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Holm, L.A.: Connectivity and protocols, the technical side : OSI and TCP/IP, FTP, TELNET, SR, ILL, update (1994)
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- Abstract
- Describes a layer model for networks. For each layer, one or more services are defined, and for each service a protocol is specified. 2 OSI application level protocols have been defined for library services: SR and ILL. The underlying layers are supposed to be OSI services, but some implementations are using TCP/IP, and some are using a mixture of OSI and TCP/IP. The systems based directly on TCP/IP can not communicate with those based purely on OSI. Discusses the pros and cons for choosing OSI or TCP/IP. Gateways between the OSI and TCP/IP networks are needed. The ISO protocol SR and the ANSI protocol Z39.50 are both 'search and retrieve' protocols. The SR is almost a subst of Z39.50, but they may become identical in the future. There is only one protocol for interlibrary loan, the ISO ILL protocol. It covers 3 models of interlibrary loan and all services connected with ILL. Other services such as Explain, Scan and Update are presently being discussed in ISO TC 46. Discusses the needs of the library community for network services such as file transfer, remote login, directories and electronic mail
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Hinich, M.J.; Molyneux, R.E.: Predicting information flows in network traffic (2003)
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- Abstract
- Hinich and Molyneux review the literature of internet measurement and note three results consistently to be found in network traffic studies. These are "self-similarity," "long-range dependence," by which is meant that events in one time are correlated with events in a previous time and remain so through longer time periods than expected, and "heavy tails" by which they mean many small connections with low byte counts and a few long connections with large byte counts. The literature also suggests that conventional time series analysis is not helpful for network analysis. Using a single day's traffic at the Berkeley National Labs web server, cumulated TCP flows were collected, log transforms were used with the adding of .01 to all values allowing log transforms of the zero values, and providing a distribution that overcomes the heavy tail problem. However, Hinich's bicorrelation test for nonlinearity using overlapping moving windows found strong evidence of nonlinear structures. Time series analysis assumes linear systems theory and thus additivity and scalability. Spectral analysis should provide large peaks at the lowest frequencies if long range dependence is present since the power spectrum would go to infinity if the frequency goes to zero. This does not occur and so long range dependence must be questioned, at least until it is determined what effect other OSI layers may have on the TCP data.
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Moen, W.: Information retrieval protocols : Z39.50 and Search & Retrieve via URL (2009)
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval (IR) protocols support effective and interoperable intersystem search and retrieval. Although intersystem search methods have been envisioned and under development since the 1970s, it was the Z39.50 IR protocol, first released in 1988, that demonstrated real-world possibilities for such search and retrieval. As the networked information environment changed with the emergence of the World Wide Web, the need for standard IR protocols did not disappear, and one can argue the need is even more compelling given both the visible and invisible Web. A new protocol, based on the experience from Z39.50 but simpler and more comprehensible than Z39.50, is now being used for Web search and retrieval. Search and retrieve via URL (SRU) uses Web technologies and standards resulting in a Web friendly protocol that provides standard search access to existing Z39.50 resources and a wide-range of new non-catalog digital resources. This entry provides both an overview of the two protocols and technical details to understand both. A brief discussion of IR and communications protocols provides background to the specifics of these two IR protocols. Although communication protocols are by their nature technical specifications, this entry focuses on an overview of the functions and capabilities of the protocols. It uses technical concepts and terminology from the protocols to help explain how the protocols work but limits discussion of technical details.
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Lucas, T.A.: Time patterns in remote OPAC use (1993)
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- Abstract
- Expanded hours of access and the reduction of peak system loads are often cited as advantages of remote access to OPACs. This argument is based on the assumption that remote users search OPACs when libraries are closed or when there is low internal use. The study tested this assumption by performing a transactional log analysis of the remote and internal use of the OPAC at the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library. Analysis showed that pateerns of remote and internal use differed greatly. A large part of the remote searching occured when the Research Libraries were closed. Compared to internal searching, remote searching was distributed more evenly over the course of the day and the week. Results show that remote access expands the hours of use of the Online catalogue and has potential to reduce peak system loads at the Research Libraries
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Henry, M.K.; Keenan, L.; Reagan, M.: Search sheets for OPACs on the internet : a selective guide to U.S. OPACs utilizing VT100 emulation (1991)
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-
Low, K.: ABCs of OPACs (1994)
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Hunt, R.: ATM - protocols and architecture (1996)
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¬The new international telecommunications environment : competition, regulation, trade and standards (1996)
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- Abstract
- A special issue devoted to the international telecommunications environment and the new institutional arrangements for the regulation of international telecommunications as well as in standards setting procedures
-
Opacs in the UK : JANET-OPACs (1991)
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- Issue
- A list of interactive library catalogues on Janet ...3 April 1991.
-
Needleman, M.: Z39.50: a review, analysis and some thoughts on the future (2000)
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- Abstract
- This article will examine the Z39.50 Information Retrieval protocol. It will look at some of the history of the protocol, its operation, and some of the major projects that have made use of it. There has been enough written (perhaps too much) about Z39.50 in the last several years so it is not intended to be a tutorial or detailed description of the protocol. The material that will be presented will try and put some context around the discussion. For those readers who are interested in delving into Z39.50 in a more technical manner, references to much of the material that has been written about it over the years will be provided at the end. Finally, the article will conclude with some thoughts on how technology and technological infrastructure have changed in the years since Z39.50 was initially developed and deployed, and where the protocol has so far lived up to its goals, and where it has perhaps failed to meet some of the high expectations that at least some people involved in the Z39.50 community held for it. The article will conclude with some of the author's speculations (and they are really no more than that) of what the future role of Z39.50 is likely to be.
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Millsap, L.; Ferl, T.E.: Search patterns of remote users : an analysis of OPAC transaction logs (1993)
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- Abstract
- The focus of this study is the search behavior of remote users of the University of California MELVYL Library System, an OPAC. Transaction logs from randomly selected remote user search sessions are analyzed. Descriptive data on the number and type of searches, choice of search mode and database, number of retrievals, number and type of errors, and use of system HELP facilities are presented. The search data have been cross-tabulated with demographic data on the same group of remote users, collected through an online survey conducted by the authors. Effectiveness of system usage is discussed. A case mode is made for the desirability of additional heuristics in the catalog portion of the system
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Phifer, L.A.: Tearing down the wall : integrating ISO and Internet management (1994)
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- Abstract
- The rapid growth of the Internet TCP/IP networks has encouraged the deployment of management products based on the Internet's Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). However, many organizations, including most telecommunications service providers, continue to define enterprise management solutions based on ISO/CCITT standard management and underlying Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). Concludes that the key to achieving timely, effective, integrated management is to encourage a transition process aimed away from existing commercial investment in both ISO/CCITT and Internet based management technologies through deployment of common methods and tools which support integration
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Kock, M.d.: Remote users of an online public access catalogue (OPAC) (1993)
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Joy, F.; Murray, R.: ¬The World-Wide Web and Z39.50 : which way for libraries? (1995)
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Peters, T.A.: ¬The online catalog : A critical examination of public use (1991)
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-
Bayer, M.: ¬Die Werbeabteilung ist schneller : Das Internet aus der Steckdose - lange angekündigt - soll nun im Juli starten / schwierige technische Entwicklung (2001)
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Snelson, P.: Relationships between access and use in information systems : remote access to and browsing of online catalogues (1993)
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Maier-Rabler, U.: Austrian information highway initiatives in the stage of disillusionment (1996)
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Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001)
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