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Shaw, D.: Challenges of information technology in improving information services (1997)
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- 22. 2.1999 16:50:03
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Sun, Q.; Shaw, D.; Davis, C.H.: ¬A model for estimating the occurence of same-frequency words and the boundary between high- and low-frequency words in texts (1999)
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- Abstract
- A simpler model is proposed for estimating the frequency of any same-frequency words and identifying the boundary point between high-frequency words and low-frequency words in a text. The model, based on a 'maximum-ranking method', assigns ranks to the words and estimates word frequency by a formula. The boundary value between high-frequency and low-frequency words is obtained by taking the square root of the number of different words in the text. This straightforward model was used successfully with both English and Chinese texts
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Shaw, D.: Automating access to bibliographic information (1996)
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- Source
- Technical services management: 1965-1990. A quarter of a century of change and a look into the future. Festschrift for Kathryn Luther Henderson. Ed.: L.C. Smith et al
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- a
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Jacob, E.K.; Shaw, D.: Sociocognitive perspectives on representation (1999)
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Cronin, B.; Shaw, D.; LaBarre, K.: ¬A cast of thousands : Coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration in the 20th century as manifested in the scholarly journal literature of psychology and philosophy (2003)
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- Abstract
- We chronicle the use of acknowledgments in 20th-century scholarship by analyzing and classifying more than 4,500 specimens covering a 100-year period. Our results show that the intensity of acknowledgment varies by discipline, reflecting differences in prevailing sociocognitive structures and work practices. We demonstrate that the acknowledgment has gradually established itself as a constitutive element of academic writing, one that provides a revealing insight into the nature and extent of subauthorship collaboration. Complementary data an rates of coauthorship are also presented to highlight the growing importance of collaboration and the increasing division of labor in contemporary research and scholarship.
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Cronin, B.; Shaw, D.; LaBarre, K.: Visible, Less Visible, and Invisible Work : Patterns of Collaboration in 20th Century Chemistry (2004)
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- Abstract
- We chronicle the use of acknowledgments in 20th century chemistry by analyzing and classifying over 2,000 specimens covering a 100-year period. Our results show that acknowledgment has gradually established itself as a constitutive element of academic writing- one that provides a revealing insight into the structural nature of subauthorship collaboration in science. Complementary data an rates of coauthorship are also presented to highlight the growing importance of teamwork and the increasing division of labor in contemporary chemistry. The results of this study are compared with the findings of a parallel study of collaboration in both the social sciences and the humanities.
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Jacob, E.K.; Shaw, D.: Is a picture worth a thousand words? : classification and graphic symbol systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- Icons are graphic images with functional roles in human-computer interaction. They may be used as conceptual tools to represent the organization of information or as operators affecting an activity such as printing or moving to another document. An icon may represent its referent either as a sign, a purely arbitrary relationship that must be learned by the user; as a pictograph, a visual image of the object represented, or as an ideogram, whre the referent is not a concrete entity but an attribute, a set of attributes, or an abstract concept associated with the referent. The symbolicity of an icon reflects the drgree of representativeness that obtains between an icon and its referent(s). We propose to examine symbolic languages composed of sets of icons and to assess their effectiveness as classificatory structures in terms of: 1) representation of hierarchical structure; 2) level of symbolicity; 3) contexts that promote the capability of icons to represent organization; 4) relationship between an underlying metaphorical framework and iconic representation of the organization; 5) graphic elements of effective symbolic languages; and 6) social or cultural factors related to the effectiveness of icons
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Davis, C.H.; Shaw, D.: Comparison of retrieval system interfaces using an objective measure of screen design effectiveness (1989)
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- Abstract
- Many evaluations of screen design for computer system interfaces are subjective. At best, they consist of sophisticated measures of user behaviour based on instruments devised by cognitive scientists: at worst, they represent only the preconceived notions of software designers. 2 straightforward experiments are described that use tallies of keyboarding errors as a measure of interface effectiveness. By programming the computer to keep such tallies during the input of search logic for a retrieval system, it is possible to obtain objectives and empirically based data for comparing the effectiveness of different interface designs
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Shaw, D.; Lind, S.M.: ASIS&T Thesaurus descriptors chosen by JASIST submitting authors and peer reviewers (2010)
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Ni, C.; Shaw, D.; Lind, S.M.; Ding, Y.: Journal impact and proximity : an assessment using bibliographic features (2013)
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- Abstract
- Journals in the Information Science & Library Science category of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) were compared using both bibliometric and bibliographic features. Data collected covered journal impact factor (JIF), number of issues per year, number of authors per article, longevity, editorial board membership, frequency of publication, number of databases indexing the journal, number of aggregators providing full-text access, country of publication, JCR categories, Dewey decimal classification, and journal statement of scope. Three features significantly correlated with JIF: number of editorial board members and number of JCR categories in which a journal is listed correlated positively; journal longevity correlated negatively with JIF. Coword analysis of journal descriptions provided a proximity clustering of journals, which differed considerably from the clusters based on editorial board membership. Finally, a multiple linear regression model was built to predict the JIF based on all the collected bibliographic features.
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Cronin, B.; Shaw, D.: Banking (on) different forms of symbolic capital (2002)
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- Abstract
- The accrual of symbolic capital is an important aspect of academic life. Successful capital formation is commonly signified by the trappings of scholarly distinction or acknowledged status as a public intellectual. We consider and compare three potential indices of symbolic capital: citation counts, Web hits, and media mentions. Our Eindings, which are domain specific, suggest that public intellectuals are notable by their absence within the information studies community.
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Vaughan, L.; Shaw, D.: Web citation data for impact assessment : a comparison of four science disciplines (2005)
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- Abstract
- The number and type of Web citations to journal articles in four areas of science are examined: biology, genetics, medicine, and multidisciplinary sciences. For a sample of 5,972 articles published in 114 journals, the median Web citation counts per journal article range from 6.2 in medicine to 10.4 in genetics. About 30% of Web citations in each area indicate intellectual impact (citations from articles or class readings, in contrast to citations from bibliographic services or the author's or journal's home page). Journals receiving more Web citations also have higher percentages of citations indicating intellectual impact. There is significant correlation between the number of citations reported in the databases from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI, now Thomson Scientific) and the number of citations retrieved using the Google search engine (Web citations). The correlation is much weaker for journals published outside the United Kingdom or United States and for multidisciplinary journals. Web citation numbers are higher than ISI citation counts, suggesting that Web searches might be conducted for an earlier or a more fine-grained assessment of an article's impact. The Web-evident impact of non-UK/USA publications might provide a balance to the geographic or cultural biases observed in ISI's data, although the stability of Web citation counts is debatable.
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Shaw, D.: Bibliographic database searching by graduate students in language and literature : search strategies, system interfaces, and relevance judgements (1995)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a study conducted at Indiana University in the summer of 1993 which observed 10 advanced graduate students in language and literature studies as they conducted literature searches using databases on CD-ROM. Presents a brief review of related literature on relevance judgements, human-computer interaction (HCI) and information seeking behaviour of humanities students. The search strategies of the graduate students under study were found to be typical of humanities scholars, who create large sets and review records quickly to select relevant items. Factors influencing relevance assessments included language, source of publication, author, and length of work. Participants especially appreciated electronic access to the Modern Language Association (MLA) International Bibliography but encountered problems with the controlled vocabulary and analytic entries for books and proceedings. The study has identified problems with database content, presentation and search interfaces which should be considered by system designers
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Shaw, D.: CD-ROM interfaces for information retrieval : heuristic evaluation and observations of intended users (1993)
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Shaw, D.: ¬The human-computer interface for information retrieval (1991)
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Shaw, D.: Dynamics of the OCLC Online Union Catalog : an analysis of the presence of records for newly-announced books and the rate of addition of institution symbols (1990)
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