Search (7 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The paper describes techniques developed by Tome Associates to process natural language queries into search statements suitable for transmission to online text database systems. The problems discussed include word identification, the handling of unknown words, the contents and structure of system dictionaries, the use of semantic categories and classification, disambiguation of multi-meaning words, stemming and truncation, noun compounds and indications of relationship between search terms

Source

Journal of documentation. 48(1992) no.3, S.255-275

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Abstract

There is a huge amount of information and data stored in publicly available online databases that consist of large text files accessed by Boolean search techniques. It is widely held that less use is made of theses databases than could or should be the case, and that one reason for this is that potential users find it difficult to identify which databases to search, to use the various command languages of the hosts and to construct the Boolean search statements required. This reasoning has stimulated a considerable amount of exploration and development work on the construction of search interfaces, to aid the inexperienced user to gain effective access to these databases. The aim of our paper is to review aspects of the design of such interfaces; to indicate the requirements that must be met if maximum aid is to be offered to the inexperienced searcher; to spell out the knowledge that must be incorporated in an interface if such aid is to be given; to describe some of the solutions that have been implemented in experimental and operational interfaces; and to discuss some of the problems encountered. The paper closes with an extensive bibliography of references relevant to online search aids, going well beyond the items explicitly mentioned in the text. An index to software appears after the bibliography at the end of the paper

Source

Journal of documentation. 49(1993) no.2, S.103-187

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Abstract

An important review of design of interfaces to encourage wider use of publicly available online databases. The authors, renowned in this field, indicate the requirements that must be met to give maximum aid to the inexperienced searcher, to spell out the knowledge that must be incoporated, and to describe some of the solutions that have been implemented. They also discuss the problems encountered in implementation. - Enthält ausführliche Bibliographie und Angaben zur Software

Footnote

Reprint von: Journal of documentation 49(1993) no.2, S.103-187

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Source

Journal of documentation. 43(1987) no.1, S.1-23

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Abstract

PLEXUS is an expert system which is designed as a referral tool to be used in public libraries. It was developed by the Central Information Service (CIS) at the University of London under a grant awarded by the British Library Research and Development Department. The first phase, which resulted in a working prototype, was completed in 20 months. A second phase, also funded by the British Library, is now under way and will involve the testing, evaluation, and further development of the prototype. The system should be able to carry out the same kind of tasks as the human reference librarian does and should do it in a way which, if done by a human would be described as intelligent. The system should be able to obtain a descrition of the user's problem and, if necessary, to supplement the user's original statement either by deriving additional concepts or by asking the user to answer some questions. The problem description shoulf then be transformed into a search strategy that coulb be applied to a data base or referral resources. The results of a search should be evaluated both by the system and the user. Should the initial search strategy produce unsatisfactory results, the system should infer an appropriate action. The search strategy would be gradually reformulated until a satisfactory outcome was achieved. The result of the search should then be presented to the user. The prototype system is restricted to gardening because it was assumed that it would be of general appeal to the users of a public library. The paper describes the knowledge base of PLEXUS, its representation, the control mechanism, and the working system as a whole

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Footnote

Soziologisch geprägt Das alles auf nicht einmal 350 Seiten: Hier kann es also immer nur um ein »Anreißen« gehen, was sich immer wieder, zum Beispiel in den Abschnitten zu Information Retrieval oder zu Formen der Wissensrepräsentation, schmerzhaft bemerkbar macht. Auf Klassifikationen, Thesauri, Formen des Abstracting und so weiter wird so gut wie nicht eingegangen. Hier ist generell zu fragen, ob die Gewichtung, die die Autoren vornehmen, sinnvoll ist. Ihr Ansatz, Informationswissenschaft zu beschreiben als »the study of the communication of information in sociery«, ist ein sehr weiter und findet seinen Niederschlag in überdimensionierten Abschnitten, die stark soziologisch geprägt sind, ohne wirklich erhellend zu sein; dazu sind die Aussagen, zum Beispiel zu Reichweiten von Kommunikation oder zu verschiedenen Kommunikationstypen, zu allgemein. Bedeutsamer, da dieser umfassende Ansatz überhaupt nicht durchgehalten wird, sondern sich immer stärker verengt hin auf Kommunikation von wissenschaftlicher Information, ist jedoch, dass auch dieses Buch letztlich den Eindruck hinterlässt, Informationswissenschaft sei ein Konglomerat miteinander relativ unverbundener Theorien und Bausteine. Dieser Eindruck, der sich beim Lesen auch deshalb immer wieder aufdrängt, weil sowohl die historische EntwicklungderDisziplin nur sehr verknappt (generell USA-zentriert) wie auch die Abgrenzung/Überschneidungzu anderen Wissenschaften wenig thematisiert wird (ganz stark spürbarim Kapitel 3 »Widercontexts of information transfer«), mildert sich etwas durch die sehr verdienstvolle Auflistung von bekannten Informationsspezialisten im Anhang und die Visualisierung der Informationswissenschaft, ihrer Zweige und bedeutender Vertreter, in Form einer Art »Landkarte«.