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Abstract

Implementation of recommended design strategies can potentially allow any Web-based learning program to be made accessible to learners who use adaptive technologies. However, one of the greatest barriers to achieving this goal is the lack of authoring tools that support course content developers in adhering to existing accessibility guidelines. In order to ensure universal access, attention must be given to Web pages generated automatically by courseware programs, as well as those uploaded from an external source. Courseware authoring environments could easily include utilities to support developers in making their online resources accessible. This paper will review products recently available on the market using the guidelines published by the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Accessibility Initiative as a framework for analysis.

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Abstract

This article discusses the rapidly emerging field of computer-based assessment for adaptive content in e-learning (National Research Council, 2001), which we call differentiated e-learning. In e-learning products, a variety of assessment approaches are being used for such diverse purposes as adaptive delivery of content, individualizing learning materials, dynamic feedback, cognitive diagnosis, score reporting, and course placement (Gifford, 2001). A recent paper at the General Teaching Council Conference in London, England, on teaching, learning, and accountability described assessment for personalized learning through e-learning products as a quiet revolution taking place in education (Hopkins, 2004). In our study, we examine approaches for the use of assessment evidence in e-learning in four case studies. The products in the case studies were selected for exhibiting at least one exemplary aspect regarding assessment and measurement. The principles of the Berkeley Evaluation & Assessment Research Center Assessment System (Wilson & Sloane, 2000) are used as a framework of analysis for these products with respect to key measurement principles.

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Abstract

Recently, lecture videos have been widely used in e-learning systems. Envisioning intelligent e-learning systems, this article addresses the challenge of information seeking in lecture videos by retrieving relevant video segments based on user queries, through dynamic segmentation of lecture speech text. In the proposed approach, shallow parsing such as part of-speech tagging and noun phrase chunking are used to parse both questions and Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) transcripts. A sliding-window algorithm is proposed to identify the start and ending boundaries of returned segments. Phonetic and partial matching is utilized to correct the errors from automated speech recognition and noun phrase chunking. Furthermore, extra knowledge such as lecture slides is used to facilitate the ASR transcript error correction. The approach also makes use of proximity to approximate the deep parsing and structure match between question and sentences in ASR transcripts. The experimental results showed that both phonetic and partial matching improved the segmentation performance, slides-based ASR transcript correction improves information coverage, and proximity is also effective in improving the overall performance.

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Abstract

The virtual university environment provides librarians with new opportunities to contribute to the educational process. Building on the success of team-teaching a traditional liberal arts core course with composition and communications faculty, librarians and a communications professor worked together to integrate the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) into the online environment. The resulting graduate-level course in multimedia literacy assembled faculty and curriculum resources normally untapped in traditional classrooms. All five information literacy standards covering need, access, evaluation, use and the social, economic, legal, and ethical issues surrounding information use were addressed. Readings and threaded discussions about intellectual property, fair use of copyrighted materials, the evaluation of free and fee-based Web information and Web page design and construction prepared students to work in groups to design and construct Web sites. Students also completed a capstone project in the form of individual Web portfolios, which demonstrated the information and multimedia principles they learned in the class. Assessment of information literacy skills occurred through the analysis of student discussion, evaluative annotations, Web site assignments, perception surveys, and a master's level comprehensive exam question. What was learned in this course will serve as a model for future collaborative partnerships in which faculty and librarians work together to ensure that students who learn from a distance truly master information literacy competencies.

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Abstract

The increasing spread of Internet technology has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the fundamental issues concerning human users in a virtual space. Despite the great degree of navigational freedom, however, not all hypermedia users have the capability to locate information or assimilate internal knowledge. Research findings suggest that this type of problem could be solved if users were able to hold a cognitive overview of the hypermedia structure. How a learner can acquire the correct structural knowledge of online information has become an important factor in learning performance in a hypermedia environment. Variables that might influence learners' abilities in structuring a cognitive overview, such as users' cognitive styles and the different ways of representing information, should be carefully taken into account. The results of this study show that the interactions between information representation approaches and learners' cognitive styles have significant effects on learners' performance in terms of structural knowledge and feelings of disorientation. Learners' performance could decline if a representational approach that contradicts their cognitive style is used. Finally, the results of the present study may apply only when the learner's knowledge level is in the introductory stage. It is not clear how and what type of cognitive styles, as well as information representation approaches, will affect the performance of advanced and expert learners.

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Content

Inhalt: Learning: Basic Processes - Introduction - Basic Information Processes - Integrating Themes - Where do Integrating Themes come From? - Theory Generation and Testing - Learning: Individual Differences - Styles of Learning - Levels of Learning - References - Education - Educational Philosophies and Learning Design - Autonomy and Mediation - Library and Information Science - Standards for Supporting Resource Discovery - Information Seeking and Autonomous Learning - Information Seeking as Conversations - ICT Developments: Resource Discovery - Tools and Techniques to Support Information Seeking and Resource Discovery - Metadata - Ontologies and the Semantic Web - Educational Metadata and Ontologies - ICT Developments: Learning Design And Teaching - Intelligent and Adaptive Tutoring Systems - Learning Environments and Interoperability - General ICT-Based Developments - Educational Opportunities Afforded by ICT Developments - Educational Informatics Systems: Individual Approaches - Metadata-Enabled Learning Resource Discovery - Adaptive Systems for Personalised Resource Discovery - Open Corpus Resource Discovery - From Supplantation to Metacognition - Educational Informatics Systems: Social Approaches - Alternative Pedagogies - Educational Informatics Systems that Learn - Community-Based Learning - Real World Learning - Theory and Practice - Educational Informatics Support for Critical Thinking and Creativity - Making Sense of Research: Generating Useful Real World Knowledge - Going Forward: Research Issues and the Future - Different Perspectives on Educational Informatics Developments - Types Of Evidence - Contingent Dependencies, and Object and Meta Languages - Reality Checking For Quality Control - Towards the Learning Web

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Content

Key Features - Examines the wealth of electronic library resources and the development of e-learning/online learning - Considers the role of the librarian in supporting e-learning/online learning - Provides practical examples for librarians The book is aimed at library managers, electronic resource librarians/ managers, and learner support librarians/managers. Contents The changing information environment - proliferation of electronic resources, grovvth of Internet based subscription sources/electronic journals/ full text services vs bibliographic tools Learning in the digital age - definitions: e-learning, learning technology etc., background/history of e-learning initiatives: higher education and the commercial context, developments in e-learning in higher and further education: growth of managed learning environments/virtual learning environments, common features of commercial software products, distance learning vs on-campus The changing role of the information professional - new rotes: increased need for learner support, importance of information skills training, new skills: web design, managing electronic resources, knowledge of licensing and Copyright issues, information skills within the virtual learning environment Practical problems/linking up systems - authentication/passvvords, linking library catalogues to virtual learning environments, linking e-journals to virtual learning environments, linking Internet resources, importance of customising resources, meta-data/XML Copyright and the licensing of digital resources - text - born digital versus print - digital, the Copyright dearance process, digitisation services, multimedia resources, license agreements Tips for success and conclusions (a librarian's guide to tips for success when becoming involved in these types of initiatives) - designing systems to meet user requirements, collaborating with other support staff Case studies