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Abstract

Das Jahr 2045 markiert einen historischen Meilenstein: Es ist das Jahr, in dem der Mensch seine biologischen Begrenzungen mithilfe der Technik überwinden wird. Diese als technologische Singularität bekannt gewordene Revolution wird die Menschheit für immer verändern. Googles Chefingenieur Ray Kurzweil, dessen wahnwitzigen Visionen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten immer wieder genau ins Schwarze trafen, zeichnet in diesem Klassiker des Transhumanismus mit beispielloser Detailwut eine bunt schillernde Momentaufnahme der technischen Evolution und legt dar, weshalb diese so bald kein Ende finden, sondern im Gegenteil immer weiter an Dynamik gewinnen wird. Daraus ergibt sich eine ebenso faszinierende wie schockierende Vision für die Zukunft der Menschheit.

Date

22. 1.2018 17:33:05

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Abstract

Maschinen werden immer selbständiger, autonomer, intelligenter. Ihr Vormarsch ist kaum mehr zu stoppen. Dabei geraten sie in Situationen, die moralische Entscheidungen verlangen. Doch können Maschinen überhaupt moralisch handeln, sind sie moralische Akteure - und dürfen sie das? Mit diesen und ähnlichen Fragen beschäftigt sich der völlig neue Ansatz der Maschinenethik. Catrin Misselhorn erläutert die Grundlagen dieser neuen Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Philosophie, Informatik und Robotik sachkundig und verständlich, etwa am Beispiel von autonomen Waffensystemen, Pflegerobotern und autonomem Fahren: das grundlegende Buch für die neue Disziplin. Intelligente Maschinen, die nicht nur ungeliebte und kräftezehrende Arbeiten verrichten, sondern als Pflegeroboter, Autos und Cyberwaffen in enger Verbindung zum Menschen stehen bis hin zur Kriegsführung benötigen ein Handlungskorsett, eine moralische Richtschnur ihres Handelns.

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Abstract

Metadata research has emerged as a discipline cross-cutting many domains, focused on the provision of distributed descriptions (often called annotations) to Web resources or applications. Such associated descriptions are supposed to serve as a foundation for advanced services in many application areas, including search and location, personalization, federation of repositories and automated delivery of information. Indeed, the Semantic Web is in itself a concrete technological framework for ontology-based metadata. For example, Web-based social networking requires metadata describing people and their interrelations, and large databases with biological information use complex and detailed metadata schemas for more precise and informed search strategies. There is a wide diversity in the languages and idioms used for providing meta-descriptions, from simple structured text in metadata schemas to formal annotations using ontologies, and the technologies for storing, sharing and exploiting meta-descriptions are also diverse and evolve rapidly. In addition, there is a proliferation of schemas and standards related to metadata, resulting in a complex and moving technological landscape - hence, the need for specialized knowledge and skills in this area. The Handbook of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies is intended as an authoritative reference for students, practitioners and researchers, serving as a roadmap for the variety of metadata schemas and ontologies available in a number of key domain areas, including culture, biology, education, healthcare, engineering and library science.

Footnote

Rez. in: Cataloging and classification quarterly 54(2016) no.7, S.504-505 (Claudia Horning).