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Brandom, R.B.: Expressive Vernunft : Begründung, Repräsentation und diskursive Festlegung (2000)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Frankfurter Rundschau Nr.141 vom 20.6.2000, S.22 (J. Habermas)
- Year
- 2000
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Bewußtsein : philosophische Beiträge. Tagung über Geist und Bewußtsein - Zur Klärung einer strittigen Beziehung, 1994 Bad Homburg v. d. Höhe (1996)
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Chalmers, D.J.: Constructing the world (2012)
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- Abstract
- David J. Chalmers constructs a highly ambitious and original picture of the world, from a few basic elements. He develops and extends Rudolf Carnap's attempt to do the same in Der Logische Aufbau Der Welt (1928). Carnap gave a blueprint for describing the entire world using a limited vocabulary, so that all truths about the world could be derived from that description--but his Aufbau is often seen as a noble failure. In Constructing the World, Chalmers argues that something like the Aufbau project can succeed. With the right vocabulary and the right derivation relation, we can indeed construct the world. The focal point of Chalmers's project is scrutability: roughly, the thesis that ideal reasoning from a limited class of basic truths yields all truths about the world. Chalmers first argues for the scrutability thesis and then considers how small the base can be. All this can be seen as a project in metaphysical epistemology: epistemology in service of a global picture of the world and of our conception thereof. The scrutability framework has ramifications throughout philosophy. Using it, Chalmers defends a broadly Fregean approach to meaning, argues for an internalist approach to the contents of thought, and rebuts W. V. Quine's arguments against the analytic and the a priori. He also uses scrutability to analyze the unity of science, to defend a conceptual approach to metaphysics, and to mount a structuralist response to skepticism. Based on Chalmers's 2010 John Locke lectures, Constructing the World opens up debate on central areas of philosophy including philosophy of language, consciousness, knowledge, and reality. This major work by a leading philosopher will appeal to philosophers in all areas.
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Chalmers, D.J.: ¬The conscious mind : in search of a fundamental theory (1996)
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- Abstract
- What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
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Damasio, A.R.: Ich fühle, also bin ich : Die Entschlüsselung des Bewusstseins (2000)
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- Footnote
- Originaltitel: Feeling of what happens. Vgl. die Besprechung dazu in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2000, H.7, S.106-107 (T. Metzinger)
- Year
- 2000
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Universalien und Konstruktivismus (2001)
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- Series
- Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaft; 1504)(Delfin ; 2000
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Blackmore, S.J.: Gespräche über Bewußtsein (2012)
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- Abstract
- Im Frühjahr 2000 begann Susan Blackmore, Material für ein Radiofeature zum Thema Bewußtsein zu sammeln. Die Sendung kam nie zustande, aber die Idee, sich einem der großen Rätsel der menschlichen Existenz in Gesprächen zu nähern, ließ sie nicht mehr los. So entstanden zwanzig Interviews mit Philosophen und Naturwissenschaftlern, der Crème de la Crème der internationalen Bewußtseinsforschung, die hier Rede und Antwort steht. David Chalmers zum Beispiel, der erklärt, warum das Bewußtsein ein solch schwieriges Problem ist, oder Susan Greenfield, der zufolge man schon bei Sophokles und Euripides Interessantes über Willensfreiheit lernen kann. Francisco Varela spricht über Zombies, Roger Penrose über John Searle, John Searle über Immanuel Kant. Wir erfahren von Vilayanur Ramachandran, warum er nicht meditiert, und von Thomas Metzinger, inwiefern das bewußte Selbst eine Illusion ist. Und im letzten Interview vor seinem Tod rekapituliert Francis Crick seinen Weg von der Genetik zur Bewußtseinsforschung. Es geht um den Geist und um die Gene, um das Gehirn und die Gefühle, aber auch um Quantenprozesse und Träume, Descartes und Shiva, Kabbala und Drogenpolitik - und nicht zuletzt um Forscherkarrieren und Lebensträume.
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Konstruktivismus und Kognitionswissenschaft : Kulturelle Wurzeln und Ergebnisse. Heinz von Foerster gewidmet (2001)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Albert Müller/Karl H. Müller/Friedrich Stadler, Konstruktivismus und Kognitivismus - Versuchsstationen für "Parallelaktionen".- Karl H. Müller, "Wittgensteins Neffe".- Ernst von Glasersfeld/Edith Ackermann, Dialoge - Heinz von Foerster, zum 89. Geburtstag.- Gerhard Grössing, Die Beobachtung von Quantensystemen.- Alexander Riegler, Ein kybernetisch-konstruktivistisches Modell der Kognition.- Peter Baumgartner/Sabine Payr, Erfinden lernen.- Christiane Floyd, Das Mögliche ermöglichen: Zur Praxis der Realitätskonstruktion am Beispiel Softwareentwicklung.- Karin Knorr-Cetina, Konstruktivismus in der Soziologie.- Gebhard Rusch, Die Wirklichkeit der Geschichte - Dimensionen historiografischer Konstruktion.- Siegfried Schmidt, Kultur und Kontingenz: Lehren des Beobachters.- Peter Weibel, Kunst als soziale Konstruktion.- Epilog: Nikola Bock, "Tanz mit der Welt"; Albert Müller/Karl H. Müller, Interview mit Heinz von Foerster.- Anhang: Heinz von Foerster: Bibliografie (1943-2000)
