Search (35 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Libraries have always been an inspiration for the standards and technologies developed by semantic web activities. However, except for the Dublin Core specification, semantic web and social networking technologies have not been widely adopted and further developed by major digital library initiatives and projects. Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories. Kruk and McDaniel present semantic web-related aspects of current digital library activities, and introduce their functionality; they show examples ranging from general architectural descriptions to detailed usages of specific ontologies, and thus stimulate the awareness of researchers, engineers, and potential users of those technologies. Their presentation is completed by chapters on existing prototype systems such as JeromeDL, BRICKS, and Greenstone, as well as a look into the possible future of semantic digital libraries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in areas like digital libraries, the semantic web, social networks, and information retrieval. This audience will benefit from detailed descriptions of both today's possibilities and also the shortcomings of applying semantic web technologies to large digital repositories of often unstructured data.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web: Introduction / Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization / Dagobert Soergel - Semantic Web and Ontologies / Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Social Semantic Information Spaces / John G. Breslin A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries: Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel - Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki and Ewelina Kruk - Long-time Preservation / Markus Reis Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries: Bibliographic Ontology / Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Community-aware Ontologies / Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk and Bill McDaniel Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL: The Social Semantic Digital Library / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki and Maciej Dabrowski - The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure / Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knezevié - Semantics in Greenstone / Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge and Ian Witten Building the Future - Semantic Digital Libraries in Use: Hyperbooks / Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima and Jean-Claude Ziswiler - Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving / Bill McDaniel - Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk and Katarzyna Stankiewicz - Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel

Footnote

Vgl. die digitale Ausgabe unter: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p77265/.

Theme

Information Gateway

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LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Evaluation

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Datenbankverwaltung / Hochschulschrift (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Dialogsystem (SWB)
Information Retrieval / Dialogsystem / Leistungsbewertung (BVB)

Subject

Information Retrieval / Datenbankverwaltung / Hochschulschrift (GBV)
Information Retrieval / Dialogsystem (SWB)
Information Retrieval / Dialogsystem / Leistungsbewertung (BVB)
Information storage and retrieval systems / Evaluation

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Abstract

The Architecture of Cyberspace is aimed at students taking information management as a minor in their course as well as those who manage document collections but who are not professional librarians. The first part of this book looks at how users find documents and the problems they have; the second part discusses how to manage the information space using various tools such as classification and controlled vocabularies. It also explores the general issues of publishing, including legal considerations, as well the main issues of creating and managing archives. Supported by exercises and discussion questions at the end of each chapter, the book includes some sample assignments suitable for use with students of this subject. A glossary is also provided to help readers understand the specialised vocabulary and the key concepts in the design and assessment of information spaces.

LCSH

Information technology
Information retrieval
Information resources management

RSWK

Information Engineering / Lehrbuch
Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch

Subject

Information Engineering / Lehrbuch
Information Retrieval / Lehrbuch
Information technology
Information retrieval
Information resources management

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2007, held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 2007. The 36 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 36 revised poster, demo papers and 2 panel descriptions were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 153 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ontologies, digital libraries and the web, models, multimedia and multilingual DLs, grid and peer-to-peer, preservation, user interfaces, document linking, information retrieval, personal information management, new DL applications, and user studies.

Content

Inhalt u.a.: Ontologies - Ontology-Based Question Answering for Digital Libraries / Stephan Bloehdorn, Philipp Cimiano, Alistair Duke, Peter Haase, Jörg Heizmann, Ian Thurlow and Johanna Völker Digital libraries and the Web Models Multimedia and multilingual DLs - Roadmap for MultiLingual Information Access in the European Library / Maristella Agosti, Martin Braschler, Nicola Ferro, Carol Peters and Sjoerd Siebinga Grid and peer-to-peer Preservation User interfaces Document linking Information retrieval - Thesaurus-Based Feedback to Support Mixed Search and Browsing Environments / Edgar Meij and Maarten de Rijke - Extending Semantic Matching Towards Digital Library Contexts / László Kovács and András Micsik Personal information management New DL applications User studies

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems
Information systems
Information Storage and Retrieval
Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet
Multimedia Information Systems

RSWK

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation

Subject

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
Information storage and retrieval systems
Information systems
Information Storage and Retrieval
Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet
Multimedia Information Systems

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Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: Fugmann, R.: Learning the lessons of the past; Davis, C.H.: Indexing and index editing at Chemical Abstracts before the Registry System; Roe , E.M.: Abstracts and indexes to branded full text: what's in a name?; Lynch, M.F.: Introduction of computers in chemical structure information systems, or what is not recorded in the annals; Baatz, S.: Medical science and medical informatics: The visible human project, 1986-2000.

Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Science / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Technology / History

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Science / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Technology / History

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Abstract

As information becomes more ubiquitous and the demands that searchers have on search systems grow, there is a need to support search behaviors beyond simple lookup. Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Exploratory search describes an information-seeking problem context that is open-ended, persistent, and multifaceted, and information-seeking processes that are opportunistic, iterative, and multitactical. Exploratory searchers aim to solve complex problems and develop enhanced mental capacities. Exploratory search systems support this through symbiotic human-machine relationships that provide guidance in exploring unfamiliar information landscapes. Exploratory search has gained prominence in recent years. There is an increased interest from the information retrieval, information science, and human-computer interaction communities in moving beyond the traditional turn-taking interaction model supported by major Web search engines, and toward support for human intelligence amplification and information use. In this lecture, we introduce exploratory search, relate it to relevant extant research, outline the features of exploratory search systems, discuss the evaluation of these systems, and suggest some future directions for supporting exploratory search. Exploratory search is a new frontier in the search domain and is becoming increasingly important in shaping our future world.

Series

Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval & services; 3

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Content

Inhalt: An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories, and Models (Marcia J. Bates) - What Methodology Does to Theory: Sense-Making Methodology as Exemplar (Brenda Dervin) Evolution in Information Behavior Modeling Wilson's Model (T.D. Wilson) - Affective Load (Diane Nahl) - Anomalous State of Knowledge (Nicholas J. Belkin) - Archival Intelligence (Elizabeth Yakel) - Bandura's Social Cognition (Makiko Miwa) - Berrypicking (Marcia J. Bates) - Big6 Skills for Information Literacy (Carrie A. Lowe and Michael B. Eisenberg) - Chang's Browsing (Chan-Ju L. Chang) - Chatman's Information Poverty (Julie Hersberger) - Chatman's Life in the Round (Crystal Fulton) - Cognitive Authority (Soo Young Rieh) - Cognitive Work Analysis (Raya Fidel and Annelise Mark Pejtersen) - Collective Action Dilemma (Marc Smith and Howard T. Weiser) - Communicative Action (Gerald Benoît) - Communities of Practice (Elisabeth Davies) - Cultural Models of Hall and Hofstede (Anita Komlodi) - Dervin's Sense-Making (Tonyia J. Tidline) - Diffusion Theory (Darian Lajoie-Paquette) - The Domain Analytic Approach to Scholars' Information Practices (Sanna Talja) - Ecological Theory of Human Information Behavior (Kirsty Williamson) - Elicitation as Micro-Level Information Seeking (Mei-Mei Wu) - Ellis's Model of InformationSeeking Behavior (David Ellis) - Everyday Life Information Seeking (Reijo Savolainen) - Face Threat (Lorri Mon) - Flow Theory (Charles Naumer) - General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals (Gloria J. Leckie) - The Imposed Query (Melissa Gross) - Information Acquiringand-Sharing (Kevin Rioux) - Information Activities in Work Tasks (Katriina Byström) - Information Encountering (Sanda Erdelez) - Information Grounds (Karen E. Fisher) - Information Horizons (Diane H. Sonnenwald) - Information Intents (Ross J. Todd) - Information Interchange (Rita Marcella and Graeme Baxter) - Institutional Ethnography (Roz Stooke) - Integrative Framework for Information Seeking and Interactive Information Retrieval (Peter Ingwersen) - Interpretative Repertoires (Pamela J. McKenzie) - Krikelas's Model of Information Seeking (Jean Henefer and Crystal Fulton) - Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (Carol Collier Kuhlthau) - Library Anxiety (Patricia Katopol) - Monitoring and Blunting (Lynda M. Baker) - Motivational Factors for Interface Design (Carolyn Watters and Jack Duffy) - Network Gatekeeping (Karine Barzilai-Nahon) - Nonlinear Information Seeking (Allen Foster) - Optimal Foraging (JoAnn Jacoby) - Organizational Sense Making and Information Use (Anu Maclntosh-Murray) - The PAIN Hypothesis (Harry Bruce) -
Perspectives on the Tasks in which Information Behaviors Are Embedded (Barbara M. Wildemuth and Anthony Hughes) - Phenomenography (Louise Limberg) - Practice of Everyday Life (Paulette Rothbauer) - Principle of Least Effort (Donald O. Case) - Professions and Occupational Identities (Olof Sundin and Jenny Hedman) - Radical Change (Eliza T. Dresang) - Reader Response Theory (Catherine Sheldrick Ross) - Rounding and Dissonant Grounds (Paul Solomon) - Serious Leisure (Jenna Hartel) - Small-World Network Exploration (Lennart Björneborn) - Nan Lin's Theory of Social Capital (Catherine A. Johnson) - The Social Constructionist Viewpoint on Information Practices (Kimmo Tuominen, Sanna Talja, and Reijo Savolainen) - Social Positioning (Lisa M. Given) - The Socio-Cognitive Theory of Users Situated in Specific Contexts and Domains (Birger Hjoerland) - Strength of Weak Ties (Christopher M. Dixon) - Symbolic Violence (Steven Joyce) - Taylor's Information Use Environments (Ruth A. Palmquist) - Taylor's Question-Negotiation (Phillip M. Edwards) - Transtheoretical Model of the Health Behavior Change (C. Nadine Wathen and Roma M. Harris) - Value Sensitive Design (Batya Friedman and Nathan G. Freier) - Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (Lynne (E. E) McKechnie) - Web Information Behaviors of Organizational Workers (Brian Detlor) - Willingness to Return (Tammara Combs Turner and Joan C. Durrance) - Women's Ways of Knowing (Heidi Julien) - Work Task Information-Seeking and Retrieval Processes (Preben Hansen) - World Wide Web Information Seeking (Don Turnbull)

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 59(2006) H.3, S.90-93 (O. Oberhauser): "What a marvellous book! [dies vorwegnehmend als Quintessenz der folgenden Rezension und auch für den englischsprachigen Verlag gedacht]. Den drei Herausgeberinnen, die an den Universitäten von Washington (Seattle, WA), Missouri (Columbia, MO) und Western Ontario (London, Kanada) lehren, ist das seltene Kunststück geglückt, einen Band zu erstellen, der nicht nur als mustergültige Einführung in die Thematik human information behaviour zu dienen vermag, sondern gleichzeitig auch als Nachschlagewerk zu den vielfältigen theoretischen Ansätzen innerhalb dieser bedeutenden Teildisziplin der Informationswissenschaft herangezogen werden kann. Wie sie selbst in der Danksagung feststellen, ist das Buch "a collaborative work of the information behavior community" (S. xvii), wobei die editorische Leistung vor allem darin lag, 85 Beitragende aus zehn Ländern zu koordinieren bzw. zur Abfassung von 72 Artikeln von jeweils ähnlicher Länge (bzw. Knappheit und Kürze), Gestaltung und Lesbarkeit zu veranlassen. Unter diesen 85 Beitragenden ist im übrigen alles versammelt, was in dieser Teildisziplin Rang und Namen hat, mit Ausnahme der leider bereits verstorbenen Soziologin Elfreda A. Chatman, einer der einflussreichsten Theoretikerinnen im Bereich des Informationsverhaltens, deren Andenken das Buch auch gewidmet ist.
Im Gegensatz zur früher üblichen Praxis, Informationsverhalten auf die Aktivitäten der Informationssuche zu beschränken, folgt man heute Tom Wilsons Definition, wonach es sich dabei um "the totality of human behaviour in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information-seeking, and information use" handelt, bzw. jener von Karen Pettigrew [nunmehr Fisher] et al., "how people need, seek, give and use information in different contexts". Im Laufe der letzten Jahre, ja schon Jahrzehnte, hat sich dazu ein fast nicht mehr überschaubarer Bestand an Literatur angesammelt, der sich sowohl aus theoretischen bzw. theoretisierenden, als auch aus auch praktischen bzw. empirischen Arbeiten zusammensetzt. Einige wenige dieser theoretischen Ansätze haben weite Verbreitung gefunden, werden in Studiengängen der Informationswissenschaft gelehrt und tauchen in der laufend veröffentlichten Literatur immer wieder als Basis für empirische Untersuchungen oder modifizierende Weiterentwicklungen auf. Das Buch beginnt mit drei Grundsatzartikeln, die von herausragenden Vertretern des gegenständlichen Themenbereichs verfasst wurden. Im ersten und längsten dieser Beiträge, An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories and Models (S. 1-24), gibt Marcia J. Bates (Los Angeles, CA), zunächst eine wissenschaftstheoretische Einführung zu den drei im Titel genannten Begriffen, nicht ohne darauf hinzuweisen, dass der Großteil der theoretisierenden Ansätze in unserer Disziplin erst dem Modellstadium angehört. Am Beispiel des Principle of Least Effort zeigt sie, dass selbst für diesen am besten abgesicherten Befund der Forschung zum Informationsverhalten, keine ausreichende theoretische Begründung existiert. In der Folge versucht Bates, die in der Informationswissenschaft gängigen Metatheorien zu identifizieren und gelangt dabei zu der folgenden Kategorisierung, die auch als Bezugsrahmen für die Einordnung der zahlreichen in diesem Buch dargestellten Modelle dienen kann:
1. historisch (die Gegenwart aus der Vergangheit heraus verstehen) 2. konstruktivistisch (Individuen konstruieren unter dem Einfluss ihres sozialen Kontexts das Verständnis ihrer Welten) 3. diskursanalytisch (Sprache konstituiert die Konstruktion der Identität und die Ausbildung von Bedeutungen) 4. philosophisch-analytisch (rigorose Analyse von Begriffen und Thesen) 5. kritische Theorie (Analyse versteckter Macht- und Herrschaftsmuster) 6. ethnographisch (Verständnis von Menschen durch Hineinversetzen in deren Kulturen) 7. sozialkognitiv (sowohl das Denken des Individuums als auch dessen sozialer bzw. fachlicher Umraum beeinflussen die Informationsnutzung) 8. kognitiv (Fokus auf das Denken der Individuen im Zusammenhang mit Suche, Auffindung und Nutzung von Information) 9. bibliometrisch (statistische Eigenschaften von Information) 10. physikalisch (Signalübertragung, Informationstheorie) 11. technisch (Informationsbedürfnisse durch immer bessere Systeme und Dienste erfüllen) 12. benutzerorientierte Gestaltung ("usability", Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion) 13. evolutionär (Anwendung von Ergebnissen von Biologie und Evolutionspsychologie auf informationsbezogene Phänomene). Bates Beitrag ist, wie stets, wohldurchdacht, didaktisch gut aufbereitet und in klarer Sprache abgefasst, sodass man ihn mit Freude und Gewinn liest. Zu letzterem trägt auch noch die umfangreiche Liste von Literaturangaben bei, mit der sich insbesondere die 13 genannten Metatheorien optimal weiterverfolgen lassen. . . .
Zusammenfassend möchte ich folgende Behauptung wagen: Wer dieses Buch gründlich studiert (und natürlich auch die zahlreichen Literaturhinweise verfolgt), kennt mehr oder weniger alles, was es zum Themenbereich Informationsverhalten - als Teildisziplin der Informationswissenschaft - zu wissen gibt. Kann man über ein Buch noch etwas Besseres sagen? Und kann man voraussehen, welche neuen metatheoretischen Ansätze mit einer solchen Gesamtschau noch gefunden können und werden? In formaler Hinsicht bietet der Verlag Information Today mit dem vorliegenden Buch einen ansprechend gestalteten Hardcover-Band ohne größere Mängel und mit einem dem Gebotenen angemessenen Preis. Von dem fast 30 Seiten langen kombinierten Namens- und Sachregister könnten manche europäischen Verlage - die diesbezüglich eher auf Einsparung setzen oder wenig professionelle Register anbieten - lernen, wie man derlei macht. Als fehlend könnte man vielleicht einen Anhang mit den Kurzbiographien aller Beitragenden empfinden, doch mag es verständlich erscheinen, dass dies angesichts deren großer Zahl auf eine Vorstellung der drei Herausgeberinnen beschränkt wurde. Nicht gefallen hat mir der wenig konsistente Zitierstil bei den bibliographischen Angaben, einschließlich der Mode, beim Zitieren von Zeitschriftenaufsätzen vorgeblich redundante Heftangaben wegzulassen. Über die Exaltation der dritten Herausgeberin, ihrem Vornamen (auch auf dem Titelblatt!) noch den Klammerausdruck "(E. F.)" hinzuzufügen, sei rasch der Mantel des Schweigens gebreitet. In Summe daher, wie schon eingangs festgestellt wurde, ein vorzügliches und sehr empfehlenswertes Buch."
Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303 (D.E. Agosto): "Due to the brevity of the entries, they serve more as introductions to a wide array of theories than as deep explorations of a select few. The individual entries are not as deep as those in more traditional reference volumes, such as The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Drake, 2003) or The Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Cronin, 2005), but the overall coverage is much broader. This volume is probably most useful to doctoral students who are looking for theoretical frameworks for nascent research projects or to more veteran researchers interested in an introductory overview of information behavior research, as those already familiar with this subfield also will probably already be familiar with most of the theories presented here. Since different authors have penned each of the various entries, the writing styles vary somewhat, but on the whole, this is a readable, pithy volume that does an excellent job of encapsulating this important area of information research."

Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

LCSH

Information behavior
Information retrieval ; Research
Information resources
Information science

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Informationsverhalten / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Information Retrieval / Informationsverhalten / Aufsatzsammlung
Information behavior
Information retrieval ; Research
Information resources
Information science

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Classification

ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering

LCSH

Ontologies (Information retrieval)

RSWK

Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration

RVK

ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering

Series

Advanced information and knowledge processing

Subject

Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Information Retrieval / Verteilung / Metadaten / Datenintegration
Ontologies (Information retrieval)

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LCSH

Information display systems / Congresses

Subject

Information display systems / Congresses

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Abstract

Interested in how an efficient search engine works? Want to know what algorithms are used to rank resulting documents in response to user requests? The authors answer these and other key information on retrieval design and implementation questions is provided. This book is not yet another high level text. Instead, algorithms are thoroughly described, making this book ideally suited for both computer science students and practitioners who work on search-related applications. As stated in the foreword, this book provides a current, broad, and detailed overview of the field and is the only one that does so. Examples are used throughout to illustrate the algorithms. The authors explain how a query is ranked against a document collection using either a single or a combination of retrieval strategies, and how an assortment of utilities are integrated into the query processing scheme to improve these rankings. Methods for building and compressing text indexes, querying and retrieving documents in multiple languages, and using parallel or distributed processing to expedite the search are likewise described. This edition is a major expansion of the one published in 1998. Neuaufl. 2005: Besides updating the entire book with current techniques, it includes new sections on language models, cross-language information retrieval, peer-to-peer processing, XML search, mediators, and duplicate document detection.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

RSWK

Algorithmus / Heuristik / Information Retrieval
Information Retrieval / Theoretische Informatik (HBZ)
Information Retrieval (BVB)

Series

Kluwer international series on information retrieval ; 15

Subject

Algorithmus / Heuristik / Information Retrieval
Information Retrieval / Theoretische Informatik (HBZ)
Information Retrieval (BVB)
Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

We live in an information age that requires us, more than ever, to represent, access, and use information. Over the last several decades, we have developed a modern science and technology for information retrieval, relentlessly pursuing the vision of a "memex" that Vannevar Bush proposed in his seminal article, "As We May Think." Faceted search plays a key role in this program. Faceted search addresses weaknesses of conventional search approaches and has emerged as a foundation for interactive information retrieval. User studies demonstrate that faceted search provides more effective information-seeking support to users than best-first search. Indeed, faceted search has become increasingly prevalent in online information access systems, particularly for e-commerce and site search. In this lecture, we explore the history, theory, and practice of faceted search. Although we cannot hope to be exhaustive, our aim is to provide sufficient depth and breadth to offer a useful resource to both researchers and practitioners. Because faceted search is an area of interest to computer scientists, information scientists, interface designers, and usability researchers, we do not assume that the reader is a specialist in any of these fields. Rather, we offer a self-contained treatment of the topic, with an extensive bibliography for those who would like to pursue particular aspects in more depth.

Content

Table of Contents: I. Key Concepts / Introduction: What Are Facets? / Information Retrieval / Faceted Information Retrieval / II. Research and Practice / Academic Research / Commercial Applications / III. Practical Concerns / Back-End Concerns / Front-End Concerns / Conclusion / Glossary

RSWK

Information Retrieval

Series

Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval & services; 5

Subject

Information Retrieval

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Abstract

A modern information retrieval system must have the capability to find, organize and present very different manifestations of information - such as text, pictures, videos or database records - any of which may be of relevance to the user. However, the concept of relevance, while seemingly intuitive, is actually hard to define, and it's even harder to model in a formal way. Lavrenko does not attempt to bring forth a new definition of relevance, nor provide arguments as to why any particular definition might be theoretically superior or more complete. Instead, he takes a widely accepted, albeit somewhat conservative definition, makes several assumptions, and from them develops a new probabilistic model that explicitly captures that notion of relevance. With this book, he makes two major contributions to the field of information retrieval: first, a new way to look at topical relevance, complementing the two dominant models, i.e., the classical probabilistic model and the language modeling approach, and which explicitly combines documents, queries, and relevance in a single formalism; second, a new method for modeling exchangeable sequences of discrete random variables which does not make any structural assumptions about the data and which can also handle rare events. Thus his book is of major interest to researchers and graduate students in information retrieval who specialize in relevance modeling, ranking algorithms, and language modeling.

RSWK

Relevanz-Feedback / Information Retrieval

Series

The information retrieval series ; 26

Subject

Relevanz-Feedback / Information Retrieval

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Abstract

Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children's teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.

Footnote

Rez. in: Publishers Weekly. May 2007: "In a high-minded twist on the Internet-has-changed-everything book, Weinberger (Small Pieces Loosely Joined) joins the ranks of social thinkers striving to construct new theories around the success of Google and Wikipedia. Organization or, rather, lack of it, is the key: the author insists that "we have to get rid of the idea that there's a best way of organizing the world." Building on his earlier works' discussions of the Internet-driven shift in power to users and consumers, Weinberger notes that "our homespun ways of maintaining order are going to break-they're already breaking-in the digital world." Today's avalanche of fresh information, Weinberger writes, requires relinquishing control of how we organize pretty much everything; he envisions an ever-changing array of "useful, powerful and beautiful ways to make sense of our world." Perhaps carried away by his thesis, the author gets into extended riffs on topics like the history of classification and the Dewey Decimal System. At the point where readers may want to turn his musings into strategies for living or doing business, he serves up intriguing but not exactly helpful epigrams about "the third order of order" and "useful miscellaneousness." But the book's call to embrace complexity will influence thinking about "the newly miscellanized world.""
Weitere Rez. in: BuB 59(2007) H.10, S.750-751 (J. Plieninger: Vermischtes und noch mehr ...): "Dass dieses Buch den Bibliothekaren gewidmet ist, stimmt tröstlich. Denn auf den Punkt gebracht, bedeutet sein Inhalt für unseren Berufsstand: Es kommt nicht mehr auf Euch an! Die Kernthese, die der Autor, ein bekannter Publizist zum Internet und Mitglied einer Harvard-Institution, in diesem Essay überaus anregend und mit vielen Beispielen gespickt ausführt, lautet: Dem Informationsüberfluss durch elektronische Dokumente kann nur noch durch noch mehr Information begegnet werden. ..." Weitere Rez. in JASIST 60(2009) no.6, S.1299-1300 (G Thornton). Vgl. für Rezensionen auch: http://www.everythingismiscellaneous.com/reviews/.

LCSH

Information technology / Management
Information technology / Social aspects
Personal information management
Information resources management

Subject

Information technology / Management
Information technology / Social aspects
Personal information management
Information resources management

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Content

From the contents:.- Basics of screen design.- Navigation and orientation.- Information.- Screen layout.Interaction.- Motivation.- Innovative prospects.- Appendix.Glossary.- Literature.- Index

LCSH

Information display systems / Formatting

Subject

Information display systems / Formatting

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Abstract

Ziel aller professioneller Aktivitäten der in der DGI organisierten Informationsfachleute ist es, bedarfsgerecht die Verfügbarkeit von Informationen sicher zu stellen. Als Motto der 60.Jahrestagung und 30. Online-Tagung der DGI bietet diese Zielsetzung den Rahmen für ein vielseitiges Programm, das Information Professionals aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln interessante Einblicke in informationswissenschaftliche Forschung, praktische Anwendungen, das Berufsfeld, die Ausbildungssituation und geplante Projekte bietet. Dabei begleiten uns die zentralen Fragen, unter welchen Bedingungen eine Information für wen heute verfügbar ist, wie sich die Verfügbarkeit auch bei sich wandelnden Technologien und Rezeptionsgewohnheiten für die Zukunft sichern lässt und die alte, doch immer wieder neue Frage nach der 'Dokumentationswürdigkeit' aufgrund von Qualität oder betrieblichen Notwendigkeiten und juristischen Regelungen. Der Band vereinigt die Textfassungen der Beiträge, die durch das Progammkomitee angenommen worden sind, dazu gehören u.a. die suche nach Bildern oder Patenten mit Suchmaschinen, Competitive Intelligence, Sicherung von Primärdaten, Langfristige Nutzbarkeit und Standardisierung, Qualitätskriterien, automatische und intellektuelle Erschließung, Ontologien oder Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von Wikis.

BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

RSWK

Information und Dokumentation / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2006> (GBV)

Subject

Information und Dokumentation / Kongress / Frankfurt <Main, 2006> (GBV)

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Content

Das Buch ist in die Abschnitte Invited Papers (1 Beitrag, 1 Abstract), Representing Context (3 Beiträge), Context and Relevance in Information Seeking (3), Context and Information (3), Contextualised Information Seeking (3), Agendas for Context (3), Context and Documents (2) und Workshops (2 Ankündigungstexte) gegliedert und enthält ein simples Autoren-, jedoch kein Sachregister. Die Autoren der Beiträge stammen mit einigen Ausnahmen (Italien, Frankreich, Russland) aus den angelsächsischen und skandinavischen Ländern.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 59(2006) H.3, S.100-103 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieses als Band 3507 der bekannten, seit 1973 erscheinenden Springer-Serie Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) publizierte Buch versammelt die Vorträge der 5. Tagung "Conceptions of Library and Information Science". CoLIS hat sich in den letzten anderthalb Jahrzehnten als internationales Forum für die Präsentation und Rezeption von Forschung auf den Fachgebieten Informatik und Informationswissenschaft etabliert. Auf die 1992 in Tampere (Finnland) anlässlich des damals 20jährigen Bestehens des dortigen Instituts für Informationswissenschaft abgehaltene erste Tagung folgten weitere in Kopenhagen (1996), Dubrovnik (1999) und Seattle, WA (2002). Die zuletzt an der Strathclyde University in Glasgow (2005) veranstaltete Konferenz war dem Thema "Context" im Rahmen der informationsbezogenen Forschung gewidmet, einem komplexen, dynamischen und multidimensionalen Begriff von grosser Bedeutung für das Verhalten und die Interaktion von Mensch und Maschine. . . .
Am interessantesten und wichtigsten erschien mir der Grundsatzartikel von Peter Ingwersen und Kalervo Järvelin (Kopenhagen/Tampere), The sense of information: Understanding the cognitive conditional information concept in relation to information acquisition (S. 7-19). Hier versuchen die Autoren, den ursprünglich von Ingwersen1 vorgeschlagenen und damals ausschliesslich im Zusammenhang mit dem interaktiven Information Retrieval verwendeten Begriff "conditional cognitive information" anhand eines erweiterten Modells nicht nur auf das Gesamtgebiet von "information seeking and retrieval" (IS&R) auszuweiten, sondern auch auf den menschlichen Informationserwerb aus der Sinneswahrnehmung, wie z.B. im Alltag oder im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnistätigkeit. Dabei werden auch alternative Informationsbegriffe sowie die Beziehung von Information und Bedeutung diskutiert. Einen ebenfalls auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden Ansatz thematisiert der Beitrag von Birger Larsen (Kopenhagen), indem er sich mit dessen vor über 10 Jahren veröffentlichten2 Principle of Polyrepresentation befasst. Dieses beruht auf der Hypothese, wonach die Überlappung zwischen unterschiedlichen kognitiven Repräsentationen - nämlich jenen der Situation des Informationssuchenden und der Dokumente - zur Reduktion der einer Retrievalsituation anhaftenden Unsicherheit und damit zur Verbesserung der Performance des IR-Systems genutzt werden könne. Das Prinzip stellt die Dokumente, ihre Autoren und Indexierer, aber auch die sie zugänglich machende IT-Lösung in einen umfassenden und kohärenten theoretischen Bezugsrahmen, der die benutzerorientierte Forschungsrichtung "Information-Seeking" mit der systemorientierten IR-Forschung zu integrieren trachtet. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie der (wenigen) dazu vorliegenden empirischen Studien hält Larsen das Model, das von Ingwersen sowohl für "exact match-IR" als auch für "best match-IR" intendiert war, allerdings schon in seinen Grundzügen für "Boolean" (d.h. "exact match"-orientiert) und schlägt ein "polyrepresentation continuum" als Verbesserungsmöglichkeit vor.
Mehrere Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Problem der Relevanz. Erica Cosijn und Theo Bothma (Pretoria) argumentieren, dass für das Benutzerverhalten neben der thematischen Relevanz auch verschiedene andere Relevanzdimensionen eine Rolle spielen und schlagen auf der Basis eines (abermals auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden) erweiterten Relevanzmodells vor, dass IR-Systeme die Möglichkeit zur Abgabe auch kognitiver, situativer und sozio-kognitiver Relevanzurteile bieten sollten. Elaine Toms et al. (Kanada) berichten von einer Studie, in der versucht wurde, die schon vor 30 Jahren von Tefko Saracevic3 erstellten fünf Relevanzdimensionen (kognitiv, motivational, situativ, thematisch und algorithmisch) zu operationalisieren und anhand von Recherchen mit einer Web-Suchmaschine zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich diese fünf Dimensionen in drei Typen vereinen lassen, die Benutzer, System und Aufgabe repräsentieren. Von einer völlig anderen Seite nähern sich Olof Sundin und Jenny Johannison (Boras, Schweden) der Relevanzthematik, indem sie einen kommunikationsorientierten, neo-pragmatistischen Ansatz (nach Richard Rorty) wählen, um Informationssuche und Relevanz zu analysieren, und dabei auch auf das Werk von Michel Foucault zurückgreifen. Weitere interessante Artikel befassen sich mit Bradford's Law of Scattering (Hjørland & Nicolaisen), Information Sharing and Timing (Widén-Wulff & Davenport), Annotations as Context for Searching Documents (Agosti & Ferro), sowie dem Nutzen von neuen Informationsquellen wie Web Links, Newsgroups und Blogs für die sozial- und informationswissenschaftliche Forschung (Thelwall & Wouters). In Summe liegt hier ein interessantes und anspruchsvolles Buch vor - inhaltlich natürlich nicht gerade einheitlich und geschlossen, doch dies darf man bei einem Konferenzband ohnedies nicht erwarten. Manche der abgedruckten Beiträge sind sicher nicht einfach zu lesen, lohnen aber die Mühe. Auch für Praktiker aus Bibliothek und Information ist einiges dabei, sofern sie sich für die wissenschaftliche Basis ihrer Tätigkeit interessieren. Fachlich einschlägige Spezial- und grössere Allgemeinbibliotheken sollten das Werk daher unbedingt führen.

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>
Information-Retrieval-System / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>
Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Relevanz-Feedback / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>

Subject

Information Retrieval / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>
Information-Retrieval-System / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>
Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Relevanz-Feedback / Kontextbezogenes System / Kongress / Glasgow <2005>

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2003, held in Trondheim, Norway in August 2003. The 39 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on uses, users, and user interfaces; metadata applications; annotation and recommendation; automatic classification and indexing; Web technologies; topical crawling and subject gateways; architectures and systems; knowledge organization; collection building and management; information retrieval; digital preservation; and indexing and searching of special documents and collection information.

Content

Inhalt: Uses, Users, and User Interaction Metadata Applications - Semantic Browsing / Alexander Faaborg, Carl Lagoze Annotation and Recommendation Automatic Classification and Indexing - Cross-Lingual Text Categorization / Nuria Bel, Cornelis H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas - Automatic Multi-label Subject Indexing in a Multilingual Environment / Boris Lauser, Andreas Hotho Web Technologies Topical Crawling, Subject Gateways - VASCODA: A German Scientific Portal for Cross-Searching Distributed Digital Resource Collections / Heike Neuroth, Tamara Pianos Architectures and Systems Knowledge Organization: Concepts - The ADEPT Concept-Based Digital Learning Environment / T.R. Smith, D. Ancona, O. Buchel, M. Freeston, W. Heller, R. Nottrott, T. Tierney, A. Ushakov - A User Evaluation of Hierarchical Phrase Browsing / Katrina D. Edgar, David M. Nichols, Gordon W. Paynter, Kirsten Thomson, Ian H. Witten - Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries / Qinwei Zhu, Marcos Andre Gongalves, Rao Shen, Lillian Cassell, Edward A. Fox Collection Building and Management Knowledge Organization: Authorities and Works - Automatic Conversion from MARC to FRBR / Christian Monch, Trond Aalberg Information Retrieval in Different Application Areas Digital Preservation Indexing and Searching of Special Document and Collection Information

RSWK

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>

Subject

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>

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LCSH

Information technology

RSWK

Information Engineering / Wissensmanagement (BVB)

Subject

Information Engineering / Wissensmanagement (BVB)
Information technology

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

The second edition of Understanding Search Engines: Mathematical Modeling and Text Retrieval follows the basic premise of the first edition by discussing many of the key design issues for building search engines and emphasizing the important role that applied mathematics can play in improving information retrieval. The authors discuss important data structures, algorithms, and software as well as user-centered issues such as interfaces, manual indexing, and document preparation. Significant changes bring the text up to date on current information retrieval methods: for example the addition of a new chapter on link-structure algorithms used in search engines such as Google. The chapter on user interface has been rewritten to specifically focus on search engine usability. In addition the authors have added new recommendations for further reading and expanded the bibliography, and have updated and streamlined the index to make it more reader friendly.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction Document File Preparation - Manual Indexing - Information Extraction - Vector Space Modeling - Matrix Decompositions - Query Representations - Ranking and Relevance Feedback - Searching by Link Structure - User Interface - Book Format Document File Preparation Document Purification and Analysis - Text Formatting - Validation - Manual Indexing - Automatic Indexing - Item Normalization - Inverted File Structures - Document File - Dictionary List - Inversion List - Other File Structures Vector Space Models Construction - Term-by-Document Matrices - Simple Query Matching - Design Issues - Term Weighting - Sparse Matrix Storage - Low-Rank Approximations Matrix Decompositions QR Factorization - Singular Value Decomposition - Low-Rank Approximations - Query Matching - Software - Semidiscrete Decomposition - Updating Techniques Query Management Query Binding - Types of Queries - Boolean Queries - Natural Language Queries - Thesaurus Queries - Fuzzy Queries - Term Searches - Probabilistic Queries Ranking and Relevance Feedback Performance Evaluation - Precision - Recall - Average Precision - Genetic Algorithms - Relevance Feedback Searching by Link Structure HITS Method - HITS Implementation - HITS Summary - PageRank Method - PageRank Adjustments - PageRank Implementation - PageRank Summary User Interface Considerations General Guidelines - Search Engine Interfaces - Form Fill-in - Display Considerations - Progress Indication - No Penalties for Error - Results - Test and Retest - Final Considerations Further Reading

RSWK

Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval
Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval / Mathematisches Modell (HEBIS)

Subject

Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval
Suchmaschine / Information Retrieval / Mathematisches Modell (HEBIS)

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2004, held in Bath, UK in September 2004. The 47 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 148 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on digital library architectures, evaluation and usability, user interfaces and presentation, new approaches to information retrieval, interoperability, enhanced indexing and search methods, personalization and applications, music digital libraries, personal digital libraries, innovative technologies, open archive initiative, new models and tools, and user-centered design.

Content

Inhalt: Digital Library Architectures Evaluation and Usability User Interfaces and Presentation New Approaches to Information Retrieval - From Abstract to Virtual Entities: Implementation of Work-Based Searching in a Multimedia Digital Library / Mark Notess, Jenn Riley, and Harriette Hemmasi Interoperability Enhanced Indexing and Searching Methods Personalisation and Annotation Music Digital Libraries Personal Digital Libraries Innovative Technologies for Digital Libraries Open Archives Initiative New Models and Tools User-Centred Design - Evaluating Strategic Support for Information Access in the DAFFODIL System / Claus-Peter Klas, Norbert Fuhr, and Andre Schaefer Innovative Technologies for Digital Libraries

RSWK

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Bath <2004>
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Bath <2004>

Subject

Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Bath <2004>
World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Bath <2004>