Search (215 results, page 1 of 11)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Burke, M.A.: Meaning, multimedia and the Internet : subject retrieval challenges and solutions (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Starts from the premise that meaning is not an intrinsic property of information items. Approaches to 'meaning' in diverse humanities disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and the history of arts and music, are drawn on to enhance the understanding of meaning in the context of multimedia information retrieval on the Internet. The approaches described include philosophy of language and meaning, psychology of language including repertory grids and semantic differential, iconography and levels of meaning, and representation of music. A consistent theme in all these disciplines is the recognition that meaning is context dependent and may be analyzed at a variety of different levels, with nomenclature and number of levels varying across disciplines. Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of searching and retrieval on the Internet with particular emphasis on subject content and meaning. It shows the limitations of searching using the most basic level of meaning, while attempting to cater for a wide diversity of information resources and users. Recommends enhanced retrieval interfaces linked to the needs of specific user groups and the characteristics of specific media on the Internet
    Source
    Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
    Theme
    Information
  2. Kaye, D.: ¬The nature of information (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Presents a wide ranging look at the nature of information and at associated problems and concepts, based on a critical review of the literature of library and information science, organization science, cognitive sciences, communication theory, and other disciplines
    Theme
    Information
  3. Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
    Date
    22. 5.1999 14:51:49
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.6, S.544-552
    Theme
    Information
  4. Lindesay, C.: What price information? (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Considers cost and value issues of information, which are increasingly becoming the concern of a wide range of professions in addition to information and records managers. Explores a variety of ways of valuing information, 2 of which are based on its availability or proximity and the effect of possessing the information. Concludes that whilst putting a price or value on information is very difficult, there must be a value to it, as the effect of not having it can readily be observed
    Theme
    Information
  5. Webb, T.J.: Turning information into knowledge (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The 3rd in a series on the use and abuse of information, focusing on the relative quality of nearly all information, and how to deal with the problems generated by volatility of data. Argues that information should be gathered from a wide range of cultures, and preferably not the same one as the recipients, or the necessary 'relativising background' will not be provided. Looks at some ways to improve the quality and relevance of information routinely provided in business reports, by transforming the data in simple ways
    Source
    Information management report. 1997, Nov, S.8-11
    Theme
    Information
  6. Verdi, M.P.; Kulhavy, R.W.; Stock, W.A.; Rittscho, K.A.; Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text : the influence of structural information on working-memory operations (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In Addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding modell, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system
    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:18:18
    Theme
    Information
  7. Casey, D.D.: Beyond point and click : information literacy for the Web (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Examines the challenge for librarians presented with members of the public wanting to make use of the Internet, who may anticipate that finding information on the WWW is a relative straightforward matter. Looks at the kind of guidance needed in using both the Windows operating system and Web browsers. Points out that users will have to learn how to cope with the frustrations inherent to the current realities of the Internet, and specific problems such as the need for absolute precision when entering Web addresses. Reference interviews may be required to determine whether the Web is the best source for the information sought in a particular instance, to help formulate appropriate search strategies, and evaluate and present the information that users retrieve
    Theme
    Information
  8. Palermiti, R.; Polity, Y.: Desperately seeking user models in information retrieval systems : benefits and limits of cognitivist and marketing approaches (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Presents a comparison of the benefits and limits of 2 different approaches to users of information systems: the cognitivst point of view which tries to perfect man-machine interfaces by using the 'user model' concept; and the marketing point of view, basically entrepreneurial and commercial. Suggests that research should go beyond the mere structure of information retrieval systems and focus on the analysis of the social and professional practices in which information retrieval tasks are embedded
    Source
    New review of information and library research. 1(1995), S.57-65
    Theme
    Information
  9. Smeaton, A.F.: Retrieving information from hypertext : issues and problems (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Hypertext uses a browsing rather than a searching strategy. Hypertext systems have found applications in a number of areas. They give users choice of information but this can prove a drawback. Examnines the effectiveness of hypertext as a way of retrieving information and reviews conventional information retrieval techniques. Considers previous attempts at combining information retrieval and hypertext and outlines a prototype systems developed to generate guided tours for users to direct them through hypertext to information they have requested. Discusses how adding this kind of itelligent guidance to a hypertext system would affect its usability as an information system
    Source
    European journal of information systems. 1(1991) no.4, S.239-247
    Theme
    Information
  10. Dyer, H.: Beyond relevance, precision and recall : the 'worth' of information retrieval results (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The existing tools of relevance, recall and precision have their place in the evaluation of information retrieval systems, but do not tell the whole story. They cannot, for example, make allowance for the enquirer already knowing of the existence of a document or the subsequent availability of items. Utility theory goes part way towards meeting the need by assessing the likely usefulness of documents. Arguing that information is not information until it is used, the paper suggests an additional approach to information system evaluation - the 'use-value' of information
    Theme
    Information
  11. Ingwersen, P.: ¬The cognitive perspective in information retrieval (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Outlines the principles underlying the theory of polyrepresentation applied to the user's cognitive space and the information space of information retrieval systems, set in a cognitive framework. Uses polyrepresentation to represent the current user's information needs, problem states, and domain work tasks or interests in a structure of causality, as well as to embody semantic full text entities by means of the principle of 'intentional redundancy'
    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 19(1994) no.2, S.25-32
    Theme
    Information
  12. Buckland, M.K.: Information as thing (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Three meanings of "information" are distinguished: "information-as-process"; "information-as-knowledge"; and "information-as-thing", the attributive use of "information" to denote things regarded as informative. The nature and characteristics of "information-as-thing" are discussed, using an indirect approach ("What things are informative?"). Varieties of "information-as-thing"include data, text, documents, objects, and events. On this view "information" includes but extends beyond communication. Whatever information storage and retrieval systems store and retrieve is necessarily "information-as-thing"
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 42(1991), S.351-360
    Theme
    Information
  13. Sutcliffe, A.; Emnis, M.: Towards a cognitive theory of information retrieval (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes a framework for constructing a cognitive model of users' information searching behaviour. Reports on progress in developing the pre-theoretical framework into a theoretical model. Its major components are a process model of information searching and knowledge representations necessary to support the process. The process model contains activities, which describe information searching as the cognitive tasks and strategies that dictate physical or cognitive user actions. The main activities performed in the retrieval process are: problem identification, need articulation, query formulation and results evaluation
    Theme
    Information
  14. Rijsbergen, C.J. van; Lalmas, M.: Information calculus for information retrieval (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Information is and always has been an elusive concept; nevertheless many philosophers, mathematicians, logicians and computer scientists have felt that it is fundamental. Many attempts have been made to come up with some sensible and intuitively acceptable definition of information; up to now, none of these have succeeded. This work is based on the approach followed by Dretske, Barwise, and Devlin, who claimed that the notion of information starts from the position that given an ontology of objects individuated by a cognitive agent, it makes sense to speak of the information an object (e.g., a text, an image, a video) contains about another object (e.g. the query). This phenomenon is captured by the flow of information between objects. Its exploitation is the task of an information retrieval system. These authors proposes a theory of information that provides an analysis of the concept of information (any type, from any media) and the manner in which intelligent organisms (referring to as cognitive agents) handle and respond to the information picked up from their environment. They defined the nature of information flow and the mechanisms that give rise to such a flow. The theory, which is based on Situation Theory, is expressed with a calculus defined on channels. The calculus was defined so that it satisfies properties that are attributes to information and its flows. This paper demonstrates the connection between this calculus and information retrieval, and porposes a model of an information retrieval system based on this calculus
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.5, S.385-398
    Theme
    Information
  15. Eager, C.; Oppenheim, C.: ¬An observational method for undertaking user needs studies (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The study of information needs has long be acknowlegded as one of the most important factors in the design of information services but has been hampered by the severe problem of designing user studies that will reliably measure them. Reviews the literature of previous research in this field, concluding that time and money are the chief constraints on information seeking behaviour. Describes a new observational technique for identifying the information needs of users and reports results of a small scale experiment to test the methodology. The observational technique involves the researcher being with the subject continuously throughout the day and observing their actions. The behaviour recorded was any action taken in order to answer a question. A small scale study was undertaken of 3 academics from the Psychology Department, University of Strathclyde, using the observational technique. The preferred technique of all the academics was to carry out their own research, followed by consultation with other individuals. One lecturer was a significantly heavier user of electronic media than the other two. The preferred physical locations of the information sources were personal collections and the University Library. One lecturer consistently used a wide range of sources while the other two strongly preferred to use personal contacts. Informal sources were found to be twice as popular as formal sources. A follow up questionnaire survey examined the possibility that previous training in the use of the library could explain the differences in the use of electronic information sources but results were found to be negative. Concludes that the new research tool developed for this type of study is both robust and likely to yield reliable information about user information needs
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 28(1996) no.1, S.15-24
    Theme
    Information
  16. Rahmstorf, G.: Wissensorganisation und Wissensvertextung (1995) 0.01 
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    Source
    Konstruktion und Retrieval von Wissen: 3. Tagung der Deutschen ISKO-Sektion einschließlich der Vorträge des Workshops "Thesauri als terminologische Lexika", Weilburg, 27.-29.10.1993. Hrsg.: N. Meder u.a
    Theme
    Information
  17. Merrett, C.: ¬The medium or the message? : a personal view of electronic information (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The intellectual level of debate about electronic information is low. There is an assumption that universal electronics would revolutionise the world's information structure. Looks at fundamental issues confronting information provision and the dissemination of knowledge such as quality, cost, relevance, overload and retrieval, with a reminder about information and civil rights
    Footnote
    Contribution to a special issue devoted to the role of information technology in libraries and education
    Theme
    Information
  18. Hjoerland, B.: Theory and metatheory of information science : a new interpretation (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Epistemological theories of information science have a fundamental impact on theories about users, their cognition and information seeking behaviour, on subject analysis, and on classification. They also have a fundamental impact on information retrieval, on the understanding of 'information', on the view of documents and their role in communication, on information selection, on theories about the functions of information systems and on the role of information professionals. Asserts that information science must be based on epistemological knowledge, which avoids blind alleys and is not outdated. Shows limitations in the dominant approaches to information science and proposes alternative viewpoints
    Theme
    Information
  19. Budd, J.M.; Raber, D.: Discourse analysis : methods and application in the study of information (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Library and information science (LIS) is a discipline based on communication. Research questions in LIS include those focusing on the retrieval use of information, information services, and information technology. Moreover, the questions asked and the thought relevant to the study of information are communicated formally within the profession primarily through the literature. This sensitivity to communication suggests that discourse analysis has the advantage of being able to address questions regarding both spoken and written communications and so can be applied to matters of articulations of purpose in the field. 2 key elements of language form the heart of discourse analysis: form and function. Applications of discourse analysis to information include investigations of the social, political, and technical uses of the word information as they have implications for theory and practice
    Source
    Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.2, S.217-226
    Theme
    Information
  20. Proper, H.A.; Bruza, P.D.: What is information discovery about? (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Internet has led to an increase in the quantity and diversity of information available for searching. Furthermore, users are bombarded by a constant barrage of electronic messages in the form of e-mail, faxes, etc. This has led to a plethora of search engines, 'intelligent'agents, etc., that aim to help users in their quest for relevant information, or shield them against irrelevant information. All these systems aim to identify the potentially relevant information in among a large pool of available information. No unifying underlying theory for information discovery systems exist as yet. The aim of this article is to provide a logic-based framework for information discovery, and relate this to the traditional field of information retrieval. Furthermore, the often ignored user receives special emphasis. In information discovery, a good understanding of a user's (sometimes hidden) needs and beliefs is essential. We will develop a logic-based approach to express the mechanics of information discovery, while the pragmatics are based on an analysis of the underlying informational semantics of information carriers and information needs of users
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.9, S.737-750
    Theme
    Information

Authors

Themes