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Abstract

This paper presents a Web intelligence portal that captures and aggregates news and social media coverage about "Game of Thrones", an American drama television series created for the HBO television network based on George R.R. Martin's series of fantasy novels. The system collects content from the Web sites of Anglo-American news media as well as from four social media platforms: Twitter, Facebook, Google+ and YouTube. An interactive dashboard with trend charts and synchronized visual analytics components not only shows how often Game of Thrones events and characters are being mentioned by journalists and viewers, but also provides a real-time account of concepts that are being associated with the unfolding storyline and each new episode. Positive or negative sentiment is computed automatically, which sheds light on the perception of actors and new plot elements.

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Abstract

This paper describes a system to semi-automatically extend and refine ontologies by mining textual data from the Web sites of international online media. Expanding a seed ontology creates a semantic network through co-occurrence analysis, trigger phrase analysis, and disambiguation based on the WordNet lexical dictionary. Spreading activation then processes this semantic network to find the most probable candidates for inclusion in an extended ontology. Approaches to identifying hierarchical relationships such as subsumption, head noun analysis and WordNet consultation are used to confirm and classify the found relationships. Using a seed ontology on "climate change" as an example, this paper demonstrates how spreading activation improves the result by naturally integrating the mentioned methods.

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Abstract

Der Begriff Ontologie stammt ursprünglich aus der Metaphysik, einem Teilbereich der Philosophie, welcher sich um die Erkenntnis der Grundstruktur und Prinzipien der Wirklichkeit bemüht. Ontologien befassen sich dabei mit der Frage, welche Dinge auf der fundamentalsten Ebene existieren, wie sich diese strukturieren lassen und in welchen Beziehungen diese zueinanderstehen. In der Informationswissenschaft hingegen werden Ontologien verwendet, um das Vokabular für die Beschreibung von Wissensbereichen zu formalisieren. Ziel ist es, dass alle Akteure, die in diesen Bereichen tätig sind, die gleichen Konzepte und Begrifflichkeiten verwenden, um eine reibungslose Zusammenarbeit ohne Missverständnisse zu ermöglichen. So definierte zum Beispiel die Dublin Core Metadaten Initiative 15 Kernelemente, die zur Beschreibung von elektronischen Ressourcen und Medien verwendet werden können. Jedes Element wird durch eine eindeutige Bezeichnung (zum Beispiel identifier) und eine zugehörige Konzeption, welche die Bedeutung dieser Bezeichnung möglichst exakt festlegt, beschrieben. Ein Identifier muss zum Beispiel laut der Dublin Core Ontologie ein Dokument basierend auf einem zugehörigen Katalog eindeutig identifizieren. Je nach Katalog kämen daher zum Beispiel eine ISBN (Katalog von Büchern), ISSN (Katalog von Zeitschriften), URL (Web), DOI (Publikationsdatenbank) etc. als Identifier in Frage.