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Abstract

The NKOS Community is described in this entry. NKOS (http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/) is an informal network of academics and practitioners who are interested in the use of knowledge organization systems (KOS) in networked information environments. The general aim of the community is to enable KOS to act as networked information services (both machine-to-machine and human-computer), and support the description and retrieval of information resources on the Internet. The community is a forum for presentation and discussion of KOS applications, and interchange of ideas, from technical issues to intellectual, semantic, and terminological problems related to the use of KOS. The participants come from a variety of disciplines, and from academia as well as practice, and interact and communicate by a diverse set of means: annual workshops in the United States and Europe, a Web site, a mailing list, and publication of special journal issues and working papers about contemporary issues. The NKOS community represents topical diversity, informality, and multiple perspectives on networked KOS applications. There is an implicit danger that this variety diverts the focus and discussion. However, it appears from the analysis that the constancy in the organization of the activities and the well-established peer review process is adequate to attract participants, maintain satisfactory quality, and keep focus in multiplicity.

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Content

Papers from the ISKO-UK Biennial Conference, "Knowledge Organization: Pushing the Boundaries," United Kingdom, 8-9 July, 2013, London.

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Abstract

Transferring scientific knowledge between universities and industry is known to be problematic, specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that have limited resources and absorption capacity. A variety of channels is used for knowledge transfer. These include what is commonly referred to as generic pathways (e.g., scientific publications) and relational pathways (e.g., faculty consulting). The purpose of this research is to extend our knowledge about the design of knowledge organization for a generic pathway interface providing access to scientific knowledge in a research information management system. The analysis focuses on how to meet the characteristics of SMEs in the design and organisation of the subject terms and annotations in the navigation and searching system. The design is based on findings from a qualitative analysis of eight SMEs and on principles of experience design. Experience design was applied, because the classical KO design qualities seem not to be comprehensive goals for knowledge organisation for a generic pathway interface. The SMEs need guidance, encouragement, and inspiration. Experience designs are designs that have been created to provoke changes in a user's state and behaviour by engaging this user emotionally and cognitively. The paper provides examples and discusses the outcome of the experience dimensions.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of applying the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as an established knowledge organization system (KOS) for enhancing social tagging, with the ultimate purpose of improving subject indexing and information retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - Over 11.000 Intute metadata records in politics were used. Totally, 28 politics students were each given four tasks, in which a total of 60 resources were tagged in two different configurations, one with uncontrolled social tags only and another with uncontrolled social tags as well as suggestions from a controlled vocabulary. The controlled vocabulary was DDC comprising also mappings from the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Findings - The results demonstrate the importance of controlled vocabulary suggestions for indexing and retrieval: to help produce ideas of which tags to use, to make it easier to find focus for the tagging, to ensure consistency and to increase the number of access points in retrieval. The value and usefulness of the suggestions proved to be dependent on the quality of the suggestions, both as to conceptual relevance to the user and as to appropriateness of the terminology. Originality/value - No research has investigated the enhancement of social tagging with suggestions from the DDC, an established KOS, in a user trial, comparing social tagging only and social tagging enhanced with the suggestions. This paper is a final reflection on all aspects of the study.

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this study is twofold: to investigate whether it is meaningful to use the Engineering Index (Ei) classification scheme for browsing, and then, if proven useful, to investigate the performance of an automated classification algorithm based on the Ei classification scheme. Design/methodology/approach - A user study was conducted in which users solved four controlled searching tasks. The users browsed the Ei classification scheme in order to examine the suitability of the classification systems for browsing. The classification algorithm was evaluated by the users who judged the correctness of the automatically assigned classes. Findings - The study showed that the Ei classification scheme is suited for browsing. Automatically assigned classes were on average partly correct, with some classes working better than others. Success of browsing showed to be correlated and dependent on classification correctness. Research limitations/implications - Further research should address problems of disparate evaluations of one and the same web page. Additional reasons behind browsing failures in the Ei classification scheme also need further investigation. Practical implications - Improvements for browsing were identified: describing class captions and/or listing their subclasses from start; allowing for searching for words from class captions with synonym search (easily provided for Ei since the classes are mapped to thesauri terms); when searching for class captions, returning the hierarchical tree expanded around the class in which caption the search term is found. The need for improvements of classification schemes was also indicated. Originality/value - A user-based evaluation of automated subject classification in the context of browsing has not been conducted before; hence the study also presents new findings concerning methodology.

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Abstract

CHAOS (Cultural Heritage Archive Open System) provides streaming access to more than 500,000 broadcasts by the Danish Broadcast Corporation from 1931 and onwards. The archive is part of the LARM project with the purpose of enabling researchers to search, annotate, and interact with recordings. To support the researchers the optimal way, a user-centred approach was taken to develop the platform and related metadata scheme. Based on the requirements, a three level metadata scheme was developed: 1) core archival metadata, 2) LARM metadata, and 3) project-specific metadata. The paper analyses how researchers apply the metadata scheme in their research work. The purpose is to gain insight into broadcast researchers' tagging practice and motivation for tagging to inform future design of digital cultural heritage systems. The study consists of two studies, a) a qualitative study of subjects and vocabulary of the applied metadata and annotations, and b) five semi-structured interviews about goals for tagging. The findings clearly show that the primary role of LARM.fm is to provide access to broadcasts and provide tools to segment and manage concrete segments of radio broadcasts. Although the assigned metadata are project-specific, they have been applied to serve as invaluable access points for fellow researchers due to their factual and neutral nature. The researchers particularly stress LARM.fm's strength in providing streaming access to a large, shared corpus of broadcasts.