-
Xie, I.; Cool, C.: Understanding help seeking within the context of searching digital libraries (2009)
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- Abstract
- To date, there has been little empirical research investigating the specific types of help-seeking situations that arise when people interact with information in new searching environments such as digital libraries. This article reports the results of a project focusing on the identification of different types of help-seeking situations, along with types of factors that precipitate them among searchers of two different digital libraries. Participants (N = 120) representing the general public in Milwaukee and New York City were selected for this study. Based on the analysis of multiple sources of data, the authors identify 15 types of help-seeking situations among this sample of novice digital library users. These situations are related to the searching activities involved in getting started, identifying relevant digital collections, browsing for information, constructing search statements, refining searches, monitoring searches, and evaluating results. Multiple factors that determine the occurrences of each type of help-seeking situation also are identified. The article concludes with a model that represents user, system, task, and interaction outcome as codeterminates in the formation of help-seeking situations, and presents the theoretical and practical implications of the study results.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 12:49:20
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.477-494
-
Xie, I.; Joo, S.: Factors affecting the selection of search tactics : tasks, knowledge, process, and systems (2012)
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- Abstract
- This study investigated whether and how different factors in relation to task, user-perceived knowledge, search process, and system affect users' search tactic selection. Thirty-one participants, representing the general public with their own tasks, were recruited for this study. Multiple methods were employed to collect data, including pre-questionnaire, verbal protocols, log analysis, diaries, and post-questionnaires. Statistical analysis revealed that seven factors were significantly associated with tactic selection. These factors consist of work task types, search task types, familiarity with topic, search skills, search session length, search phases, and system types. Moreover, the study also discovered, qualitatively, in what ways these factors influence the selection of search tactics. Based on the findings, the authors discuss practical implications for system design to support users' application of multiple search tactics for each factor.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 48(2012) no.2, S.254-270
-
Xie, I.; Babu, R.; Lee, H.S.; Wang, S.; Lee, T.H.: Orientation tactics and associated factors in the digital library environment : comparison between blind and sighted users (2021)
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- Abstract
- This is the first study that compares types of orientation tactics that blind and sighted users applied in their initial interactions with a digital library (DL) and the associated factors. Multiple methods were employed for data collection: questionnaires, think-aloud protocols, and transaction logs. The paper identifies seven types of orientation tactics applied by the two groups of users. While sighted users focused on skimming DL content, blind users concentrated on exploring DL structure. Moreover, the authors discovered 13 types of system, user, and interaction factors that led to the use of orientation tactics. More system factors than user factors affect blind users' tactics in browsing DL structures. The findings of this study support the social model that the sight-centered design of DLs, rather than blind users' disability, prohibits them from effectively interacting with a DL. Simultaneously, the results reveal the limitation of existing interactive information retrieval models that do not take people with disabilities into consideration. DL design implications are discussed based on the identified factors.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 72(2021) no.8, S.995-1010
-
Xie, I.; Benoit, E. III: Search result list evaluation versus document evaluation : similarities and differences (2013)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this study is to compare the evaluation of search result lists and documents, in particular evaluation criteria, elements, association between criteria and elements, pre/post and evaluation activities, and the time spent on evaluation. Design/methodology/approach - The study analyzed the data collected from 31 general users through prequestionnaires, think aloud protocols and logs, and post questionnaires. Types of evaluation criteria, elements, associations between criteria and elements, evaluation activities and their associated pre/post activities, and time were analyzed based on open coding. Findings - The study identifies the similarities and differences of list and document evaluation by analyzing 21 evaluation criteria applied, 13 evaluation elements examined, pre/post and evaluation activities performed and time spent. In addition, the authors also explored the time spent in evaluating lists and documents for different types of tasks. Research limitations/implications - This study helps researchers understand the nature of list and document evaluation. Additionally, this study connects elements that participants examined to criteria they applied, and further reveals problems associated with the lack of integration between list and document evaluation. The findings of this study suggest more elements, especially at list level, be available to support users applying their evaluation criteria. Integration of list and document evaluation and integration of pre, evaluation and post evaluation activities for the interface design is the absolute solution for effective evaluation. Originality/value - This study fills a gap in current research in relation to the comparison of list and document evaluation.
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 69(2013) no.1, S.49-80
-
Xie, I.; Matusiak, K.M.: Discover digital libraries : theory and practice (2016)
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- Abstract
- Discover Digital Libraries: Theory and Practice is a book that integrates both research and practice concerning digital library development, use, preservation, and evaluation. The combination of current research and practical guidelines is a unique strength of this book. The authors bring in-depth expertise on different digital library issues and synthesize theoretical and practical perspectives relevant to researchers, practitioners, and students. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the different approaches and tools for digital library development, including discussions of the social and legal issues associated with digital libraries. Readers will find current research and the best practices of digital libraries, providing both US and international perspectives on the development of digital libraries and their components, including collection, digitization, metadata, interface design, sustainability, preservation, retrieval, and evaluation of digital libraries.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 68(2017) no.12, S.2841-2843 (June Abbas)
- Pages
- xxiii, 364 S
-
Chen, J.; Wang, D.; Xie, I.; Lu, Q.: Image annotation tactics : transitions, strategies and efficiency (2018)
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- Abstract
- Human interpretation of images during image annotation is complicated, but most existing interactive image annotation systems are generally operated based on social tagging, while ignoring that tags are insufficient to convey image semantics. Hence, it is critical to study the nature of image annotation behaviors and process. This study investigated annotation tactics, transitions, strategies and their efficiency during the image annotation process. A total of 90 participants were recruited to annotate nine pictures in three emotional dimensions with three interactive annotation methods. Data collected from annotation logs and verbal protocols were analyzed by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of this study show that the cognitive process of human interpretation of images is rather complex, which reveals a probable bias in research involving image relevance feedback. Participants preferred applying scroll bar (Scr) and image comparison (Cim) tactics comparing with rating tactic (Val), and they did fewer fine tuning activities, which reflects the influence of perceptual level and users' cognitive load during image annotation. Annotation tactic transition analysis showed that Cim was more likely to be adopted at the beginning of each phase, and the most remarkable transition was from Cim to Scr. By applying sequence analysis, the authors found 10 most commonly used sequences representing four types of annotation strategies, including Single tactic strategy, Tactic combination strategy, Fix mode strategy and Shift mode strategy. Furthermore, two patterns, "quarter decreasing" and "transition cost," were identified based on time data, and both multiple tactics (e.g., the combination of Cim and Scr) and fine tuning activities were recognized as efficient tactic applications. Annotation patterns found in this study suggest more research needs to be done considering the need for multi-interactive methods and their influence. The findings of this study generated detailed and useful guidance for the interactive design in image annotation systems, including recommending efficient tactic applications in different phases, highlighting the most frequently applied tactics and transitions, and avoiding unnecessary transitions.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 54(2018) no.6, S.985-1001
-
Lin, S.; Xie, I.: Behavioral changes in transmuting multisession successive searches over the web (2013)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.6, S.1259-1283
-
Xie, I.; Joo, S.: Transitions in search tactics during the Web-based search process (2010)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.11, S.2188-2205
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Xie, I.; Joo, S.; Bennett-Kapusniak, R.: User involvement and system support in applying search tactics (2017)
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- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.5, S.1165-1185
-
Xie, I.: Dimensions of tasks : influences on information-seeking and retrieving process (2009)
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- Source
- Journal of documentation. 65(2009) no.3, S.339-366
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Xie, I.; Babu, R.; Davey Castillo, M.; Han, H.: Identification of factors associated with blind users' help-seeking situations in interacting with digital libraries (2018)
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- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.4, S.514-527
