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Abstract

Mit dem Eintritt ins digitale Zeitalter befinden wir uns an einer Medienschwelle, an der sich die Bedingungen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses tiefgreifend verändern. Während die Verwaltung von Daten immer leichter wird, geht die Haltbarkeit der Datenträger drastisch zurück. Papyri konnten im Wüstensand Jahrtausende überdauern, Bücher halten einige Jahrhunderte, Taschenbücher einige Jahrzehnte, Disketten nur noch einige Jahre. Wie wird sich das kulturelle Gedächtnis in Zukunft gestalten, wenn die Speichermedien immer kürzeren Verfallsdaten unterliegen? Unter solchen Umständen wird das Bewußtsein für die Vorkehrungen geschärft, die in der Kultur für die Konservierung und Bereitstellung vergangenen Wissens aufgewendet worden sind. Woher kommt das Interesse am Aufbau von Erinnerungsräumen, der ein wichtiges Ziel kultureller Anstrengungen ist? Wie werden Erinnerungen, die doch zunächst immer individuelle Erinnerungen sind, zu allgemein verbindlichen? Wie geht man mit solchen Erinnerungen um - nutzt man sie zur Bestätigung der Gegenwart, zum Anstoß einer Erneuerung oder zur Relativierung des eigenen Standpunktes? Und welche Rolle spielen dabei die Medien der Erinnerung; wie wirken sich der Medienwechsel des Buchdrucks, der Photographie, der elektronischen Aufzeichnung auf die Gestalt und Qualität kultureller Erinnerungsräume aus? Da diese kulturwissenschaftliche Fragestellung die Zusammenführung einer weitgestreuten Spezialforschung nötig macht, werden die Grenzen der Nationen, Epochen, Künste und Disziplinen unbeirrt überschritten. Und obwohl literarische Texte im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen, kommen ebenso historische, kunsthistorische, philosophische und psychologische Fragen zur Sprache.

Classification

Kul A 91 / Gedächtniskultur

SBB

Kul A 91 / Gedächtniskultur

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Issue

2. Aufl. Aus dem Franz. von Lutz Geldsetzer.

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Abstract

Was wir früher einfach mit dem Kopf gemacht haben, wird heute von Computern, Smartphones, Organizern und Navis erledigt. Das birgt immense Gefahren, so der renommierte Gehirnforscher Manfred Spitzer.

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Content

G. Gainotti, M.C. Silveri, A. Daniele, L. Giustolisi, Neuroanatomical Correlates of Category-specific Semantic Disorders: A Critical Survey. J. S. Snowden, H. L. Griffiths, D. Neary, Autobiographical Experience and Word Meaning. L. Cipolotti, E.K. Warrington, Towards a Unitary Account of Access Dysphasia: A Single Case Study. E. Forde, G.W. Humphreys, Refractory Semantics in Global Aphasia: On Semantic Organisation and the Access-Storage Distinction in Neuropsychology. A. E. Hillis, A. Caramazza, The Compositionality of Lexical Semantic Representations: Clues from Semantic Errors in Object Naming. H.E. Moss, L.K. Tyler, Investigating Semantic Memory Impairments: The Contribution of Semantic Priming. K.R. Laws, S.A. Humber, D.J.C. Ramsey, R.A. McCarthy, Probing Sensory and Associative Semantics for Animals and Objects in Normal Subjects. K.R. Laws, J.J. Evans, J. R. Hodges, R.A. McCarthy, Naming without Knowing and Appearance without Associations: Evidence for Constructive Processes in Semantic Memory? J. Powell, J. Davidoff, Selective Impairments of Object-knowledge in a Case of Acquired Cortical Blindness. J.R. Hodges, N. Graham, K. Patterson, Charting the Progression in Semantic Dementia: Implications for the Organisation of Semantic Memory. E. Funnell, Objects and Properties: A Study of the Breakdown of Semantic Memory. L.J. Tippett, S. McAuliffe, M. J. Farrar, Preservation of Categorical Knowledge in Alzheimer's Disease: A Computational Account. G. W. Humphreys, C. Lamote, T.J. Lloyd-Jones, An Interactive Activation Approach to Object Processing: Effects of Structural Similarity, Name Frequency, and Task in Normality and Pathology.

Footnote

This book is also a double special issue of the journal Memory which forms Issues 3 and 4 of Volume 3 (1995).

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Abstract

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies. The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments. Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.

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Abstract

Cognitive load theory (CLT) is one of the most important theories in educational psychology, a highly effective guide for the design of multimedia and other learning materials. This edited volume brings together the most prolific researchers from around the world who study various aspects of cognitive load to discuss its current theoretical as well as practical issues. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes the theoretical foundations and assumptions of CLT, the second discusses the empirical findings about the application of CLT to the design of learning environments, and the third part concludes the book with discussions and suggestions for new directions for future research. It aims to become the standard handbook in CLT for researchers and graduate students in psychology, education, and educational technology.