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Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: FUGMANN, R.: The limitations of automatic indexing; KOBUCHI, Y., T. SAITO u. H. NUNONE: Theoretical considerations on words classification through elementary meanings; MERKL, D. u. A.M. TJOA: The representation of semantic similarity between documents by using maps: application of an artificial neural network to organize software libraries; DEWAR, A. u. E. KATSURA: Effective multilingual subject searching through Translex; RAHMSTORF, G.: A new thesaurus structure for semantic retrieval; NAKAO, Y u. G.J. ANKER: Some fundamental principles of terminology database design; CURRAS, E.: An approach to application of systematics to knowledge organization; KITAGAWA, T. u. Y. KIYOKI: A new information retrieval methods with a dynamic context recognition mechanism; PIENAAR, R.E.: Subject access in OPACs: results of a user survey in a university library

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Editor

Redmond-Neal, A. u. M.M.K. Hlava

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.4, S.159-160 (G.J.A. Riesthuis): "This thesaurus is a revised edition of: ASIS thesaurus of information science and librarianship, edited by Jessica L. Milstead, 2nd ed. (1998). The change in the title is result of the change of the name of the ASIS (American Society of Information Science) into American Society for Information Science and Technology. Since 2002 the 2nd edition was used by Information Science Abstracts (now Information Science & Technology Abstracts). In the 2nd edition the goal of the thesaurus was formulated as "[include concepts from] information science and librarianship to a depth that will adequately support indexing in those fields with [...] related fields [...] computer science, linguistics and cognitive sciences [...]" (p. vii). The present editors started to update the thesaurus to reflect "the current state of the field and to implement it for indexing the Society's publications for the ASIS&T Digital Library" (p. v). The draft 3rd edition is used to index a great part of the Society's four publications. This means that the 3`1 edition is, more than its predecessors, based on literary warrant as far as this warrant is reflected in ASIS&T publications. The Netherlands have a descriptor, but Romania or Portugal not. The Bliss Bibliographic Classification is mentioned, but the far more often used Russian Library Bibliographical Classification (BBK) is missing. The thesaurus is presented in three parts: 1. An alphabetical listing of all terms. Here one finds the preferred and non-preferred terms with their relations denoted in the customary form (SN, BT, NT, RT, USE and UF). The ordering is word-byword. 2. An hierarchical display of the terms. This display contains the preferred terms only. 3. A permuted display of all terms. Unlike the 2nd edition, this list contains the non-preferred terms too. The thesaurus is like its predecessors a faceted one. There are seven main facets: 1. People and organizations, 2. Actions, events, and processes, 3. Physical objects, 4. Theoretical concepts and influences on information, 5. Information, information delivery formats and channels, 6. Methods of study, 7. Geographic information. The first five facets are subdivided in subfacets, the last have just one subfacet each. In total there arc 18 subfacets, referred to as "top terms" in the language of the thesaurus. This structure is not very different from the structure of the second edition, although the number of subfacets and the terminology has changed. There is one new facet "geographic information" with one subfacet: "countries and regions". In this facet one can see very clearly see that the thesaurus is based on literary warrant: only relatively few countries arc mentioned. The facet "methods of study" is expanded strongly. Under each of the top terms additional concepts are presented in a hierarchical structure. The maximum depth of the hierarchy is nine, although most subfacets have no more than four or five levels. The record for the "bibliometrics" entry shows clearly the changes. The domain and the main structure have not changed, but narrower terms not previously mentioned are added."

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Abstract

This book, aimed at an international audience, provides an overview of information literacy (IL) in practice; what it is, why it's become so important in the library profession and demonstrates how librarians can cultivate a better understanding of IL in their own organisations. It uses the 'Cookbook' theme throughout to provide a more informal approach, which will appeal to practitioners, and also reflects the need to provide guidance in the form of recipes, tips for success, regional variations, and possible substitutions if ingredients aren't available. This approach makes it easy to read and highly valuable for the busy information professional. It includes an overview of information literacy in higher education, the schools sector, public libraries, the health service and the commercial sector. It also includes contributions from international authors. Key Features: 1. Highly readable for busy information professionals 2. Contains advice, case studies and examples of good practice particularly useful for practitioners 3. Relevant to librarians from all sectors 4.Suitable for an international audience The Editors: Dr Jane Secker is Learning Technology Librarian at the Centre for Learning Technology, based at the London School of Economics.

Editor

Secker, J., D. Boden u. G. Price

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Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.

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Editor

Bates, M.J. u. M.N. Maack

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 34(2007) no.4, S. 264-265 (L.C. Howarth): "At a time when cataloguing code revision is continuing apace with the consolidation of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), the drafting of RDA: Resource Description and Access, and the development of common principles for an international cataloguing code (International Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code [IME ICC]), the publication of a guide for cataloguing cultural objects is timely and purposeful. Compiling this data content standard on behalf of the Visual Resources Association, the five editors - with oversight from an advisory board - have divided the guide into three parts. Following a brief introduction outlining the purpose, intended audience, and scope and methodology for the publication, Part One, General Guidelines, explains both what the Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) guide is "a broad document that includes rules for formatting data, suggestions for required information, controlled vocabulary requirements, and display issues" (p. I) and is not "not a metadata element set per se" (p. 1). Part Two, Elements, is further divided into nine chapters dealing with one or more metadata elements, and describing the relationships between and among each element. Part Three, Authorities, discusses what elements to include in building authority records. A Selected Bibliography, Glossary, and Index, respectively, round out the guide.
As the editors note in their introduction, "Standards that guide data structure, data values, and data content form the basis for a set of tools that can lead to good descriptive cataloging, consistent documentation, shared records, and increased end-user access" (p. xi). The VRA Core Categories, for example, represent a set of metadata elements expressed within an XML structure (data structure). Likewise, the Art Architecture Thesaurus contains sets of terms and relationships, or defined data values. While much effort has been expended on developing both data structures and values, the editors argue, the third leg of the stool, data content, has received less attention. Unlike the library community with its Anglo-American Cataloging Rules [sic though RDA is referenced in the Selected Bibliography], or its archival equivalent, Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS), those in the domain of cultural heritage responsible for describing and documenting works of art, architecture, cultural artifacts, and their respective images, have not had the benefit of such data content standards. CCO is intended to address (or redress) that gap, emphasizing the exercise of good judgment and cataloguer discretion over the application of "rigid rules" [p. xii], and building on existing standards. ... Overall, Cataloging Cultural Objects with its attending guidelines for descriptive metadata and authority control for "one-of-a-kind cultural objects" should merit a place among the "well-established" data content standards of the library and archival communities that CCO references with obvious regard."

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Editor

Kuhlen, R.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Nfd 55(2004) H.6, S.375-376 (R. Mangold): "Unser Alltag ist voll von mechanischen, elektronischen und digitalen Geräten, die alle bedient werden wollen, deren Bedienung jedoch angesichts übergroßer Komplexität und mangelnder Übersichtlich keit des User-Interfaces den Benutzer bisweilen überfordern. User-InterfaceTuning ist eine stark anwendungsorientierte Forschungsrichtung, in der auf der Grundlage ergonomischer, psychologischer, arbeitswissenschaftlicher und informationstechnischer Erkenntnisse Prinzipien und Regeln formuliert werden, wie Mensch-Geräte-Schnittstellen (= Interfaces) gestaltet sein müssen, um ein effektives, effizientes und zufriedenstellendes Bedienen aller Funktionen der Geräte zu ermöglichen. Wer auch immer sich beruflich oder privat mit der Gestaltung solcher Interfaces befasst, indem er entweder selbst am Schnittstellendesign beteiligt ist oder indem er solche Schnittstellen im Einsatz evaluiert und Kritiken bzw. Verbesserungsvorschläge formuliert, an den richtet sich dieses von Joachim Machate und Michael Burmester im Software & Support Verlag 2003 herausgegebene Buch. Dass die beiden Herausgeber schon seit Jahren Profis im Geschäft des User-Interface-Design sind, zeigt sich auch an der Auswahl und Zusammenstellung der Kapitel. Im Buch wird Grundlagenwissen zur ergonomischen Gestaltung von User-Interfaces ergänzt und veranschaulicht durch Anwendungsbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Im ersten Kapitel "Usability - die unterschätzte Qualität" begründen die Herausgeber, warum es sich nicht nur aus arbeitswissenschaftlicher und psychologischer, sondern auch aus ökonomischer Sicht lohnt, den zusätzlichen Aufwand nicht zu scheuen und Prinzipien der Usability beim InterfaceDesign zu beachten bzw. im Rahmen von Usability-Tests im Nachhinein die Benutzungsfreundlichkeit zu überprüfen. Besonders lesenswert fand ich den zweiten Aufsatz von Marc Hassenzahl, der die Frage aufwirft, warum Nutzer zwar oftmals über die mangelnde Bedienungsfreundlichkeit vieler Office-Programme klagen und nicht freiwillig die Arbeit mit einem solchen Programm fortsetzen würden, sich andererseits aber in der Freizeit über viele Stunden hinweg mit hoher Motivation und Konzentration mit einem Computerspiel befassen. Möglicherweise ließen sich Fortschritte beim User-Interface-Design erzielen, wenn es nur gelänge, durch eine Übertragung von Gestaltungsprinzipien bei Spielen auf die Interfaces von "Arbeitssoftware" auch nur ein wenig von der großen Begeisterung für Spiele einzufangen. Im dritten Kapitel arbeiten Michael Burmester und Claus Görner die zentralen Elemente des benutzerzentrierten Gestaltens heraus: Gestaltung ist ein zeitlich ausgedehnter Prozess, bei dem fortlaufend optimiert wird und in dessen Zentrum der Benutzer mit seinen bedienungsrelevanten Eigenheiten steht. Hierbei soll eine empirisch-methodische Vorgehensweise gewährleisten, dass brauchbare gestaltungsrelevante Hinweise und Daten gewonnen werden: Je intensiver die Anforderungen und der Nutzungskontext analysiert werden, desto erfolgreiche kann eine benutzerzentrierte Gestaltung sein, wie Andreas Beu im vierten Kapitel hervorhebt. Wenn der Benutzer noch stärker in den Mittelpunkt rückt, wird er schließlich bei der partizipativen Schnittstellengestaltung zum Mitwirkenden; die dabei zu beachtenden Besonderheiten beschreibt Joachim Machate im fünften Kapitel. Und zum Ende eines Designprozesses sollte man im Rahmen einer Evaluation überprüfen, ob das User-Interface auch "wirklich gut" ist, wie Michael Burmester in der Überschrift zum sechsten Kapitel die Frage formuliert. Dieses Kapitel stellt eine gute Übersicht zu den verfügbaren Evaluationsverfahren und den Randbedingungen einer systematischen Bewertung der angestrebten Wirkungen dar.