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Abstract

The aim of this book is to highlight the relationship between knowledge representation and language in artificial intelligence, and in particular on the way in which the choice of representation influences the language used to discuss a problem - and vice versa. Opening with a discussion of knowledge representation methods, and following this with a look at reasoning methods, the author begins to make his case for the intimate relationship between language and representation. He shows how each representation method fits particularly well with some reasoning methods and less so with others, using specific languages as examples. The question of representation change, an important and complex issue about which very little is known, is addressed. Dr Hodgson gathers together recent work on problem solving, showing how, in some cases, it has been possible to use representation changes to recast problems into a language that makes them easier to solve. The author maintains throughout that the relationships that this book explores lie at the heart of the construction of large systems, examining a number of the current large AI systems from the viewpoint of representation and language to prove his point.

Classification

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

RVK

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

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Classification

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

RVK

ST 285 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Groupware

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Footnote

Rez. unter: spektrum.de (07.12.2018), https://www.spektrum.de/rezension/buckritik-zu-soziale-kognition-zur-einfuehrung/1609234 (Ayan, Steve: "Im Kopf der anderen"): "Kennen Sie »Legilimentik«? Dies ist die Bezeichnung für Lord Voldemorts Fähigkeit, »in die Köpfe seiner Opfer einzudringen«. Wir sprechen hier, klar, von der fiktionalen Welt in J. K. Rowlings »Harry Potter«, doch der Bochumer Neurophilosoph Tobias Schlicht benutzt dieses Beispiel, um auf die geradezu magische Kraft des Gedankenlesens hinzuweisen. Wir sind laufend dabei, uns in die mentalen Zustände - Gedanken, Erwartungen, Absichten, Gefühle und Einstellungen - unserer Mitmenschen einzufinden, und was wir dabei entdecken, prägt auch unser eigenes Selbstbild zutiefst. Ausgehend von dieser Erkenntnis, die in der Neurowissenschaft in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit erregte, stellt Schlicht die wichtigsten theoretischen Ansätze zur Erklärung dieses Phänomens dar. Für alle an Hirnforschung, Psychologie und der Philosophie des Geistes Interessierte gibt der Autor einen ebenso gut lesbaren wie fundierten Überblick zu einem Feld, das viele verschiedene Namen trägt: Gedankenlesen, Fremdverstehen, Mentalisieren, Theory of Mind (ToM) sind nur die verbreitetsten. Im Dickicht der Fachbegriffe verliert man schon mal leicht den Überblick. Schlicht stellt grob zwei Gruppen von Modellen einander gegenüber: repräsentationistische Ansätze, die davon ausgehen, dass wir eine relativ feste, neuronal manifestierbare Abbildung oder Repräsen­tation unseres Gegenübers bilden, sowie enaktivistische Theorien, die davon ausgehen, dass es statt solcher Repräsentationen eher flexible Simulationen und andere Formen der Koaktivierung der zu Grunde liegenden Bedeutungsmuster gibt."