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Abstract

Das Gebiet der Wissenspräsentation und Inferenz umfaßt einen zentralen Bereich der Intellektik, d.h. des Gebietes der Künstlichen Intelligenz und der Kognitionswissenschaft. Es behandelt einerseits die Fragen nach einer formalen Beschreibung von Wissen jeglicher Art, besonders unter dem Aspekt einer maschinellen Verarbeitung in modernen Computern. Andererseits versucht es, das Alltagsschließen des Menschen so zu formalisieren, daß logische Schlüsse auch von Maschinen ausgeführt werden könnten. Das Buch gibt eine ausführliche Einführung in dieses umfangreiche Gebiet. Dem Studenten dient es im Rahmen einer solchen Vorlesung oder zum Selbststudium als umfassende Unterlage, und der Praktiker zieht einen großen Gewinn aus der Lektüre dieses modernen Stoffes, der in dieser Breite bisher nicht verfügbar war. Darüber hinaus leistet das Buch einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Forschung dadurch, daß viele Ansätze auf diesem Gebiet in ihren inneren Bezügen in ihrer Bedeutung klarer erkennbar w erden und so eine solide Basis für die zukünftige Forschungsarbeit geschaffen ist. Der Leser ist nach der Lektüre dieses Werkes in der Lage, sich mit Details der Wissenspräsentation und Inferenz auseinanderzusetzen.

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Abstract

Answer Set Programming (ASP) has become an established paradigm for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, in particular, when it comes to solving knowledge-intense combinatorial (optimization) problems. ASP's unique pairing of a simple yet rich modeling language with highly performant solving technology has led to an increasing interest in ASP in academia as well as industry. To further boost this development and make ASP fit for real world applications it is indispensable to equip it with means for an easy integration into software environments and for adding complementary forms of reasoning. In this tutorial, we describe how both issues are addressed in the ASP system clingo. At first, we outline features of clingo's application programming interface (API) that are essential for multi-shot ASP solving, a technique for dealing with continuously changing logic programs. This is illustrated by realizing two exemplary reasoning modes, namely branch-and-bound-based optimization and incremental ASP solving. We then switch to the design of the API for integrating complementary forms of reasoning and detail this in an extensive case study dealing with the integration of difference constraints. We show how the syntax of these constraints is added to the modeling language and seamlessly merged into the grounding process. We then develop in detail a corresponding theory propagator for difference constraints and present how it is integrated into clingo's solving process.

Series

Lecture Notes in Computer Scienc;10370) (Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI