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Abstract

In collaborative information finding systems, evaluations provided by users assist other users with similar needs. This article examines the problem of getting users to provide evaluations, thus overcoming the so-called "free-riding" behavior of users. Free riders are those who use the information provided by others without contributing evaluations of their own. This article reports on an experiment conducted using the "AntWorld," system, a collaborative information finding system for the Internet, to explore the effect of added motivation on users' behavior. The findings suggest that for the system to be effective, users must be motivated either by the environment, or by incentives within the system. The findings suggest that relatively inexpensive extrinsic motivators can produce modest but significant increases in cooperative behavior

Date

29. 9.2001 18:33:31

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Abstract

In networked information environments, using server-browser architectures, nearly all information finding episodes become extended interactions between the user and the system. In this setting the system needs some way to "understand" what the user is seeking, as this goal adapts and is modified during a session or a series of sessions. We describe a formal model, in which the model of the user's quest is represented as a generalized abstract "response function" representing the user's response to the information delivered by the system. Representing this response as u(n) = Q(S(n - 1)) shows that the user's utterance u(n) at a time step n is determined according to the user's "response function" Q by the materials S(n - 1) that had been presented up through the previous time step n - 1. The entire history of materials presented thus plays a role in determining the user's response, providing a very rich probe into the precise nature of the user's information quest, here represented by the rule Q. We show how this gives rise naturally to a new model for assimilating relevance feedback information, and to the concept of itineraries in the information network. Finally the concept of an information quest Q, provides a natural framework for considering the time dependence of information about the user's needs, and for various models of information aging. The use and effectiveness of this concept are illustrated with data collected in the Ant World Project at Rutgers