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Milstead, J.L.: Subject access systems : alternatives in design (1984) 0.03

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Milstead, J.L.: Thesauri in a full-text world (1998) 0.03

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Date: 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
Source: Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al

Milstead, J.L.: Natural versus inverted word order in subject headings (1980) 0.03

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Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 0.02
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Abstract

Report on a subject analysis review undertaken to aid managers of databases in determining if new and little-known capabilities would improve the cost-effectiveness of subject analysis operations. Operational machine-aided and automatic indexing systems were found to form a continuum. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The primary obstacle to development of automatic indexing is the lack of machine understanding of natural language. Recommendations for action include: increasing the power of the indexer interface, studying indexing policies, enrichment of thesauri, and considering the development of machine-aided indexing

Milstead, J.L.; Borko, H.: Shoes for the Cobbler's children : the ASIS thesaurus (1994) 0.02

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Source: Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 21(1994) no.1, S.22-24

Milstead, J.L.: Indexing for subject cataloguers (1983) 0.02
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Abstract

Indexing and cataloguing are conceptually the same activity, even though they differ in practice in the United States today. The purpose of this paper is to provide subject cataloguers with some insights from the state of the art of indexing. Catalogues and indexes differ in practice primarily in that the former are expected to be all things to all people, while the latter can be specialized to meet specific needs. Indexes typically analyze smaller items, thus providing deeper access; they are more flexible, especially in vocabulary and in file permanence, and they have better exploited the capabilities of the computer.
Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992) 0.02
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Abstract

The goal of the study was to determine the state of the art of subject analysis as applied to large bibliographic data bases. The intent was to gather and evaluate information, casting it in a form that could be applied by management. There was no attempt to determine actual costs or trade-offs among costs and possible benefits. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The overall conclusion was that data base producers should begin working seriously on upgrading their thesauri and codifying their indexing policies as a means of moving toward development of machine aids to indexing, but that fully automatic indexing is not yet ready for wholesale implementation
Milstead, J.L.: Standards for relationships between subject indexing terms (2001) 0.01
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Abstract

Relationships between the terms in thesauri and Indexes are the subject of national and international standards. The standards for thesauri enumerate and provide criteria for three basic types of relationship: equivalence, hierarchical, and associative. Standards and guidelines for indexes draw an the thesaurus standards to provide less detailed guidance for showing relationships between the terms used in an Index. The international standard for multilingual thesauri adds recommendations for assuring equal treatment of the languages of a thesaurus. The present standards were developed when lookup and search were essentially manual, and the value of the kinds of relationships has never been determined. It is not clear whether users understand or can use the distinctions between kinds of relationships. On the other hand, sophisticated text analysis systems may be able both to assist with development of more powerful term relationship schemes and to use the relationships to improve retrieval.

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