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Abstract

Im Zeitalter der elektronischen Medien ist "Information" zu einem schillernden Schlagwort geworden. Sie legt die Basis für Entscheidungsprozesse und bestimmt unser Denken und Handeln. Doch was ist Information und wie funktioniert sie? Das Buch stellt das Thema erstmals aus der Sicht der Informationstheorie, der Wahrnehmung, des Denkens und der Sprache dar. Auf interdisziplinärer Ebene wird der Informationsbegriff erarbeitet. Wie erlangen Daten Sinn und Bedeutung? Das Werk behandelt die Natur der Informationsflüsse und diskutiert die Rolle des Kontextes. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Abbildungen unterstützen die Erläuterungen. Anhand des Japanischen wird der dramatische Einfluß des sprachlichen Kontextes auf die inhaltliche Interpretation verdeutlicht. Der Leser erhält Einblicke in die Mechanismen der Informationsflüsse und kann damit rascher die richtigen Entscheidungen treffen. Er vermeidet Mißverständnisse, indem er die Rolle des Zusammenhangs in seinen Denkprozessen beachtet.

Content

Absolute und relative Perspektiven: Die Sterne des Orion; Babylonische Informationsverwirrungen; Eine Navigationshilfe.- Information: Informationsparadigmen; Information in der Nachrichtentechnik; Signale, Daten, Information und Wissen; Information und Bedeutung.- Konnektionistische Modelle: Ein konnektionistisches Informationsmodell; Informationsfluß im Netzmodell.- Wissen: Definition von Wissen; Klassifizierung von Wissen; Wissensrepräsentation.- Wahrnehmung und Denken: Kognition; Paradigmen und Modelle; Wahrnehmung; Kognitive Systeme und Kontext; Denken.- Kontext: Was ist Kontext?; Eine Kontext-Metapher; Die Logik und HOLMES; Das Konzept ist(c, p).- Sprache: Die sprachliche Dimension; Struktur der Sprache; Sprache als Medium der Information; Sprache und Kontext 1: Air Traffic Control; Sprache und Kontext 2: Japanisch. - Enthält Abschnitte zu: Kommunikation; Medien; Medienwissenschaft; Kognitionswissenschaft; Informatik; Wirtschaft

Date

22. 3.2008 14:53:43

RSWK

Information / Kognitionswissenschaft
Information / Wissen / Kognition / Kommunikation (BVB)

Subject

Information / Kognitionswissenschaft
Information / Wissen / Kognition / Kommunikation (BVB)

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Knowledge and Inference discusses an important problem for software systems: How do we treat knowledge and ideas on a computer and how do we use inference to solve problems on a computer? The book talks about the problems of knowledge and inference for the purpose of merging artificial intelligence and library science. The book begins by clarifying the concept of ""knowledge"" from many points of view, followed by a chapter on the current state of library science and the place of artificial intelligence in library science. Subsequent chapters cover central topics in the artificial intelligence: search and problem solving, methods of making proofs, and the use of knowledge in looking for a proof. There is also a discussion of how to use the knowledge system. The final chapter describes a popular expert system. It describes tools for building expert systems using an example based on Expert Systems-A Practical Introduction by P. Sell (Macmillian, 1985). This type of software is called an ""expert system shell."" This book was written as a textbook for undergraduate students covering only the basics but explaining as much detail as possible.

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Content

"A dizzying display of intellect and wild imaginings by Moravec, a world-class roboticist who has himself developed clever beasts . . . Undeniably, Moravec comes across as a highly knowledgeable and creative talent-which is just what the field needs" - Kirkus Reviews.

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Theme

Information

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Content

Vgl. auch die Standpunkte in: Collins, H.M.: A review of Hubert Dreyfus' What computers still can't do in: Artificial intelligence 80(1996) no.1, S.99-191.