Search (29 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Metadata (structured information about an object or collection of objects) is increasingly important to libraries, archives, and museums. And although librarians are familiar with a number of issues that apply to creating and using metadata (e.g., authority control, controlled vocabularies, etc.), the world of metadata is nonetheless different than library cataloging, with its own set of challenges. Therefore, whether you are new to these concepts or quite experienced with classic cataloging, this short (20 pages) introductory paper on metadata can be helpful

Date

10. 9.2004 10:22:40

Imprint

Washington, DC : National Information Standards Organization

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Abstract

A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.

Content

1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons

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Content

Covers: indexing principles and practice; precoordinate indexes; consistency and quality of indexing; types and functions of abstracts; writing an abstract; evaluation theory and practice; approaches used in indexing and abstracting services; indexing enhancement; natural language in information retrieval; indexing and abstracting of imaginative works; databases of images and sound; automatic indexing and abstracting; the future of indexing and abstracting services

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.1, S.144-145 (H. Saggion): "... This volume is a very valuable source of information for not only students and professionals in library and information science but also for individuals and institutions involved in knowledge management and organization activities. Because of its broad coverage of the information science topic, teachers will find the contents of this book useful for courses in the areas of information technology, digital as well as traditional libraries, and information science in general."

Imprint

Champaign, IL : Graduate School of Library and Information Science

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Abstract

The World Wide Web is rapidly filling with more text than anyone could have imagined even a short time ago, but the task of isolating relevant parts of this vast information has become just that much more daunting. Richard Belew brings a cognitive perspective to the study of information retrieval as a discipline within computer science. He introduces the idea of Finding Out About (FDA) as the process of actively seeking out information relevant to a topic of interest and describes its many facets - ranging from creating a good characterization of what the user seeks, to what documents actually mean, to methods of inferring semantic clues about each document, to the problem of evaluating whether our search engines are performing as we have intended. Finding Out About explains how to build the tools that are useful for searching collections of text and other media. In the process it takes a close look at the properties of textual documents that do not become clear until very large collections of them are brought together and shows that the construction of effective search engines requires knowledge of the statistical and mathematical properties of linguistic phenomena, as well as an appreciation for the cognitive foundation we bring to the task as language users. The unique approach of this book is its even handling of the phenomena of both numbers and words, making it accessible to a wide audience. The textbook is usable in both undergraduate and graduate classes on information retrieval, library science, and computational linguistics. The text is accompanied by a CD-ROM that contains a hypertext version of the book, including additional topics and notes not present in the printed edition. In addition, the CD contains the full text of C.J. "Keith" van Rijsbergen's famous textbook, Information Retrieval (now out of print). Many active links from Belew's to van Rijsbergen's hypertexts help to unite the material. Several test corpora and indexing tools are provided, to support the design of your own search engine. Additional exercises using these corpora and code are available to instructors. Also supporting this book is a Web site that will include recent additions to the book, as well as links to sites of new topics and methods.

RSWK

Suchmaschine / World Wide Web / Information Retrieval

Subject

Suchmaschine / World Wide Web / Information Retrieval

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Footnote

Rez. in: BuB 56(2004) H.12, S.743 (H, Meinhardt): "1987 erstmals erschienen und seitdem ein Klassiker unter den Lehrbüchern im Feld der Information Science, liegt nunmehr die dritte, deutlich veränderte Auflage vor. Notwendig geworden war die Überarbeitung vor allem durch die Dynamik im Bereich der Informationstechnologien und deren Auswirkungen sowohl auf die Praxis der Informationsspezialisten wie auch die Disziplin selber. Augenfälligste Veränderung ist denn auch ein neues Kapitel zu »Internet und Informationswissenschaft«. »Chemical librarians« Zunächst einige Worte zu den Autoren, die dem einen oder anderen vielleicht nicht bekannt sind: Brian C. Vickery und Alina Vickery sind beide von ihrer Ausbildung her Chemiker und waren als Ehepartner (Alina Vickery starb Ende 2001) auch beruflich vielfältig gemeinsam tätig. Wie viele Chemiker (man denke nur Eugene Garfield, den Begründer der modernen Szientometrie) sensibilisiert für den Umgang mit enormen Informationsmengen und damit Informationsproblemen, zudem als »chemical librarian« (Brian C. Vickery) und Mitarbeiter von chemischen Fachzeitschriften auch professionell beschäftigt mit Fragen des Fachinformationstransfers, haben sie sich (insbesondere Brian C. Vickery) frühzeitig und kontinuierlich informationswissenschaftlich betätigt. Resultat ist eine Fülle von Publikationen, vor allem zu den Bereichen Indexieren, Klassifizieren, Information Retrieval, auch zur Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation (alle Arbeiten sind im Anhang aufgelistet). Brian C. Vickery war außerdem, das dürfte für Bibliothekare von Interesse sein, als Deputy beim Aufbau der National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLLST) in Boston Spa beteiligt, die ihre Arbeit 1961 aufnahm und 1973 mit in die neu gegründete British Library einging. Und es sei hier schon vorab bemerkt, dass der immer wiederkehrende Bezug von informationswissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen auf die bibliothekarische Praxis ein Vorzug dieses Buches ist.
Ungewohnte Einordnung und Gewichtung Von der Konzeption her ist das Buch am ehesten als eine Art einführendes Handbuch zu beschreiben, das sehr stark Querschnittscharakter hat. Dem entspricht die inhaltlich weit gespannte Gliederung, die die meisten informationswissenschaftlichen Bereiche streift. Die Autoren verfolgen explizit nicht das Ziel, eine Art Manual für die Informationspraxis oder für das Informationsmanagement vorzulegen, sondern versprechen einen Mix aus theoretischer Annäherung und praxisorientierter Handreichung - und enttäuschen damit nicht. Der deutsche Leser, der mit hiesigen Lehrbüchern zur Informationswissenschaft nicht gerade verwöhnt ist und sich in aller Regel aus vielen Quellen Puzzleartig sein Bild von »Informationswissenschaft« zusammenstoppeln muss (eine nach wie vor rühmliche Ausnahme sind die mehrbändigen »Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation«, deren Neuauflage gerade erschienen sind), wird vieles, allerdings in ungewohnter Einordnung und Gewichtung, hier gesammelt vorfinden. Im Einzelnen gehen Vickery auf folgende Bereiche ein: Information und Gesellschaft, Informationstransfer in natürlichen, sozialen, maschinellen Umgebungen, Besonderheiten und Ausprägungen menschlicher Kommunikation und Informationsbedürfnisse, das gesamte Gebiet des Information Retrieval, Wissensrepräsentation, Informationsvermittlung, Informationssysteme und deren Evaluation, Internet und Informationswissenschaft.
Soziologisch geprägt Das alles auf nicht einmal 350 Seiten: Hier kann es also immer nur um ein »Anreißen« gehen, was sich immer wieder, zum Beispiel in den Abschnitten zu Information Retrieval oder zu Formen der Wissensrepräsentation, schmerzhaft bemerkbar macht. Auf Klassifikationen, Thesauri, Formen des Abstracting und so weiter wird so gut wie nicht eingegangen. Hier ist generell zu fragen, ob die Gewichtung, die die Autoren vornehmen, sinnvoll ist. Ihr Ansatz, Informationswissenschaft zu beschreiben als »the study of the communication of information in sociery«, ist ein sehr weiter und findet seinen Niederschlag in überdimensionierten Abschnitten, die stark soziologisch geprägt sind, ohne wirklich erhellend zu sein; dazu sind die Aussagen, zum Beispiel zu Reichweiten von Kommunikation oder zu verschiedenen Kommunikationstypen, zu allgemein. Bedeutsamer, da dieser umfassende Ansatz überhaupt nicht durchgehalten wird, sondern sich immer stärker verengt hin auf Kommunikation von wissenschaftlicher Information, ist jedoch, dass auch dieses Buch letztlich den Eindruck hinterlässt, Informationswissenschaft sei ein Konglomerat miteinander relativ unverbundener Theorien und Bausteine. Dieser Eindruck, der sich beim Lesen auch deshalb immer wieder aufdrängt, weil sowohl die historische EntwicklungderDisziplin nur sehr verknappt (generell USA-zentriert) wie auch die Abgrenzung/Überschneidungzu anderen Wissenschaften wenig thematisiert wird (ganz stark spürbarim Kapitel 3 »Widercontexts of information transfer«), mildert sich etwas durch die sehr verdienstvolle Auflistung von bekannten Informationsspezialisten im Anhang und die Visualisierung der Informationswissenschaft, ihrer Zweige und bedeutender Vertreter, in Form einer Art »Landkarte«.

LCSH

Information science

PRECIS

Information science

Subject

Information science
Information science

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 50(2003) no.1, S.45-46 (L.M. Given): "In her own preface to this work, the author notes her lifelong fascination with classification and order, as well as her more recent captivation with the Internet - a place of "chaos in need of organization" (xi). Sorting out the Web examines current efforts to organize the Web and is well-informed by the author's academic and professional expertise in information organization, information retrieval, and Web development. Although the book's level and tone are particularly relevant to a student audience (or others interested in Web-based subject access at an introductory level), it will also appeal to information professionals developing subject access systems across a range of information contexts. There are six chapters in the book, each describing and analyzing one core concept related to the organization of Web content. All topics are presented in a manner ideal for newcomers to the area, with clear definitions, examples, and visuals that illustrate the principles under discussion. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to developments in information technology, including an historical overview of information services, users' needs, and libraries' responses to the Internet. Chapter two introduces metadata, including core concepts and metadata formats. Throughout this chapter the author presents a number of figures that aptly illustrate the application of metadata in HTML, SGML, and MARC record environments, and the use of metadata tools (e.g., XML, RDF). Chapter three begins with an overview of classification theory and specific schemes, but the author devotes most of the discussion to the application of classification systems in the Web environment (e.g., Dewey, LCC, UDC). Web screen captures illustrate the use of these schemes for information sources posted to sites around the world. The chapter closes with a discussion of the future of classification; this is a particularly useful section as the author presents a listing of core journal and conference venues where new approaches to Web classification are explored. In chapter four, the author extends the discussion of classification to the use of controlled vocabularies. As in the first few chapters, the author first presents core background material, including reasons to use controlled vocabularies and the differences between preand post-coordinate indexing, and then discusses the application of specific vocabularies in the Web environment (e.g., Infomine's use of LCSH). The final section of the chapter explores failure in subject searching and the limitations of controlled vocabularies for the Web. Chapter five discusses one of the most common and fast-growing topics related to subject access an the Web: search engines. The author presents a clear definition of the term that encompasses classified search lists (e.g., Yahoo) and query-based engines (e.g., Alta Vista). In addition to historical background an the development of search engines, Schwartz also examines search service types, features, results, and system performance.
The chapter concludes with an appendix of search tips that even seasoned searchers will appreciate; these tips cover the complete search process, from preparation to the examination of results. Chapter six is appropriately entitled "Around the Corner," as it provides the reader with a glimpse of the future of subject access for the Web. Text mining, visualization, machine-aided indexing, and other topics are raised here to whet the reader's appetite for what is yet to come. As the author herself notes in these final pages, librarians will likely increase the depth of their collaboration with software engineers, knowledge managers and others outside of the traditional library community, and thereby push the boundaries of subject access for the digital world. This final chapter leaves this reviewer wanting a second volume of the book, one that might explore these additional topics, as they evolve over the coming years. One characteristic of any book that addresses trends related to the Internet is how quickly the text becomes dated. However, as the author herself asserts, there are core principles related to subject analysis that stand the test of time, leaving the reader with a text that may be generalized well beyond the publication date. In this, Schwartz's text is similar to other recent publications (e.g., Jakob Nielsen's Web Usability, also published in 2001) that acknowledge the mutability of the Web, and therefore discuss core principles and issues that may be applied as the medium itself evolves. This approach to the writing makes this a useful book for those teaching in the areas of subject analysis, information retrieval and Web development for possible consideration as a course text. Although the websites used here may need to be supplemented with more current examples in the classroom, the core content of the book will be relevant for many years to come. Although one might expect that any book taking subject access as its focus world, itself, be easy to navigate, this is not always the case. In this text, however, readers will be pleased to find that no small detail in content access has been spared. The subject Index is thorough and well-crafted, and the inclusion of an exhaustive author index is particularly useful for quick reference. In addition, the table of contents includes sub-themes for each chapter, and a complete table of figures is provided. While the use of colour figures world greatly enhance the text, all black-andwhite images are clear and sharp, a notable fact given that most of the figures are screen captures of websites or database entries. In addition, the inclusion of comprehensive reference lists at the close of each chapter makes this a highly readable text for students and instructors alike; each section of the book can stand as its own "expert review" of the topic at hand. In both content and structure this text is highly recommended. It certainly meets its intended goal of providing a timely introduction to the methods and problems of subject access in the Web environment, and does so in a way that is readable, interesting and engaging."

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Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.2, S.178-179 (M.-Y. Kan): "In their latest book, Chowdhury and Chowdhury have written an introductory text an digital libraries, primarily targeting "students researching digital libraries as part of information and library science, as well as computer science, courses" (p. xiv). It is an ambitious work that surveys many of the broad topics in digital libraries (DL) while highlighting completed and ongoing DL research in many parts of the world. With the revamping of Library and Information Science (LIS) Curriculums to focus an information technology, many LIS schools are now teaching DL topics either as an independent course or as part of an existing one. Instructors of these courses have in many cases used supplementary texts and compeed readers from journals and conference materials, possibly because they feel that a suitable textbook has yet to be written. A solid, principal textbook for digital libraries is sorely needed to provide a critical, evaluative synthesis of DL literature. It is with this in mind that I believe Introduction to Digital Libraries was written. An introductory text an any Cross-disciplinary topic is bound to have conflicting limitations and expectations from its adherents who come from different backgrounds. This is the rase in the development of DL Curriculum, in which both LIS and computer science schools are actively involved. Compiling a useful secondary source in such Cross-disciplinary areas is challenging; it requires that jargon from each contributing field be carefully explained and respected, while providing thought-provoking material to broaden student perspectives. In my view, the book's breadth certainly encompasses the whole of what an introduction to DL needs, but it is hampered by a lack of focus from catering to such disparate needs. For example, LIS students will need to know which key aspects differentiate digital library metadata from traditional metadata while computer science students will need to learn the basics of vector spare and probabilistic information retrieval. However, the text does not give enough detail an either subject and thus even introductory students will need to go beyond the book and consult primary sources. In this respect, the book's 307 pages of content are too short to do justice to such a broad field of study.
This book covers all of the primary areas in the DL Curriculum as suggested by T. Saracevic and M. Dalbello's (2001) and A. Spink and C. Cool's (1999) D-Lib articles an DL education. In fact, the book's coverage is quite broad; it includes a Superset of recommended topics, offering a chapter an professional issues (recommended in Spink and Cool) as well as three chapters devoted to DL research. The book comes with a comprehensive list of references and an index, allowing readers to easily locate a specific topic or research project of interest. Each chapter also begins with a short outline of the chapter. As an additional plus, the book is quite heavily Cross-referenced, allowing easy navigation across topics. The only drawback with regard to supplementary materials is that it Lacks a glossary that world be a helpful reference to students needing a reference guide to DL terminology. The book's organization is well thought out and each chapter stands independently of the others, facilitating instruction by parts. While not officially delineated into three parts, the book's fifteen chapters are logically organized as such. Chapters 2 and 3 form the first part, which surveys various DLs and DL research initiatives. The second and core part of the book examines the workings of a DL along various dimensions, from its design to its eventual implementation and deployment. The third part brings together extended topics that relate to a deployed DL: its preservation, evaluation, and relationship to the larger social content. Chapter 1 defines digital libraries and discusses the scope of the materials covered in the book. The authors posit that the meaning of digital library is best explained by its sample characteristics rather than by definition, noting that it has largely been shaped by the melding of the research and information professions. This reveals two primary facets of the DL: an "emphasis an digital content" coming from an engineering and computer science perspective as well as an "emphasis an services" coming from library and information professionals (pp. 4-5). The book's organization mirrors this dichotomy, focusing an the core aspects of content in the earlier chapters and retuming to the service perspective in later chapters.
Chapters 5 through 9 discuss the basic facets of DL implementation and use. Chapter 5, entitled "Collection management," distinguishes collection management from collection development. The authors give source selection criteria, distilled from Clayton and Gorman. The text then discusses the characteristics of several digital sources, including CD-ROMs, electronic books, electronic journals, and databases, and elaborates an the distribution and pricing issues involved in each. However, the following chapter an digitization is quite disappointing; 1 feel that its discussion is shallow and short, and offers only a glimpse of the difficulties of this task. The chapter contains a listing of multimedia file formats, which is explained clearly, omitting technical jargon. However, it could be improved by including more details about each fonnat's optimal use. Chapter 7, "Information organization, " surveys several DLs and highlights their adaptation of traditional classification and cataloging techniques. The chapter continues with a brief introduction to metadata, by first defining it and then discussiog major standards: the Dublin Core, the Warwick Framework and EAD. A discussion of markup languages such as SGML, HTML, and XML rounds off the chapter. A more engaging chapter follows. Dealing with information access and user interfaces, it begins by examining information needs and the seeking process, with particular attention to the difficulties of translating search needs into an actual search query. Guidelines for user interface design are presented, distilled from recommendations from Shneiderman, Byrd, and Croft. Some research user interfaces are highlighted to hint at the future of information finding, and major features of browsing and searching interfaces are shown through case studies of a number of DLs. Chapter 9 gives a layman's introduction to the classic models of information retrieval, and is written to emphasize each model's usability and features; the mathematical foundations have entirely been dispensed with. Multimedia retrieval, Z39.50, and issues with OPAC integration are briefly sketched, but details an the approaches to these problems are omitted. A dissatisfying chapter an preservation begins the third part an deployed DLs, which itemizes several preservation projects but does not identify the key points of each project. This weakness is offset by two solid chapters an DL services and social, economic, and legal issues. Here, the writing style of the text is more effective in surveying the pertinent issues. Chowdhury and Chowdhury write, " The importance of [reference] services has grown over time with the introduction of new technologies and services in libraries" (p. 228), emphasizing the central role that reference services have in DLs, and go an to discuss both free and fee-based services, and those housed as part of libraries as well as commercial services. The chapter an social issues examines the digital divide and also gives examples of institutions working to undo the divide: "Blackwells is making all 600 of its journals freely available to institutions within the Russian Federation" (p. 252). Key points in cost-models of electronic publishing and intellectual property rights are also discussed. Chowdhury and Chowdhury mention that "there is no legal deposit law to force the creators of digital information to submit a copy of every work to one or more designated institutions" for preservation (p. 265).
Chapter 13 an DL evaluation merges criteria from traditional library evaluation with criteria from user interface design and information retrieval. Quantitative, macro-evaluation techniques are emphasized, and again, some DL evaluation projects and reports are illustrated. A very brief chapter an the role of librarians in the DL follows, emphasizing that traditional reference skills are paramount to the success of the digital librarian, but that he should also be savvy in Web page and user interface design. A final chapter an research trends in digital libraries seems a bit incoherent. It mentions many of the previous chapters' topics, and would possibly be better organized if written as summary sections and distributed among the other chapters. The book's breadth is quite expansive, touching an both fundamental and advanced topics necessary to a well-rounded DL education. As the book is thoroughly referenced to DL and DL-related research projects, it serves as a useful starting point for those interested in more in depth learning. However, this breadth is also a weakness. In my opinion, the sheer number of research projects and papers surveyed leaves the authors little space to critique and summarize key issues. Many of the case studies are presented as itemized lists and not used to exemplify specific points. I feel that an introductory text should exercise some editorial and evaluative rights to create structure and organization for the uninitiated. Case studies should be carefully Chosen to exemplify the specific issues and differences and strengths highlighted. It is lamentable that in many of the descriptions of research projects, the authors tend to give more historical and funding Background than is necessary and miss out an giving a synthesis of the pertinent details.

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Abstract

This book provides a theoretical and practical explanation of the latest advancements in information retrieval and their application to existing systems. It takes a system approach, discussing all aspects of an IR system. The major difference between this book and the first edition is the addition to this text of descriptions of the automated indexing of multimedia dicuments, as items in information retrieval are now considered to be a combination of text along with graphics, audio, image and video data types. The growth of the Internet and the availability of enormous volumes of data in digital form have necessitated intense interest in techniques to assist the user in locating data

Content

Information Retrieval - Recherchestrategie - Information Retrieval Systeme - Datenbanksysteme - Multimedia - Indexierungsverfahren - Maschinelle Indexierungsverfahren - Clustering - Datenstruktur - Hypertext

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Series

The Kluwer international series on information retrieval; 8

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

For its third edition this standard text on knowledge organization and retrieval has been extensively revised and restructured to accommodate the increased significance of electronic information resources. With the help of many new sections on topics such as information retrieval via the Web, metadata and managing information retrieval systems, the book explains principles relating to hybrid print-based and electronic, networked environments experienced by today's users. Part I, Information Basics, explores the nature of information and knowledge and their incorporation into documents. Part II, Records, focuses specifically on electronic databases for accessing print or electronic media. Part III, Access, explores the range of tools for accessing information resources and covers interfaces, indexing and searching languages, classification, thesauri and catalogue and bibliographic access points. Finally, Part IV, Systems, describes the contexts through which knowledge can be organized and retrieved, including OPACs, the Internet, CD-ROMs, online search services and printed indexes and documents. This book is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge organization for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management and information systems

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1132-1133 (H. Che): "The World Wide Web has been the main source of an important shift in the way people communicate with each other, get information, and conduct business. However, most of the current Web content is only suitable for human consumption. The main obstacle to providing better quality of service is that the meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible. The "Semantic Web" is envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee as a logical extension to the current Web that enables explicit representations of term meaning. It aims to bring the Web to its full potential via the exploration of these machine-processable metadata. To fulfill this, it pros ides some meta languages like RDF, OWL, DAML+OIL, and SHOE for expressing knowledge that has clear, unambiguous meanings. The first steps in searing the Semantic Web into the current Web are successfully underway. In the forthcoming years, these efforts still remain highly focused in the research and development community. In the next phase, the Semantic Web will respond more intelligently to user queries. The first chapter gets started with an excellent introduction to the Semantic Web vision. At first, today's Web is introduced, and problems with some current applications like search engines are also covered. Subsequently, knowledge management. business-to-consumer electronic commerce, business-to-business electronic commerce, and personal agents are used as examples to show the potential requirements for the Semantic Web. Next comes the brief description of the underpinning technologies, including metadata, ontology, logic, and agent. The differences between the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence are also discussed in a later subsection. In section 1.4, the famous "laser-cake" diagram is given to show a layered view of the Semantic Web. From chapter 2, the book starts addressing some of the most important technologies for constructing the Semantic Web. In chapter 2, the authors discuss XML and its related technologies such as namespaces, XPath, and XSLT. XML is a simple, very flexible text format which is often used for the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. The W3C has defined various languages on top of XML, such as RDF. Although this chapter is very well planned and written, many details are not included because of the extensiveness of the XML technologies. Many other books on XML provide more comprehensive coverage.
The next chapter introduces resource description framework (RDF) and RDF schema (RDFS). Unlike XML, RDF provides a foundation for expressing the semantics of dada: it is a standard dada model for machine-processable semantics. Resource description framework schema offers a number of modeling primitives for organizing RDF vocabularies in typed hierarchies. In addition to RDF and RDFS, a query language for RDF, i.e. RQL. is introduced. This chapter and the next chapter are two of the most important chapters in the book. Chapter 4 presents another language called Web Ontology Language (OWL). Because RDFS is quite primitive as a modeling language for the Web, more powerful languages are needed. A richer language. DAML+OIL, is thus proposed as a joint endeavor of the United States and Europe. OWL takes DAML+OIL as the starting point, and aims to be the standardized and broadly accepted ontology language. At the beginning of the chapter, the nontrivial relation with RDF/RDFS is discussed. Then the authors describe the various language elements of OWL in some detail. Moreover, Appendix A contains an abstract OWL syntax. which compresses OWL and makes OWL much easier to read. Chapter 5 covers both monotonic and nonmonotonic rules. Whereas the previous chapter's mainly concentrate on specializations of knowledge representation, this chapter depicts the foundation of knowledge representation and inference. Two examples are also givwn to explain monotonic and non-monotonic rules, respectively. "To get the most out of the chapter. readers had better gain a thorough understanding of predicate logic first. Chapter 6 presents several realistic application scenarios to which the Semantic Web technology can be applied. including horizontal information products at Elsevier, data integration at Audi, skill finding at Swiss Life, a think tank portal at EnerSearch, e-learning. Web services, multimedia collection indexing, online procurement, raid device interoperability. These case studies give us some real feelings about the Semantic Web.

Series

Cooperative information systems

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Abstract

Indexing is an activity which often goes unnoticed and can be taken for granted by reades. Indexing.- The Manual of Good Practice covers all aspects of whole document indexing of books, serial publications, images and sound materials. The book gives the purpose and principles of indexing, and covers areas such as managing the work, technology and other subject specialisms. The Manual takes the reader through the basic principles of indexing an to expert approaches, and therefore has a broad appeal for both indexers and prospective indexers whether they work freelance or in-house.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information Wissenschaft und Praxis 54(2003) H.7, S.440-442 (R. Fugmann): "Das Buch beginnt mit dem Kapitel "Myths about Indexing" und mit der Nennung von weit verbreiteten Irrtümern über das Indexieren, und zwar vorrangig über das Registermachen. Mit einem einzigen Satz ist die Problematik treffend skizziert, welcher das Buch gewidmet ist: "With the development of electronic documents, it has become possible to store very large amounts of information; but storage is not of much use without the capability to retrieve, to convert, transfer and reuse the information". Kritisiert wird die weit verbreitet anzutreffende Ansicht, das Indexieren sei lediglich eine Sache vom "picking out words from the text or naming objects in images and using those words as index headings". Eine solche Arbeitsweise führt jedoch nicht zu Registern, sondern zu Konkordanzen (d.h. zu alphabetischen Fundstellenlisten für Textwörter) und"... is entirely dependent an the words themselves and is not concerned with the ideas behind them". Das Sammeln von Information ist einfach. Aber die (Wieder-) Auffindbarkeit herzustellen muss gelernt werden, wenn mehr ermöglicht werden soll als lediglich das Wiederfinden von Texten, die man in allen Einzelheiten noch genau in Erinnerung behalten hat (known-item searches, questions of recall), die Details der sprachlichen Ausdrucksweise für die gesuchten Begriffe eingeschlossen. Die Verfasserin beschreibt aus ihrer großen praktischen Erfahrung, welche Schritte hierzu auf der gedanklichen und technischen Ebene unternommen werden müssen. Zu den erstgenannten Schritten rechnet die Abtrennung von Details, welche nicht im Index vertreten sein sollten ("unsought terms"), weil sie mit Sicherheit kein Suchziel darstellen werden und als "false friends" zur Überflutung des Suchenden mit Nebensächlichkeiten führen würden, eine Entscheidung, welche nur mit guter Sachkenntnis gefällt werden kann. All Dasjenige hingegen, was in Gegenwart und Zukunft (!) ein sinnvolles Suchziel darstellen könnte und "sufficiently informative" ist, verdient ein Schlagwort im Register. Man lernt auch durch lehrreiche Beispiele, wodurch ein Textwort unbrauchbar für das Register wird, wenn es dort als (schlechtes) Schlagwort erscheint, herausgelöst aus dem interpretierenden Zusammenhang, in welchen es im Text eingebettet gewesen ist. Auch muss die Vieldeutigkeit bereinigt werden, die fast jedem natursprachigen Wort anhaftet. Sonst wird der Suchende beim Nachschlagen allzu oft in die Irre geführt, und zwar um so öfter, je größer ein diesbezüglich unbereinigter Speicher bereits geworden ist.

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Abstract

This is an attempt to simplify the initial study of classification as used for information retrieval. The text adopts a gradual progression from very basic principles, one which should enable the reader to gain a firm grasp of one idea before proceeding to the next.

RSWK

Bibliothek / Information und Dokumentation / Klassifikation

Subject

Bibliothek / Information und Dokumentation / Klassifikation

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Series

Books in library and information science

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Abstract

The fourth edition of this standard student text, "Organizing Knowledge", incorporates extensive revisions reflecting the increasing shift towards a networked and digital information environment, and its impact on documents, information, knowledge, users and managers.Offering a broad-based overview of the approaches and tools used in the structuring and dissemination of knowledge, it is written in an accessible style and well illustrated with figures and examples. The book has been structured into three parts and twelve chapters and has been thoroughly updated throughout.Part I discusses the nature, structuring and description of knowledge. Part II, with its five chapters, lies at the core of the book focusing as it does on access to information. Part III explores different types of knowledge organization systems and considers some of the management issues associated with such systems. Each chapter includes learning objectives, a chapter summary and a list of references for further reading.This is a key introductory text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management.

Footnote

Rez. in: VOEB-Mitt. 61(2008) H.4, S.164-167 (O. Oberhauser): " Dieses nunmehr in vierter Auflage vorliegende Werk ist - vor allem in der angelsächsischen Welt - bereits zu einem Standardlehrtext für Studenten informationswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge geworden. Es zeichnete sich stets durch klaren Aufbau, gute Lesbarkeit und eine bei aller Knappheit doch relativ umfassende Themenbehandlung aus. Der im Titel verwendete Begriff organizing knowledge steht hier ja nicht für mögliche engere Bedeutungen wie etwa Wissensrepräsentation oder gar Klassifikation, sondern für den gesamten Themenbereich information retrieval bzw. information management. Die beiden ersten Auflagen verfasste die versierte und produktive Lehrbuchautorin Jennifer Rowley noch alleine;1 erst bei der dritten Auflage (2000) stand ihr John Farrow (2002 verstorben) als Mitautor zur Seite.2 Inzwischen zur Professorin am Department of Information and Communications der Manchester Metropolitan University avanciert, konnte Rowley nunmehr für die neueste Auflage den ebenfalls als Lehrbuchautor erfahrenen Richard Hartley, Professor am selben Institut und überdies dessen Vorstand, als zweiten Verfasser gewinnen. Wie die Autoren in der Einleitung ausführen, wurde das Buch gegenüber der letzten Auflage stark verändert. Die Neuerungen spiegeln insbesondere die anhaltende Verschiebung hin zu einer vernetzten und digitalen Informationswelt wider, mit allen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung für Dokumente, Information, Wissen, Informationsdienste und Benutzer. Neue bzw. stark überarbeitete Themenbereiche sind u.a. Ontologien und Taxonomien, Informationsverhalten, digitale Bibliotheken, Semantisches Web, Evaluation von Informationssystemen, Authentifizierung und Sicherheit, Veränderungsmanagement. Der Text wurde revidiert und auch, was diverse Standards und Normen betrifft, auf den aktuellen Stand gebracht. Der in der dritten Auflage noch separate Abschnitt über das Internet und seine Anwendungen wurde zugunsten einer Integration dieser Themen in die einzelnen Kapitel aufgelassen. Das Buch wurde neu gegliedert - es weist jetzt zwölf Kapitel auf, die in drei grosse Abschnitte gruppiert sind. Jedes Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Einleitung, in der die beabsichtigten Lehr- bzw. Lernziele vorgestellt werden. Am Kapitelende gibt es jeweils eine Zusammenfassung, einige (Prüfungs-)Fragen zum Stoff sowie eine nicht allzu lange Liste der zitierten bzw. zur Vertiefung empfohlenen Literatur. Diese durchgehende Strukturierung erleichtert die Lektüre und Rezeption der Inhalte und ist m.E. für einen Lehrtext besonders vorteilhaft.

LCSH

Information organization / English / speaking countries

RSWK

Information Retrieval / Einführung
Information Retrieval (BVB)

Subject

Information organization / English / speaking countries
Information Retrieval / Einführung
Information Retrieval (BVB)

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Abstract

This established textbook introduces the essentials of classification as used for information processing. The third edition takes account of developments that have taken place since the second edition was published in 2002. "Classification Made Simple" provides a useful gateway to more advanced works and the study of specific schemes. As an introductory text, it will be invaluable to students of information work and to anyone inside or outside the information profession who needs to understand the manner in which classification can be utilized to facilitate and enhance organisation and retrieval.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 63(2010) H.1, S.143-147 (O. Oberhauser): " ... Kommen wir zur Kritik, die in den letzten Absätzen ansatzweise schon angeklungen ist. Das Anliegen des Buches ist, wie dem ersten Satz der Einleitung zu entnehmen ist, "to simplify the initial study of classification as used for knowledge organisation and information retrieval" (p. xi). Dies ist dem Autor in den ersten Kapiteln wohl auch gelungen. Die Einführung in die beiden Grundtypen - hier facettierte, dort hierarchische Systeme - ist verständlich und für Anfänger zweifellos gut geeignet. In den folgenden Kapiteln beginnt man sich aber zu fragen, wer eigentlich die Zielgruppe des Buches sein mag. Für Anfänger wird vieles zu schwierig sein, da gerade bei den anspruchsvolleren Aspekten der Text zu oberflächlich ist, keine didaktisch befriedigende Darstellung erfolgt und gelegentlich sogar Fachkenntnisse vorausgesetzt werden. Für Praktiker aus dem Bibliothekswesen fehlt vielfach der Bezug zur alltäglichen Realität, da z.B. Probleme der Buchaufstellung allenfalls am Rande zur Sprache kommen. Hochschullehrer, die eine Lehrveranstaltung zu Klassifikationsthemen vorbereiten müssen, werden manches an dem Buch nützlich finden, vielfach aber ob der mangelnden Detailliertheit zu anderen Unterlagen greifen. So bleibt der oder die "an Fragen der Klassifikation Interessierte" - ein undefiniertes und nicht allzu häufig anzutreffendes Wesen, das aber wahrscheinlich auch existiert und hier eine Fülle von Punkten angerissen findet, die zu einer weiteren Recherche in anderen Quellen animieren. Gut gelungen sind die zahlreichen Beispiele, selbst wenn dafür nicht immer sehr glückliche Notationssysteme gewählt wurden. Auch in sprachlicher Hinsicht ist - zumindest in den Anfangskapiteln - nichts zu bemängeln. Dass die beiden letzten Kapitel eher misslungen sind, wurde bereits oben angedeutet. In den übrigen Abschnitten merkt man dem Buch ebenfalls immer wieder an, dass es in seinen Grundzügen aus der Papier- und nicht aus der Online-Zeit stammt. Dennoch will ich nicht über Gebühr lamentieren, schon deshalb, da es gar nicht so viele brauchbare Lehrbücher zu Klassifikationsthemen gibt. Und in diese letztere Kategorie gehört Hunters Text alldieweil."

RSWK

Bibliothek / Klassifikation / Information und Dokumentation

Subject

Bibliothek / Klassifikation / Information und Dokumentation

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Footnote

Offers practitioners and students of library and information science a complete, up-to-date, and practical guide to the world of cataloguing and classification.