-
New tools for human translators (1997)
0.02
0.021467676 = product of:
0.042935353 = sum of:
0.042935353 = product of:
0.085870706 = sum of:
0.085870706 = weight(_text_:22 in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.085870706 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Baayen, R.H.; Lieber, H.: Word frequency distributions and lexical semantics (1997)
0.02
0.021467676 = product of:
0.042935353 = sum of:
0.042935353 = product of:
0.085870706 = sum of:
0.085870706 = weight(_text_:22 in 3117) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.085870706 = score(doc=3117,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3117, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3117)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 28. 2.1999 10:48:22
-
Karakos, A.: Greeklish : an experimental interface for automatic transliteration (2003)
0.02
0.018919518 = product of:
0.037839036 = sum of:
0.037839036 = product of:
0.07567807 = sum of:
0.07567807 = weight(_text_:x in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07567807 = score(doc=1820,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.39587647 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- "Transliteration" in linguistics means the system of conveying as nearly as possible by means of one set of letters or characters the pronunciation of the words in languages written and printed in a totally different script. This term may be applied to a transcription in Latin letters of Greek, Hebrew, or the Slavonic languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet. We present in this article Greeklish, a Windows application that automatically produces English to Greek transliteration and back-transliteration (retransliteration). This transliteration is based an an algorithm with a table of associations between the two character sets. This table can be modified by the user so that it can cover personal preferences or formal present and future rules. The novelty of this system is its speed of operation, its simplicity, and its ease of use. Our examples use a Greek to Latin (English) alphabet mapping, but the Greeklish application can easily use any X to Latin mapping, where X is any non-Latin alphabet.
-
Byrne, C.C.; McCracken, S.A.: ¬An adaptive thesaurus employing semantic distance, relational inheritance and nominal compound interpretation for linguistic support of information retrieval (1999)
0.02
0.018400865 = product of:
0.03680173 = sum of:
0.03680173 = product of:
0.07360346 = sum of:
0.07360346 = weight(_text_:22 in 4483) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07360346 = score(doc=4483,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4483, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4483)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 15. 3.2000 10:22:37
-
Boleda, G.; Evert, S.: Multiword expressions : a pain in the neck of lexical semantics (2009)
0.02
0.018400865 = product of:
0.03680173 = sum of:
0.03680173 = product of:
0.07360346 = sum of:
0.07360346 = weight(_text_:22 in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07360346 = score(doc=4888,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 1. 3.2013 14:56:22
-
WordNet : an electronic lexical database (language, speech and communication) (1998)
0.02
0.015607806 = product of:
0.031215612 = sum of:
0.031215612 = product of:
0.062431224 = sum of:
0.062431224 = weight(_text_:x in 2434) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.062431224 = score(doc=2434,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.32658142 = fieldWeight in 2434, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2434)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Isbn
- 0-262-06197-X
-
Hutchins, J.: From first conception to first demonstration : the nascent years of machine translation, 1947-1954. A chronology (1997)
0.02
0.015334055 = product of:
0.03066811 = sum of:
0.03066811 = product of:
0.06133622 = sum of:
0.06133622 = weight(_text_:22 in 1463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06133622 = score(doc=1463,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 1463, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1463)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Lu, K.; Cai, X.; Ajiferuke, I.; Wolfram, D.: Vocabulary size and its effect on topic representation (2017)
0.01
0.013378119 = product of:
0.026756238 = sum of:
0.026756238 = product of:
0.053512476 = sum of:
0.053512476 = weight(_text_:x in 3414) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.053512476 = score(doc=3414,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.27992693 = fieldWeight in 3414, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3414)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Shree, P.: ¬The journey of Open AI GPT models (2020)
0.01
0.013378119 = product of:
0.026756238 = sum of:
0.026756238 = product of:
0.053512476 = sum of:
0.053512476 = weight(_text_:x in 869) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.053512476 = score(doc=869,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.27992693 = fieldWeight in 869, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=869)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Object
- GPT-x
-
Wanner, L.: Lexical choice in text generation and machine translation (1996)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 8521) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=8521,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 8521, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8521)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Riloff, E.: ¬An empirical study of automated dictionary construction for information extraction in three domains (1996)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 6752) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=6752,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 6752, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6752)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 6. 3.1997 16:22:15
-
Basili, R.; Pazienza, M.T.; Velardi, P.: ¬An empirical symbolic approach to natural language processing (1996)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 6753) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=6753,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 6753, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6753)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 6. 3.1997 16:22:15
-
Haas, S.W.: Natural language processing : toward large-scale, robust systems (1996)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 7415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=7415,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 7415, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7415)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of natural language processing updating an earlier review published in ARIST 22(1987). Discusses important developments that have allowed for significant advances in the field of natural language processing: materials and resources; knowledge based systems and statistical approaches; and a strong emphasis on evaluation. Reviews some natural language processing applications and common problems still awaiting solution. Considers closely related applications such as language generation and th egeneration phase of machine translation which face the same problems as natural language processing. Covers natural language methodologies for information retrieval only briefly
-
Way, E.C.: Knowledge representation and metaphor (oder: meaning) (1994)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=771,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 771, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=771)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Footnote
- Bereits 1991 bei Kluwer publiziert // Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.48-49 (O. Sechser)
-
Morris, V.: Automated language identification of bibliographic resources (2020)
0.01
0.012267244 = product of:
0.024534488 = sum of:
0.024534488 = product of:
0.049068976 = sum of:
0.049068976 = weight(_text_:22 in 5749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049068976 = score(doc=5749,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15853201 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5749, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5749)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 2. 3.2020 19:04:22
-
From information to knowledge : conceptual and content analysis by computer (1995)
0.01
0.011148433 = product of:
0.022296866 = sum of:
0.022296866 = product of:
0.044593733 = sum of:
0.044593733 = weight(_text_:x in 5392) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044593733 = score(doc=5392,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.23327245 = fieldWeight in 5392, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5392)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Pages
- X,319 S
-
Hutchins, W.J.; Somers, H.L.: ¬An introduction to machine translation (1992)
0.01
0.011148433 = product of:
0.022296866 = sum of:
0.022296866 = product of:
0.044593733 = sum of:
0.044593733 = weight(_text_:x in 4512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044593733 = score(doc=4512,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.23327245 = fieldWeight in 4512, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4512)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Isbn
- 0-12-362830-X
-
Liu, X.; Croft, W.B.: Statistical language modeling for information retrieval (2004)
0.01
0.011148433 = product of:
0.022296866 = sum of:
0.022296866 = product of:
0.044593733 = sum of:
0.044593733 = weight(_text_:x in 4277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044593733 = score(doc=4277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.23327245 = fieldWeight in 4277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4277)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Peng, F.; Huang, X.: Machine learning for Asian language text classification (2007)
0.01
0.011148433 = product of:
0.022296866 = sum of:
0.022296866 = product of:
0.044593733 = sum of:
0.044593733 = weight(_text_:x in 831) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044593733 = score(doc=831,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.23327245 = fieldWeight in 831, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=831)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Reyes Ayala, B.; Knudson, R.; Chen, J.; Cao, G.; Wang, X.: Metadata records machine translation combining multi-engine outputs with limited parallel data (2018)
0.01
0.011148433 = product of:
0.022296866 = sum of:
0.022296866 = product of:
0.044593733 = sum of:
0.044593733 = weight(_text_:x in 4010) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044593733 = score(doc=4010,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19116588 = queryWeight, product of:
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.045271195 = queryNorm
0.23327245 = fieldWeight in 4010, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.2226825 = idf(docFreq=1761, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4010)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
