Search (29 results, page 2 of 2)

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Abstract

Taylor intends this book to be preparatory to traditional texts on cataloging and classification. She reviews why and how recorded information is organized in libraries, archives, museums, and art galleries. She then turns to the methods of retrieving information, such as through bibliographies and catalogs, and methods of encoding information (e.g., MARC and SGML), the metadata related to description and access, subject analysis by means of words, and classification as a further means of subject access. A chapter on systems for information storage and retrieval concludes a book that well fills the need for a single-volume introduction on its subject.

Content

"The book should be the natural choice as a textbook for the many new undergraduate courses on organization of information offered by schools of library and /or information science"

LCSH

Information organization

RSWK

Information und Dokumentation / Einführung (BVB)

Series

Library and information science text series

Subject

Information und Dokumentation / Einführung (BVB)
Information organization

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Abstract

What do primordial bacteria, medieval alchemists, and the World Wide Web have to do with each other? This fascinating exploration of how information systems emerge takes readers on a provocative journey through the history of the information age. Today's "information explosion" may seem like an acutely modern phenomenon, but we are not the first generation - nor even the first species - to wrestle with the problem of information overload. Long before the advent of computers, human beings were collecting, storing, and organizing information: from Ice Age taxonomies to Sumerian archives, Greek libraries to Dark Age monasteries. Today, we stand at a precipice, as our old systems struggle to cope with what designer Richard Saul Wurman called a "tsunami of data."With some historical perspective, however, we can begin to understand our predicament not just as the result of technological change, but as the latest chapter in an ancient story that we are only beginning to understand. Spanning disciplines from evolutionary theory and cultural anthropology to the history of books, libraries, and computer science, writer and information architect Alex Wright weaves an intriguing narrative that connects such seemingly far-flung topics as insect colonies, Stone Age jewelry, medieval monasteries, Renaissance encyclopedias, early computer networks, and the World Wide Web. Finally, he pulls these threads together to reach a surprising conclusion, suggesting that the future of the information age may lie deep in our cultural past. To counter the billions of pixels that have been spent on the rise of the seemingly unique World Wide Web, journalist and information architect Wright delivers a fascinating tour of the many ways that humans have collected, organized and shared information for more than 100,000 years to show how the information age started long before microchips or movable type. A self-described generalist who displays an easy familiarity with evolutionary biology and cultural anthropology as well as computer science and technology, Wright explores the many and varied roots of the Web, including how the structure of family relationships from Greek times, among others, has exerted a profound influence on the shape and structure of human information systems. He discusses how the violent history of libraries is the best lesson in how hierarchical systems collapse and give rise to new systems, and how the new technology of the book introduced the notion of random access to information. And he focuses on the work of many now obscure information-gathering pioneers such as John Wilkins and his Universal Categories and Paul Otlet, the Internet's forgotten forefather, who anticipated many of the problems bedeviling the Web today. (Publishers Weekly)

BK

06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens

Classification

06.01 / Geschichte des Informations- und Dokumentationswesens

Content

Inhalt: Networks and hierarchies -- Family trees and the tree of life -- The ice age information explosion -- The age of alphabets -- Illuminating the dark age -- A steam engine of the mind -- The astral power station -- The encyclopedic revolution -- The moose that roared -- The industrial library -- The Web that wasn't -- Memories of the future.

LCSH

Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History

RSWK

Informationsspeicherung / Information Retrieval / Geschichte

Subject

Informationsspeicherung / Information Retrieval / Geschichte
Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History

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Abstract

Suchmaschinen wie Google stehen im Zentrum unseres digitalen Lebens. Hinter ihrem einfachen Interface verbirgt sich jedoch eine politische Philosophie in Form von komplexen digitalen Codes. Auf dem Spiel steht nichts weniger als die Frage, wie wir individuell und kollektiv etwas über die Welt in Erfahrung bringen werden.

Content

Inhalt: - Geschichte Paul Duguid: Die Suche vor grep: Eine Entwicklung von Geschlossenheit zu Offenheit? Robert Darnton: Die Bibliothek im Informationszeitalter: 6000 Jahre Schrift Geert Lovink: Die Gesellschaft der Suche: Fragen oder Googeln Katja Mayer: Zur Soziometrik der Suchmaschinen: Ein historischer Überblick der Methodik - Grundrechte Claire Lobet-Maris: Vom Vertrauen zur Spurenauswertung: Eine neue Sicht der Technikfolgenabschätzung loris van Hoboken: Suchmaschinen-Gesetzgebung und die Frage der Ausdrucksfreiheit: Eine europäische Perspektive Felix Stalder, Christine Mayer: Der zweite Index: Suchmaschinen, Personalisierung und Überwachung
- Macht Theo Röhle: Die Demontage der Gatekeeper: Relationale Perspektiven zur Macht der Suchmaschinen Bernhard Rieder: Demokratisierung der Suche? Von der Kritik zum gesellschaftlich orientierten Design Matteo Pasquinelli: Googles PageRank: Diagramm des kognitiven Kapitalismus und Rentier des gemeinsamen Wissens Konrad Becker: Die Macht der Klassifizierung: Abgründe des Wissens an den Klippen der Ordnung - Sichtbarkeit Richard Rogers: Zur Frage der Vergoogelung: Hin zu einer unkritisierbaren Maschine? Metahaven: Periphere Kräfte: Zur Relevanz von Marginalität in Netzwerken Lev Manovich: Auf den Spuren der globalen digitalen Kulturen: Kulturanalytik für Anfänger

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Abstract

Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.

Content

Inhalt: 1. Information Foraging Theory: Framework and Method 2. Elementary Foraging Models 3. The Ecology of Information Foraging on the World Wide Web 4. Rational Analyses of Information Scent and Web Foraging 5. A Cognitive Model of Information Foraging on the Web 6. A Rational Analysis and Computational Cognitive Model of the Scatter/Gather Document Cluster Browser 7. Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent 8. Social Information Foraging 9. Design Heuristics, Engineering Models, and Applications 10. Future Directions: Upward, Downward, Inward, and Outward

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Information is essential to all human activity, and information in electronic form both amplifies and augments human information interactions. This lecture surveys some of the different classical meanings of information, focuses on the ways that electronic technologies are affecting how we think about these senses of information, and introduces an emerging sense of information that has implications for how we work, play, and interact with others. The evolutions of computers and electronic networks and people's uses and adaptations of these tools manifesting a dynamic space called cyberspace. Our traces of activity in cyberspace give rise to a new sense of information as instantaneous identity states that I term proflection of self. Proflections of self influence how others act toward us. Four classical senses of information are described as context for this new form of information. The four senses selected for inclusion here are the following: thought and memory, communication process, artifact, and energy. Human mental activity and state (thought and memory) have neurological, cognitive, and affective facets.The act of informing (communication process) is considered from the perspective of human intentionality and technical developments that have dramatically amplified human communication capabilities. Information artifacts comprise a common sense of information that gives rise to a variety of information industries. Energy is the most general sense of information and is considered from the point of view of physical, mental, and social state change. This sense includes information theory as a measurable reduction in uncertainty. This lecture emphasizes how electronic representations have blurred media boundaries and added computational behaviors that yield new forms of information interaction, which, in turn, are stored, aggregated, and mined to create profiles that represent our cyber identities.

Content

Table of Contents: The Many Meanings of Information / Information as Thought and Memory / Information as Communication Process / Information as Artifact / Information as Energy / Information as Identity in Cyberspace: The Fifth Voice / Conclusion and Directions

RSWK

Information

Series

Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services ; 16

Subject

Information

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Abstract

The Architecture of Cyberspace is aimed at students taking information management as a minor in their course as well as those who manage document collections but who are not professional librarians. The first part of this book looks at how users find documents and the problems they have; the second part discusses how to manage the information space using various tools such as classification and controlled vocabularies. It also explores the general issues of publishing, including legal considerations, as well the main issues of creating and managing archives. Supported by exercises and discussion questions at the end of each chapter, the book includes some sample assignments suitable for use with students of this subject. A glossary is also provided to help readers understand the specialised vocabulary and the key concepts in the design and assessment of information spaces.

LCSH

Information technology
Information retrieval
Information resources management

RSWK

Information Engineering / Lehrbuch
Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch

Subject

Information Engineering / Lehrbuch
Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch
Information technology
Information retrieval
Information resources management

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Abstract

Museums are under pressure to deliver effective management and presentation of their collections, outreach to their public, cost effective use of all of their resources and the generation of maximum income. This book addresses such topics as what information means in the museum context, who uses it and what they need to do with it, developing a strategy for using information to benefit the museum, making the best use of the knowledge and skills of the museum staff, and acquiring the right mix of technology and managing it to support co-operation between people. Basic principles and practical advice is presented for integrated management of a whole range of information which museums need for productive use of human resources and for choosing and using technology effectively. The needs of small museums are given special attention and case studies show how a range of institutions have responded to the challenge.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Museums

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Museums

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Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

LCSH

Libraries / Information technology

Subject

Libraries / Information technology

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Abstract

A practical approach to developing and operating an effective programme to manage hybrid records within an organization. This title positions records management as an integral business function linked to the organisation's business aims and objectives. The authors also address the records requirements of new and significant pieces of legislation, such as data protection and freedom of information, as well as exploring strategies for managing electronic records. Bullet points, checklists and examples assist the reader throughout, making this a one-stop resource for information in this area.