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Abstract

From the invention of scripts and alphabets to the long misunderstood "talking drums" of Africa, James Gleick tells the story of information technologies that changed the very nature of human consciousness. He also provides portraits of the key figures contributing to the inexorable development of our modern understanding of information, including Charles Babbage, Ada Byron, Samuel Morse, Alan Turing, and Claude Shannon.

Content

Drums that talk -- Persistence of the word -- Two wordbooks -- To throw the powers of thought into wheel-work -- A nervous system for the Earth -- New wires, new logic -- Information theory -- The informational turn -- Entropy and its demons -- Life's own code -- Into the meme pool -- The sense of randomness -- Information is physical -- After the flood -- New news every day.

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Abstract

Thanks to modern technological advances, we now enjoy seemingly unlimited access to information. Yet how did information become so central to our everyday lives, and how did its processing and storage make our data-driven era possible? This volume is the first to consider these questions in comprehensive detail, tracing the global emergence of information practices, technologies, and more, from the premodern era to the present. With entries spanning archivists to algorithms and scribes to surveilling, this is the ultimate reference on how information has shaped and been shaped by societies.
Written by an international team of experts (including Jeremy Adelman, Lorraine Daston, Devin Fitzgerald, John-Paul Ghobrial, Lisa Gitelman, Earle Havens, Randolph C. Head, Niv Horesh, Sarah Igo, Richard R. John, Lauren Kassell, Pamela Long, Erin McGuirl, David McKitterick, Elias Muhanna, Thomas S. Mullaney, Carla Nappi, Craig Robertson, Daniel Rosenberg, Neil Safier, Haun Saussy, Will Slauter, Jacob Soll, Heidi Tworek, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Alexandra Walsham), the book's inspired and original long- and short-form contributions reconstruct the rise of human approaches to creating, managing, and sharing facts and knowledge. Thirteen full-length chapters discuss the role of information in pivotal epochs and regions, with chief emphasis on Europe and North America, but also substantive treatment of other parts of the world as well as current global interconnections. More than 100 alphabetical entries follow, focusing on specific tools, methods, and concepts?from ancient coins to the office memo, and censorship to plagiarism. The result is a wide-ranging, deeply immersive collection that will appeal to anyone drawn to the story behind our modern mania for an informed existence.

Content

Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- Alphabetical List of Entries -- Thematic List of Entries -- Contributors -- PART ONE -- 1. Premodern Regimes and Practices -- 2. Realms of Information in the Medieval Islamic World -- 3. Information in Early Modern East Asia -- 4. Information in Early Modern Europe -- 5. Networks and the Making of a Connected World in the Sixteenth Century -- 6. Records, Secretaries, and the European Information State, circa 1400-1700 -- 7. Periodicals and the Commercialization of Information in the Early Modern Era -- 8. Documents, Empire, and Capitalism in the Nineteenth Century -- 9. Nineteenth-Century Media Technologies -- 10. Networking: Information Circles the Modern World -- 11. Publicity, Propaganda, and Public Opinion: From the Titanic Disaster to the Hungarian Uprising -- 12. Communication, Computation, and Information -- 13. Search -- PART TWO -- Alphabetical Entries -- Glossary -- Index.

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Abstract

Die beiden Leitbegriffe des Titels - Buchtitel zugleich einschlägiger Werke - bezeichnen eine Alternative in der frühneuzeitlichen Speicherung und Vermittlung von Wissen: die möglichst umfassende Thesaurierung überkommener Wissensbestände beziehungsweise ihre kritische Sichtung und Auswahl unter bestimmten Relevanzgesichtspunkten. Der eine Titel stammt von dem Zürcher Polyhistor Konrad Gessner, der andere von dem Jesuiten Antonio Possevino. Voraussetzung beider Unternehmen ist der Buchdruck, der etwa hundert Jahre nach seiner Erfindung in bis dahin unerhörtem Ausmaß Schrifttradition zugänglich gemacht hat, aber durch die schiere Quantität zunehmend Strategien zu ihrer Sicherung und Nutzbarmachung verlangt. Der Bibliotheca universalis wie der Bibliotheca selecta geht es um Orientierung in einem immer unübersichtlicheren Bestand schriftlich tradierten Wissens, der den Wissensfortschritt zu behindern droht. Beide haben also nicht wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis selbst, sondern ihre Vermittlung zum Ziel, und sie wollen kein System des Wißbaren entwerfen, sondern auf der Basis hergebrachter Ordnungen des Wissens den Leser dazu anleiten, sich in jenem Bestand zurechtzufinden. Es ist ein erster Vorzug dieser Münchner Dissertation, daß sie dieses Problem rekonstruiert, so daß das frühneuzeitliche Projekt der Bibliothek nicht mehr am falschen Maßstab der Enzyklopädie als Summe des Wißbaren gemessen wird.