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Hüsken, P.: Informationssuche im Semantic Web : Methoden des Information Retrieval für die Wissensrepräsentation (2006)
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- Abstract
- Das Semantic Web bezeichnet ein erweitertes World Wide Web (WWW), das die Bedeutung von präsentierten Inhalten in neuen standardisierten Sprachen wie RDF Schema und OWL modelliert. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Aspekt des Information Retrieval, d.h. es wird untersucht, in wie weit Methoden der Informationssuche sich auf modelliertes Wissen übertragen lassen. Die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von IR-Systemen wie vage Anfragen sowie die Unterstützung unsicheren Wissens werden im Kontext des Semantic Web behandelt. Im Fokus steht die Suche nach Fakten innerhalb einer Wissensdomäne, die entweder explizit modelliert sind oder implizit durch die Anwendung von Inferenz abgeleitet werden können. Aufbauend auf der an der Universität Duisburg-Essen entwickelten Retrievalmaschine PIRE wird die Anwendung unsicherer Inferenz mit probabilistischer Prädikatenlogik (pDatalog) implementiert.
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Glöckner-Rist, A.: Suchfragen im Information Retrieval : eine empirische Untersuchung zum Rechercheverhalten von Informationsvermittlern und Endbenutzern (1992)
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- Abstract
- Das Information Retrieval steht in theoretischer und praktischer Hinsicht im Zentrum der Informationswissenschaft. Das Buch vereinigt beide Bereiche, indem es seinen praktischen Ausgang von realen Situationen der Online-Informationsvermittlung nimmt und zugleich einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer Theorie der Frageformulierung in Information Retrieval an sich leistet. Mit 'realen Situationen' sind mitprotokollierte Online-Sitzungen bzw. CD-ROM Recherchen gemeint. Diese Recherchen wurden teils kooperativ, d.h. zusammen mit den Endbenutzern, oder nicht-kooperativ, d.h. alleine von professionellen Informationsvermittlern, durchgeführt und in der Arbeit ausgewertet. Die Studie ist damit der sog. verhaltensanalytischen Richtung des Information Retrieval zuzurechnen
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Context: nature, impact, and role : 5th International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, CoLIS 2005, Glasgow 2005; Proceedings (2005)
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- Footnote
- Am interessantesten und wichtigsten erschien mir der Grundsatzartikel von Peter Ingwersen und Kalervo Järvelin (Kopenhagen/Tampere), The sense of information: Understanding the cognitive conditional information concept in relation to information acquisition (S. 7-19). Hier versuchen die Autoren, den ursprünglich von Ingwersen1 vorgeschlagenen und damals ausschliesslich im Zusammenhang mit dem interaktiven Information Retrieval verwendeten Begriff "conditional cognitive information" anhand eines erweiterten Modells nicht nur auf das Gesamtgebiet von "information seeking and retrieval" (IS&R) auszuweiten, sondern auch auf den menschlichen Informationserwerb aus der Sinneswahrnehmung, wie z.B. im Alltag oder im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnistätigkeit. Dabei werden auch alternative Informationsbegriffe sowie die Beziehung von Information und Bedeutung diskutiert. Einen ebenfalls auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden Ansatz thematisiert der Beitrag von Birger Larsen (Kopenhagen), indem er sich mit dessen vor über 10 Jahren veröffentlichten2 Principle of Polyrepresentation befasst. Dieses beruht auf der Hypothese, wonach die Überlappung zwischen unterschiedlichen kognitiven Repräsentationen - nämlich jenen der Situation des Informationssuchenden und der Dokumente - zur Reduktion der einer Retrievalsituation anhaftenden Unsicherheit und damit zur Verbesserung der Performance des IR-Systems genutzt werden könne. Das Prinzip stellt die Dokumente, ihre Autoren und Indexierer, aber auch die sie zugänglich machende IT-Lösung in einen umfassenden und kohärenten theoretischen Bezugsrahmen, der die benutzerorientierte Forschungsrichtung "Information-Seeking" mit der systemorientierten IR-Forschung zu integrieren trachtet. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie der (wenigen) dazu vorliegenden empirischen Studien hält Larsen das Model, das von Ingwersen sowohl für "exact match-IR" als auch für "best match-IR" intendiert war, allerdings schon in seinen Grundzügen für "Boolean" (d.h. "exact match"-orientiert) und schlägt ein "polyrepresentation continuum" als Verbesserungsmöglichkeit vor.
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Floridi, L.: Philosophy and computing : an introduction (1999)
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-
Spinning the Semantic Web : bringing the World Wide Web to its full potential (2003)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Tim Bemers-Lee: The Original Dream - Re-enter Machines - Where Are We Now? - The World Wide Web Consortium - Where Is the Web Going Next? / Dieter Fensel, James Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster: Why Is There a Need for the Semantic Web and What Will It Provide? - How the Semantic Web Will Be Possible / Jeff Heflin, James Hendler, and Sean Luke: SHOE: A Blueprint for the Semantic Web / Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, Lynn Andrea Stein, and James Hendler: DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web / Michel Klein, Jeen Broekstra, Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, and Ian Horrocks: Ontologies and Schema Languages on the Web / Borys Omelayenko, Monica Crubezy, Dieter Fensel, Richard Benjamins, Bob Wielinga, Enrico Motta, Mark Musen, and Ying Ding: UPML: The Language and Tool Support for Making the Semantic Web Alive / Deborah L. McGuinness: Ontologies Come of Age / Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman, and Frank van Harmelen: Sesame: An Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF Data and Schema Information / Rob Jasper and Mike Uschold: Enabling Task-Centered Knowledge Support through Semantic Markup / Yolanda Gil: Knowledge Mobility: Semantics for the Web as a White Knight for Knowledge-Based Systems / Sanjeev Thacker, Amit Sheth, and Shuchi Patel: Complex Relationships for the Semantic Web / Alexander Maedche, Steffen Staab, Nenad Stojanovic, Rudi Studer, and York Sure: SEmantic portAL: The SEAL Approach / Ora Lassila and Mark Adler: Semantic Gadgets: Ubiquitous Computing Meets the Semantic Web / Christopher Frye, Mike Plusch, and Henry Lieberman: Static and Dynamic Semantics of the Web / Masahiro Hori: Semantic Annotation for Web Content Adaptation / Austin Tate, Jeff Dalton, John Levine, and Alex Nixon: Task-Achieving Agents on the World Wide Web
-
Broughton, V.: Essential thesaurus construction (2006)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 60(2007) H.1, S.98-101 (O. Oberhauser): "Die Autorin von Essential thesaurus construction (and essential taxonomy construction, so der implizite Untertitel, vgl. S. 1) ist durch ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der bekannten School of Library, Archive and Information Studies des University College London und durch ihre bisherigen Publikationen auf den Gebieten (Facetten-)Klassifikation und Thesaurus fachlich einschlägig ausgewiesen. Nach Essential classification liegt nun ihr Thesaurus-Lehrbuch vor, mit rund 200 Seiten Text und knapp 100 Seiten Anhang ein handliches Werk, das seine Genese zum Grossteil dem Lehrbetrieb verdankt, wie auch dem kurzen Einleitungskapitel zu entnehmen ist. Das Buch ist der Schule von Jean Aitchison et al. verpflichtet und wendet sich an "the indexer" im weitesten Sinn, d.h. an alle Personen, die ein strukturiertes, kontrolliertes Fachvokabular für die Zwecke der sachlichen Erschliessung und Suche erstellen wollen bzw. müssen. Es möchte dieser Zielgruppe das nötige methodische Rüstzeug für eine solche Aufgabe vermitteln, was einschliesslich der Einleitung und der Schlussbemerkungen in zwanzig Kapiteln geschieht - eine ansprechende Strukturierung, die ein wohldosiertes Durcharbeiten möglich macht. Zu letzterem tragen auch die von der Autorin immer wieder gestellten Übungsaufgaben bei (Lösungen jeweils am Kapitelende). Zu Beginn der Darstellung wird der "information retrieval thesaurus" von dem (zumindest im angelsächsischen Raum) weit öfter mit dem Thesaurusbegriff assoziierten "reference thesaurus" abgegrenzt, einem nach begrifflicher Ähnlichkeit angeordneten Synonymenwörterbuch, das gerne als Mittel zur stilistischen Verbesserung beim Abfassen von (wissenschaftlichen) Arbeiten verwendet wird. Ohne noch ins Detail zu gehen, werden optische Erscheinungsform und Anwendungsgebiete von Thesauren vorgestellt, der Thesaurus als postkoordinierte Indexierungssprache erläutert und seine Nähe zu facettierten Klassifikationssystemen erwähnt. In der Folge stellt Broughton die systematisch organisierten Systeme (Klassifikation/ Taxonomie, Begriffs-/Themendiagramme, Ontologien) den alphabetisch angeordneten, wortbasierten (Schlagwortlisten, thesaurusartige Schlagwortsysteme und Thesauren im eigentlichen Sinn) gegenüber, was dem Leser weitere Einordnungshilfen schafft. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Thesauren als Mittel der Erschliessung (auch als Quelle für Metadatenangaben bei elektronischen bzw. Web-Dokumenten) und der Recherche (Suchformulierung, Anfrageerweiterung, Browsing und Navigieren) kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie die bei der Verwendung natürlichsprachiger Indexierungssysteme auftretenden Probleme. Mit Beispielen wird ausdrücklich auf die mehr oder weniger starke fachliche Spezialisierung der meisten dieser Vokabularien hingewiesen, wobei auch Informationsquellen über Thesauren (z.B. www.taxonomywarehouse.com) sowie Thesauren für nicht-textuelle Ressourcen kurz angerissen werden.
-
Thissen, F.: Screen-Design-Handbuch : Effektiv informieren und kommunizieren mit Multimedia (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2008 14:35:21
-
Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 11th European conference, ECDL 2007 / Budapest, Hungary, September 16-21, 2007, proceedings (2007)
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- Editor
- Kovacs, L. et al.
-
Innovations in information retrieval : perspectives for theory and practice (2011)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Bawden, D.: Encountering on the road to serendip? Browsing in new information environments. - Slavic, A.: Classification revisited: a web of knowledge. - Vernitski, A. u. P. Rafferty: Approaches to fiction retrieval research, from theory to practice? - Inskip, C.: Music information retrieval research. - Peters, I.: Folksonomies, social tagging and information retrieval. - Kopak, R., L. Freund u. H. O'Brien: Digital information interaction as semantic navigation. - Thelwall, M.: Assessing web search engines: a webometric approach
-
Thissen, F.: Screen-Design-Manual : Communicating Effectively Through Multimedia (2003)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2008 14:29:25
-
Bleuel, J.: Online Publizieren im Internet : elektronische Zeitschriften und Bücher (1995)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2008 16:15:37
-
TREC: experiment and evaluation in information retrieval (2005)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: 1. The Text REtrieval Conference - Ellen M. Voorhees and Donna K. Harman 2. The TREC Test Collections - Donna K. Harman 3. Retrieval System Evaluation - Chris Buckley and Ellen M. Voorhees 4. The TREC Ad Hoc Experiments - Donna K. Harman 5. Routing and Filtering - Stephen Robertson and Jamie Callan 6. The TREC Interactive Tracks: Putting the User into Search - Susan T. Dumais and Nicholas J. Belkin 7. Beyond English - Donna K. Harman 8. Retrieving Noisy Text - Ellen M. Voorhees and John S. Garofolo 9.The Very Large Collection and Web Tracks - David Hawking and Nick Craswell 10. Question Answering in TREC - Ellen M. Voorhees 11. The University of Massachusetts and a Dozen TRECs - James Allan, W. Bruce Croft and Jamie Callan 12. How Okapi Came to TREC - Stephen Robertson 13. The SMART Project at TREC - Chris Buckley 14. Ten Years of Ad Hoc Retrieval at TREC Using PIRCS - Kui-Lam Kwok 15. MultiText Experiments for TREC - Gordon V. Cormack, Charles L. A. Clarke, Christopher R. Palmer and Thomas R. Lynam 16. A Language-Modeling Approach to TREC - Djoerd Hiemstra and Wessel Kraaij 17. BM Research Activities at TREC - Eric W. Brown, David Carmel, Martin Franz, Abraham Ittycheriah, Tapas Kanungo, Yoelle Maarek, J. Scott McCarley, Robert L. Mack, John M. Prager, John R. Smith, Aya Soffer, Jason Y. Zien and Alan D. Marwick Epilogue: Metareflections on TREC - Karen Sparck Jones
-
Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005)
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- Classification
- 006.7 22
- Date
- 7. 3.2007 19:30:22
- DDC
- 006.7 22
-
Medienkompetenz : wie lehrt und lernt man Medienkompetenz? (2003)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2008 18:05:16
-
Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European conference, ECDL2003 Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003. Proceedings (2003)
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-
Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 10th European conference ; proceedings / ECDL 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 17 - 22, 2006 ; proceedings (2006)
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-
Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries : July 14 - 18, 2002, Portland, Oregon, USA. (2002)
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- Content
- Inhalt: SESSION: Building and using cultural digital libraries Primarily history: historians and the search for primary source materials (Helen R. Tibbo) - Using the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials (Michael Droettboom, Ichiro Fujinaga, Karl MacMillan, G. Sayeed Chouhury, Tim DiLauro, Mark Patton, Teal Anderson) - Supporting access to large digital oral history archives (Samuel Gustman, Dagobert Soergel, Douglas Oard, William Byrne, Michael Picheny, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Douglas Greenberg) SESSION: Summarization and question answering Using sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments in TXTRACTOR (Daniel McDonald, Hsinchun Chen) - Using librarian techniques in automatic text summarization for information retrieval (Min-Yen Kan, Judith L. Klavans) - QuASM: a system for question answering using semi-structured data (David Pinto, Michael Branstein, Ryan Coleman, W. Bruce Croft, Matthew King, Wei Li, Xing Wei) SESSION: Studying users Reading-in-the-small: a study of reading on small form factor devices (Catherine C. Marshall, Christine Ruotolo) - A graph-based recommender system for digital library (Zan Huang, Wingyan Chung, Thian-Huat Ong, Hsinchun Chen) - The effects of topic familiarity on information search behavior (Diane Kelly, Colleen Cool) SESSION: Classification and browsing A language modelling approach to relevance profiling for document browsing (David J. Harper, Sara Coulthard, Sun Yixing) - Compound descriptors in context: a matching function for classifications and thesauri (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - Structuring keyword-based queries for web databases (Rodrigo C. Vieira, Pavel Calado, Altigran S. da Silva, Alberto H. F. Laender, Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto) - An approach to automatic classification of text for information retrieval (Hong Cui, P. Bryan Heidorn, Hong Zhang)
SESSION: Federating and harvesting metadata DP9: an OAI gateway service for web crawlers (Xiaoming Liu, Kurt Maly, Mohammad Zubair, Michael L. Nelson) - The Greenstone plugin architecture (Ian H. Witten, David Bainbridge, Gordon Paynter, Stefan Boddie) - Building FLOW: federating libraries on the web (Anna Keller Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves LeMeur, Kim Baldridge) - JAFER ToolKit project: interfacing Z39.50 and XML (Antony Corfield, Matthew Dovey, Richard Mawby, Colin Tatham) - Schema extraction from XML collections (Boris Chidlovskii) - Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel (Ashwini Pande, Malini Kothapalli, Ryan Richardson, Edward A. Fox) SESSION: Music digital libraries HMM-based musical query retrieval (Jonah Shifrin, Bryan Pardo, Colin Meek, William Birmingham) - A comparison of melodic database retrieval techniques using sung queries (Ning Hu, Roger B. Dannenberg) - Enhancing access to the levy sheet music collection: reconstructing full-text lyrics from syllables (Brian Wingenroth, Mark Patton, Tim DiLauro) - Evaluating automatic melody segmentation aimed at music information retrieval (Massimo Melucci, Nicola Orio) SESSION: Preserving, securing, and assessing digital libraries A methodology and system for preserving digital data (Raymond A. Lorie) - Modeling web data (James C. French) - An evaluation model for a digital library services tool (Jim Dorward, Derek Reinke, Mimi Recker) - Why watermark?: the copyright need for an engineering solution (Michael Seadle, J. R. Deller, Jr., Aparna Gurijala) SESSION: Image and cultural digital libraries Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries (Adrian Graham, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke, Terry Winograd) - Toward a distributed terabyte text retrieval system in China-US million book digital library (Bin Liu, Wen Gao, Ling Zhang, Tie-jun Huang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Jun Cheng) - Enhanced perspectives for historical and cultural documentaries using informedia technologies (Howard D. Wactlar, Ching-chih Chen) - Interfaces for palmtop image search (Mark Derthick)
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Theories of information behavior (2005)
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- Content
- Inhalt: An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories, and Models (Marcia J. Bates) - What Methodology Does to Theory: Sense-Making Methodology as Exemplar (Brenda Dervin) Evolution in Information Behavior Modeling Wilson's Model (T.D. Wilson) - Affective Load (Diane Nahl) - Anomalous State of Knowledge (Nicholas J. Belkin) - Archival Intelligence (Elizabeth Yakel) - Bandura's Social Cognition (Makiko Miwa) - Berrypicking (Marcia J. Bates) - Big6 Skills for Information Literacy (Carrie A. Lowe and Michael B. Eisenberg) - Chang's Browsing (Chan-Ju L. Chang) - Chatman's Information Poverty (Julie Hersberger) - Chatman's Life in the Round (Crystal Fulton) - Cognitive Authority (Soo Young Rieh) - Cognitive Work Analysis (Raya Fidel and Annelise Mark Pejtersen) - Collective Action Dilemma (Marc Smith and Howard T. Weiser) - Communicative Action (Gerald Benoît) - Communities of Practice (Elisabeth Davies) - Cultural Models of Hall and Hofstede (Anita Komlodi) - Dervin's Sense-Making (Tonyia J. Tidline) - Diffusion Theory (Darian Lajoie-Paquette) - The Domain Analytic Approach to Scholars' Information Practices (Sanna Talja) - Ecological Theory of Human Information Behavior (Kirsty Williamson) - Elicitation as Micro-Level Information Seeking (Mei-Mei Wu) - Ellis's Model of InformationSeeking Behavior (David Ellis) - Everyday Life Information Seeking (Reijo Savolainen) - Face Threat (Lorri Mon) - Flow Theory (Charles Naumer) - General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals (Gloria J. Leckie) - The Imposed Query (Melissa Gross) - Information Acquiringand-Sharing (Kevin Rioux) - Information Activities in Work Tasks (Katriina Byström) - Information Encountering (Sanda Erdelez) - Information Grounds (Karen E. Fisher) - Information Horizons (Diane H. Sonnenwald) - Information Intents (Ross J. Todd) - Information Interchange (Rita Marcella and Graeme Baxter) - Institutional Ethnography (Roz Stooke) - Integrative Framework for Information Seeking and Interactive Information Retrieval (Peter Ingwersen) - Interpretative Repertoires (Pamela J. McKenzie) - Krikelas's Model of Information Seeking (Jean Henefer and Crystal Fulton) - Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (Carol Collier Kuhlthau) - Library Anxiety (Patricia Katopol) - Monitoring and Blunting (Lynda M. Baker) - Motivational Factors for Interface Design (Carolyn Watters and Jack Duffy) - Network Gatekeeping (Karine Barzilai-Nahon) - Nonlinear Information Seeking (Allen Foster) - Optimal Foraging (JoAnn Jacoby) - Organizational Sense Making and Information Use (Anu Maclntosh-Murray) - The PAIN Hypothesis (Harry Bruce) -
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Net effects : how librarians can manage the unintended consequenees of the Internet (2003)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.
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Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery (2002)
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- Date
- 23. 3.2008 19:10:22
