Search (43 results, page 2 of 3)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Benutzerstudien"
  • × theme_ss:"Informationsdienstleistungen"
  1. Palmquist, R.A.; Kim, K.-S.: Modeling the users of information systems : some theories and methods (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Examines some of the theories that have evolved to explain the mental processes required for the use of information systems. Categorizes research in this area into system oriented and user oriented studies and reviews this research. Describes a sample of methodologies used for examining users and their information seeking behaviour. Concludes with a discussion of the implications of these theories and methods for librarians and information specialists
    Type
    a
  2. Kuhlthau, C.C.: Longitudinal case studies of the information search process of users in libraries (1988) 0.00 
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    Type
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  3. Davis, P.M.: Information-seeking behavior of chemists : a transaction log analysis of referral URLs (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This study reports an analysis of referral URL data by the Cornell University IP address from the American Chemical Society servers. The goal of this work is to better understand the tools used and pathways taken when scientists connect to electronic journals. While various methods of referral were identified in this study, most individuals were referred infrequently and followed few and consistent pathways each time they connected. The relationship between the number and types of referrals followed an inverse-square law. Whereas the majority of referrals came from established finding tools (library catalog, library e-journal list, and bibliographic databases), a substantial number of referrals originated from generic Web searches. Scientists are also relying an local alternatives or substitutes such as departmental or personal Web pages with lists of linked publications. The use of electronic mail as a method to refer scientists directly to online articles may be greatly underestimated. Implications for the development of redundant library services such as e-journal lists and the practice of publishers to allow linking from other resources are discussed.
    Type
    a
  4. Rowley, J.; Urquhart, C.: Understanding student information behavior in relation to electronic information services : lessons from longitudinal monitoring and evaluation, part 2 (2007) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This second part of a two-part article establishes a model of the mediating factors that influence student information behavior concerning the electronic or digital information sources used to support learning. This part discusses the findings of the Joint Information Systems Committee User Behavior Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (1999-2004) and development of a model that includes both the individual (micro) and organizational (macro) factors affecting student information behavior. The macro factors are information resource design, information and learning technology infrastructure, availability and constraints to access, policies and funding, and organizational leadership and culture. The micro factors are information literacy, academics' information behavior, search strategies, discipline and curriculum, support and training, and pedagogy. We conclude that the mediating factors interact in unexpected ways and that further research is needed to clarify how those interactions, particularly between the macro and micro factors, operate.
    Type
    a
  5. Jamali, H.R.; Nicholas, D.: Information-seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers (2008) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The study aims to examines two aspects of information seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers including methods applied for keeping up-to-date and methods used for finding articles. The relationship between academic status and research field of users with their information seeking behaviour was investigated. Design/methodology/approach - Data were gathered using a questionnaire survey of PhD students and staff of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London; 114 people (47.1 per cent response rate) participated in the survey. Findings - The study reveals differences among subfields of physics and astronomy in terms of information-seeking behaviour, highlights the need for and the value of looking at narrower subject communities within disciplines for a deeper understanding of the information behaviour of scientists. Originality/value - The study is the first to deeply investigate intradisciplinary dissimilarities of information-seeking behaviour of scientists in a discipline. It is also an up-to-date account of information seeking behaviour of physicists and astronomers.
    Type
    a
  6. Smith, C.L.: Domain-independent search expertise : a description of procedural knowledge gained during guided instruction (2015) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This longitudinal study examined the search behavior of 10 students as they completed assigned exercises for an online professional course in expert searching. The research objective was to identify, describe, and hypothesize about features of the behavior that are indicative of procedural knowledge gained during guided instruction. Log-data of search interaction were coded using a conceptual framework focused on components of search practice hypothesized to organize an expert searcher's attention during search. The coded data were analyzed using a measure of pointwise mutual information and state-transition analysis. Results of the study provide important insight for future investigation of domain-independent search expertise and for the design of systems that assist searchers in gaining expertise.
    Type
    a
  7. Murfin, M.E.: Evaluation of reference service by user report of success (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The history of user evaluation of reference service is traced and related to other methods of reference evaluation, including librarian self report of success, behavioral guidelines, and ubobtrusive observation. The evidence to be derived from presently available user evaluations is considered in the light of criteria for a reference evaluation instrument. Concludes that reference success cannot be explained by any one group of factors, and that the best evaluation will utilize many methods
    Type
    a
  8. Barry, C.: Information-seeking in an advanced IT culture : a case study (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of the Information Access Project, funded by King's College London and the British Library, Research and Development Department, set up to examine the effects of information technology, the electronic library and the Internet on the information seeking behaviour and research behaviour of academics in higher education. The project studied a team of theoretical physicists over 2 years using a qualitative, context situation, user centred methodology. Electronic resources, primarily electronic bulletin boards and electronic mail, were used to access information in 80% of the 48 research projects, ususally in conjunction with traditional methods. Discusses the changes in information activity, changed boundaries and speeding up of the work of the research community; increased visibility for researchers; formalization of the preprint process; replacement of formal with informal peer review; improved access to more current information; and the demise in the use of libraries. Drawbacks reported include: limitations of electronic mail communication; information overload; limitations of reliance on single information sources in terms of their focus; and the reduction in creative active information seeking. The main electronic information source for the high energy physicists, used in the study, was the High Energy Physics Theory (HEPTH) pre-print bulletin board: a service designed to provide rapid access to written research information available before it is published in periodical form
    Type
    a
  9. He, P.W.; Jacobson, T.E.: What are they doing with the Internet? : A study of user information seeking behaviors (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a survey, conducted by the State University of New York and Albany Library, to investigate the effects of gender, college status and prior Internet experience on the use of Internet resources. The subjects were 96 randomly selected users using the library's Internet terminals during the first 2 months of 1995. The majority of users were found to share the following characteristics: male undergraduates affiliated with the social sciences; and novice users who have less than 6 months experience. Respondents felt strongly that the Internet is useful, and has been an important resource for their research and assignment. Users have high expectations of searching capabilities, while they feel neutral or disappointed with browsing. Results indicate that libraries should provide access to the Internet and suggest that libraries should take the lead in developing searchable indexes and making databases better organized for the ease and effectiveness of browsing
    Type
    a
  10. Nordlie, R.: Unmediated and mediated information saerching in the public library (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports a study of 40 audiotaped reference interactions between librarians and public library users. Analyzes the data to identify patterns of interaction, with a focus on users' problem formulation, librarians' elicitation of information from the user, unsolicited information provided by the users and the effect of these factors for the outcome of the interaction. Compares the results with studies of public library user behaviour in unassisted online catalogue searches. Users' initial query formulations are similar in the 2 situations. In the mediated searches, ambiguities are resolved and users' information needs are determined while interacting with the material on the shelf. Replication of this functionality in the online catalogue's interaction with the user would solve many problems in unassisted end user searches
    Type
    a
  11. Shenton, A.K.: Information-seeking research in schools : opportunities and pitfalls (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Much of the research conducted into young people's information seeking has taken place in schools. These organisations afford access to hundreds of diverse youngsters. They are accessible, and pupils are effectively pre-classified for the researcher. Factors within a school that may affect information-seeking behaviour can be explored. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to secure all appropriate permissions for the work. The timing of data collection can be problematic and the pupil population may not include all groups of interest. The investigator must also decide on the method(s) used for collecting data from the youngsters. Several lend themselves to developing an understanding of how far the individuals under scrutiny use particular sources, systems or organisations. Others are more effective for exploring the strategies inquirers employ when exploiting materials. The investigator must select the method that appears best equipped to deliver a satisfactory answer to the research question.
    Type
    a
  12. Niu, X.; Hemminger, B.M.: ¬A study of factors that affect the information-seeking behavior of academic scientists (2012) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In an effort to understand how academic scientists seek information relevant to their research in today's environment of ubiquitous electronic access, a correlation framework is built and regression analysis is applied to the survey results from 2,063 academic researchers in natural science, engineering, and medical science at five research universities in the United States. Previous work has reported descriptive statistics about these scientists' information-seeking behavior. This study extends that work to examine relationships between scientists' information-seeking behaviors and their personal and environmental factors. Several regression models, including the Poisson model, the logit model, and the ordered logit model, are built to interpret the correlation among scientists' behaviors. In addition, exploratory factor analysis is used for data reduction. Overall, many factors were found to affect the specific information-seeking behaviors of scientists, including demographic, psychological, role-related, and environmental factors. Of the factors having an effect, academic position was the most important determinant of information behavior.
    Type
    a
  13. Borlund, P.; Dreier, S.: ¬An investigation of the search behaviour associated with Ingwersen's three types of information needs (2014) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    We report a naturalistic interactive information retrieval (IIR) study of 18 ordinary users in the age of 20-25 who carry out everyday-life information seeking (ELIS) on the Internet with respect to the three types of information needs identified by Ingwersen (1986): the verificative information need (VIN), the conscious topical information need (CIN), and the muddled topical information need (MIN). The searches took place in the private homes of the users in order to ensure as realistic searching as possible. Ingwersen (1996) associates a given search behaviour to each of the three types of information needs, which are analytically deduced, but not yet empirically tested. Thus the objective of the study is to investigate whether empirical data does, or does not, conform to the predictions derived from the three types of information needs. The main conclusion is that the analytically deduced information search behaviour characteristics by Ingwersen are positively corroborated for this group of test participants who search the Internet as part of ELIS.
    Type
    a
  14. Nicholas, D.; Williams, P.; Cole, P.; Martin, H.: ¬The impact of the Internet on information seeking in the Media (2000) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    There is very little qualitative data on what impact the Internet is having on information seeking in the workplace. Using open-ended interviews, questionnaires and observation, the impact of the Internet on the British Media was assessed. The focus was largely on newspapers, with The Guardian being covered in some depth. Over 300 journalists and media librarians were surveyed. It was found that amongst traditional journalists use was light. Poor access to the Internet - and good access to other information resources - were largely the reasons for this. Of the journalists it was mainly the older and more senior journalists and the New Media journalists who used the Internet. Librarians were also significant users. Searching the World Wide Web was the principal Internet activity and use was generally conservative in character. Newspapers and official sites were favoured, and searches were mainly of a fact-checking nature. Email was used on a very limited scale and was not regarded as a serious journalistic tool. Non-users were partly put off by the Internet's potential for overloading them with information and its reputation for producing information of suspect quality. Users generally dismissed these concerns, dealing with potential overload and quality problems largely by using authoritative sites and exploiting the lower quality data where it was needed. Where the Internet has been used it has not been at the expense of other information sources or communication channels, but online hosts seem to be at most risk in the future.
    Type
    a
  15. Heinström, J.: Broad exploration or precise specificity : two basic information seeking patterns among students (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This article investigates whether information seeking patterns can be related to discipline differences, study approaches, and personality traits. A quantitative study of 305 master's thesis students' information behavior found that their information seeking tended to be either exploratory or precise. Statistical analyses showed that inner traits seemed more influential than discipline characteristics an information behavior. Exploration or specificity was manifested in terms of both the level and scope of information students wished to retrieve and the way they searched for it.
    Type
    a
  16. Cooper, L.; Kuhlthau, C.C.: Imagery for constructing meaning in the information search process : a study of middle school students (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    More complex contexts of information seeking require extensive thinking that involves an intellectual leap which carries the user `beyond the information given' (Bruner, 1973) to the construction of something `new'. According to Arnheim (1969) such thinking is directly affected by one's visual perception of the world and he argues that the most productive thinking results from this imagery. The application of visual or mental imagery to the relationships and structure in information seeking situations may be thought of as a constructive strategy for making meaning. This paper explores the use of mental imagery in the constructive process of information seeking. For the individual, the meaning of information is not inherent in the information itself but in his or her perception of it and how it fits into an image of the world or personal construct system (Boulding, 1961; Kelly, 1963). The use of imagery may facilitate a user's mental image of information and its relation to previously acquired knowledge and, thus, also facilitate new construction during the information seeking process. Mental imagery has been found to play an important role in creativity and problem solving. Shepard (1978) argues that some of the most creative thoughts and solutions which humans devise are those which are not confined to expression within linear verbal communication but rather spring from mental imagery that embraces a spatial approach to problem solving. Mental imagery is more concrete and visually constructive in nature than verbal methods of problem solving. This paper explores the role of imagery in the constructive tasks of problem solving and learning in the information seeking process.
    Type
    a
  17. Pelzer, N.L.; Wiese, W.H.; Leysen, J.M.: Library use and information-seeking behavior of veterinary medical students revisited in the electronic environment (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a questionnaire survey, conducted with vetrinary medical students at Iowa State University in 1997, to determine their general use of the Veterinary Medical Library and how they sought information in an electronic environment. Comparisons were made between this study and an ealier study (Bull. MLA 76(1988) no.4, S.328-333). Basic patterns of student activities in the library were found to be unchanged. The 1997 students used the library most frequently for photocopying, office supplies, and studying coursework; and they preferred textbooks and handouts for current information. However, a major shift was seen from the use of print indexes and abstracts in 1987 towards the use of computerized indexes and other electronic resources in 1997. 60% of the students reported using the Internet for current information. Overall use of electronic materials was highest among students receiving the problem based learning method of instruction. Most of the 1997 students indicated that electronic resources would be important for future education needs, particularly the wealth of information and services available on the Internet and WWW
    Type
    a
  18. Yitzhaki, M.; Hammershlag, G.: Accessibility and use of information sources among computer scientists and software engineers in Israel : academy versus industry (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Hypothesizing that workplace significantly affects information-seeking patterns, this study compared accessibility and use of information sources among 233 Israeli computer scientists and software engineers, employed in industry and academy, using a mail questionnaire, which yielded a usable reply rate of 33%. The two groups were found to differ significantly in age, education, seniority, and type of research they performed (basic vs. applied). Printed textbooks, professional journals, and oral discussions with colleagues or experts in the organization were common to both groups, topping almost all lists of accessibility and use. For most information sources, however, the two groups differed significantly and consistently. Printed professional journals as weIl as printed and electronic conference or meeting papers were consistently more accessible and more often used by the academy group, while the industry group reported greater access to and more frequent use of electronic textbooks and trade or promotional literature. In regard to handbooks and standards, in-house technical reports (printed), government technical reports (Internet), librarians and technical specialists (Internet), and oral discussions with supervisors, no significant differences in accessibility were found, but their use by the industry group was much higher. In both groups, accessibility was only partly related to use, and more so among the academy than the industry group.
    Type
    a
  19. Herman, E.: End-users in academia : meeting the information needs of university researchers in an electronic age: Part 2 Innovative information-accessing opportunities and the researcher: user acceptance of IT-based information resources in academia (2001) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper is the second part of a two-part paper, which examines the transition to the electronic information era in academia. Seeks to establish from the published literature to what extent university researchers have accepted, and adapted to, the changes wrought in information activity by seemingly endless technological developments. Within the wider context of the impact of the changing information environment on each of the three clearly discernible components of academic research (the creation of knowledge and standards, the preservation of information, and the communication of knowledge and information to others), disciplinary-rooted differences in the conduct of research and their influence on information needs are identified, and the resulting inter- and intra-individual variations in researchers' information seeking behaviour are explored. Reviewing a large number of studies investigating the integration of electronic media into academic work, an attempt is made to paint the picture of academics' progressively harnessing the new technologies to scholarly information gathering endeavours, with the expressed hope of affording some insight into the directions and basic trends characterising the information activity of university faculty in an increasingly electronic environment.
    Type
    a
  20. Herman, E.: End-users in academia : meeting the information needs of university researchers in an electronic age (2001) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, which examines the transition to the electronic information era in academia. Seeks to establish from the published literature to what extent university researchers have accepted, and adapted to, the changes wrought in information activity by seemingly endless technological developments. Within the wider context of the impact of the changing information environment on each of the three clearly discernible components of academic research (the creation of knowledge and standards, the preservation of information, and the communication of knowledge and information to others), disciplinary-rooted differences in the conduct of research and their influence on information needs are identified, and the resulting inter- and intra- individual variations in researchers' information seeking behaviour are explored. Reviewing a large number of studies investigating the integration of electronic media into academic work, an attempt is made to paint the picture of academics' progressively harnessing the new technologies to scholarly information gathering endeavours, with the expressed hope of affording some insight into the directions and basic trends characterizing the information activity of university faculty in an increasingly electronic environment.
    Type
    a

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