Search (57 results, page 1 of 3)

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Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

Focuses on one of the critical issues facing the field of knowledge and information utilizing in policy making: understanding the impact that policy information may have on public policy making

Footnote

Article included in a special issue devoted to the theme 'Knowledge and policy: a search for new ideas'

Source

Knowledge and policy. 10(1997) no.3, S.25-55

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Source

Telecom. policy. 10(1986), S.278-281

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Abstract

There is a fundamental and less than adequately recognized tension underlying information policy issues and that tension is between the nature of information as inherently a value added product and the nature of information as a commodity with compelling 'public good' characteristics and with unique properties and transfereabiblity and distributability. These conflicting properties of information each attempt to drive information policy in opposite directions and the magnitude of these forces is to a large degree a function of information technology, and therefore changes in information technology change the balance between these forces and require new solutions. Concludes that these phenomena need to be understood if the information policy process is to be guided intelligently

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key countries and their focal research fields on the information divide. Design/methodology/approach Literature was retrieved to identify key countries and their primary focus. The literature research method was adopted to identify aspects of the primary focus in each key country. Findings The key countries with literature on the information divide are the USA, China, the UK and India. The problem of health is prominent in the USA, and solutions include providing information, distinguishing users' profiles and improving eHealth literacy. Economic and political factors led to the urban-rural information divide in China, and policy is the most powerful solution. Under the influence of humanism, research on the information divide in the UK focuses on all age groups, and solutions differ according to age. Deep-rooted patriarchal concepts and traditional marriage customs make the gender information divide prominent in India, and increasing women's information consciousness is a feasible way to reduce this divide. Originality/value This paper is an extensive review study on the information divide, which clarifies the key countries and their focal fields in research on this topic. More important, the paper innovatively analyzes and summarizes existing literature from a country perspective.

Date

13. 2.2020 18:22:13

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Abstract

Purpose In The Invisible Substrate of Information Science, a landmark article about the discipline of information science, Marcia J. Bates wrote that ".we are always looking for the red thread of information in the social texture of people's lives" (1999a, p. 1048). To sharpen our understanding of information science and to elaborate Bates' idea, the work at hand answers the question: Just what does the red thread of information entail? Design/methodology/approach Through a close reading of Bates' oeuvre and by applying concepts from the reference literature of information science, nine composite entities that qualify as the red thread of information are identified, elaborated, and related to existing concepts in the information science literature. In the spirit of a scientist-poet (White, 1999), several playful metaphors related to the color red are employed. Findings Bates' red thread of information entails: terms, genres, literatures, classification systems, scholarly communication, information retrieval, information experience, information institutions, and information policy. This same constellation of phenomena can be found in resonant visions of information science, namely, domain analysis (Hjørland, 2002), ethnography of infrastructure (Star, 1999), and social epistemology (Shera, 1968). Research limitations/implications With the vital vermilion filament in clear view, newcomers can more easily engage the material, conceptual, and social machinery of information science, and specialists are reminded of what constitutes information science as a whole. Future researchers and scientist-poets may wish to supplement the nine composite entities with additional, emergent information phenomena. Originality/value Though the explication of information science that follows is relatively orthodox and time-bound, the paper offers an imaginative, accessible, yet technically precise way of understanding the field.

Date

30. 4.2020 21:03:22

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Footnote

Article included in a special issue devoted to the theme 'Knowledge and policy: a search for new ideas'

Source

Knowledge and policy. 10(1997) no.3, S.3-10

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Abstract

The new term Representation of knowledge, applied to the framework of electronic segments of information, with comprehension of new material support for information, and a review and total conceptualisation of the terminology which is being applied, entails a review of all traditional documentary practices. Therefore, a definition of the concept of Representation of knowledge is indispensable. The term representation has been used in westere cultural and intellectual tradition to refer to the diverse ways that a subject comprehends an object. Representation is a process which requires the structure of natural language and human memory whereby it is interwoven in a subject and in conscience. However, at the present time, the term Representation of knowledge is applied to the processing of electronic information, combined with the aim of emulating the human mind in such a way that one has endeavoured to transfer, with great difficulty, the complex structurality of the conceptual representation of human knowledge to new digital information technologies. Thus, nowadays, representation of knowledge has taken an diverse meanings and it has focussed, for the moment, an certain structures and conceptual hierarchies which carry and transfer information, and has initially been based an the current representation of knowledge using artificial intelligence. The traditional languages of documentation, also referred to as languages of representation, offer a structured representation of conceptual fields, symbols and terms of natural and notational language, and they are the pillars for the necessary correspondence between the object or text and its representation. These correspondences, connections and symbolisations will be established within the electronic framework by means of different models and of the "goal" domain, which will give rise to organisations, structures, maps, networks and levels, as new electronic documents are not compact units but segments of information. Thus, the new representation of knowledge refers to data, images, figures and symbolised, treated, processed and structured ideas which replace or refer to documents within the framework of technical processing and the recuperation of electronic information.

Date

2. 1.2005 18:22:25

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Abstract

Describes and compares 5 approaches to understanding the concept of the information society and identifies significant themes and controversies in the information science literature. The major topics discussed include: the concept of the information society (continuitiy or discontinuity); assumptions on the nature of information (information as a commodity or a public good); the role and social impact of information technology (optimistic, pessimistic or pluralistic view); and the provision and distribution of government information and services (tension between public and private sectors). Analyses how these underlying belief structures have influenced government information policies in the USA and how they might influence future policy making

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Abstract

A great deal of information and knowledge is available in the form of full text, multimedia and other databases, as well as traditional information services. One of the issues of using information is to process meanings which are closely related with the sophisticated functiones such as learning, reasoning, inductive inference and problem solving. Automatic classification and intelligent access are straightforward applications and are useful when they are used togehter with thesauri and taxonomies which represent conceptual structures. Describes the basic principles and formulation of a new information model with flexible representation of meaning, and the direction of applications to advanced research of science and technology

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Abstract

The escalating economic importance of information and the increasing integration of cultural spheres into the economic system are identified as key factors in the conception of information as a commodity, rather than a public good. This is now having a significant impact on government policy and on libraries, with prominent professional representatives advocating an entrepreneurial model of librarianship which contradicts traditional ideas of free and equal access to information. Such a model threatens the future of the library as a vital sphere of democratic culture. Discusses the broader trends exemplifying the current trajectory of advanced capitalism so as to proved a context for the critical interpretation of issues within librarianship

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Abstract

This article reviews results from a research project designed to understand the mediating influence of information technology on information behavior. During the analysis of the data, five modes of information behavior were uncovered. These provide us with a reconceptualization of core information-seeking and search activities, as well as a fruitful opening to redevelop, augment, or complement existing models of information behavior. The findings resonate with emerging theories of decision making and judgement and illustrate the need for information behavior researchers to undertake research in differing contexts. The work illuminates an issue of current concern for public policy: police use of information in decision making.

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the relationships between meaning and truth as they may contribute to a constitutive definition of information. The thesis is primarily that "information" cannot be defined unless within the context of meaning and truth, and that any theory based on, or related to, information is not possible without the foundational definition. Design/methodology/approach - A review of related literatures and an arrangement of frameworks forms the design of this conceptual proposal. Findings - While other definitions of information have been presented, the present one integrates meaning and truth in ways that others do not. The thoroughgoing semantic examination provides a starting-point for a much deeper analysis of the integral role that language plays in the formation of any theory related to information. Truth tends not to be spoken of a great deal in information science; the definitional positioning of truth adds to a more complete definition and basis for theory. Originality/value - This paper proposes a new definitional and theoretical construct for information.

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Abstract

The paper discusses and analyzes the notion of information quality in terms of a pragmatic philosophy of language. It is argued that the notion of information quality is of great importance, and needs to be situated better within a sound philosophy of information to help frame information quality in a broader conceptual light. It is found that much research on information quality conceptualizes information quality as either an inherent property of the information itself, or as an individual mental construct of the users. The notion of information quality is often not situated within a philosophy of information. This paper outlines a conceptual framework in which information is regarded as a semiotic sign, and extends that notion with Paul Grice's pragmatic philosophy of language to provide a conversational notion of information quality that is contextual and tied to the notion of meaning.

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Abstract

Based on the Blomqvist lecture delivered in Boras Oct 96, Daniel Bell proposed a new model called the Post-Undustrial Society in which information is a market commodity. This metaphor had an impact on US information policy. Examines 2 recent examples of government intervention in national library affairs, one providing massive state support for libraries, the other Reagan's attempt to redefine the purpose of libraries. Hopes for return to the idea of information as a public good were not fulfilled with Clinton, who quickly moved to support private sector development of the information market place, thus eroding government support for the public library system. The Administration's defence of intellectual property rights threatens fair use for library users. While aware of the need to secure free flow of ideas the government is also pressured to impose censorship of violent and pornographic materials. But the most disturbing feature is the implication that the information system should be privatised

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Abstract

Examines how societal changes influence the involvement of libraries as resources in the learning processes of adults. Libraries are instruments for socialisation, so that when ideologies change they influence libraries. The changes are apparent not only in acquisition policy but also in registration and retrieval. Examines the Swedish classification system as an example of a system with a humanistic signature based on idealism, and Marxist systems based on materialism in former East block countries and China. With computerised information systems, the ideal of international information dissemination without borders, available to all has materialised. The resulting knowledge organisation reflect post-modern ideas. Modern databases using descriptors exemplify the fragmentation which the new information technology creates. Each user shapes a personal view with the help of a chosen search logic and a concept combination. Asks what effect this will have on knowledge organisation, development of cultural traditions and local librarians as agents of change

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Abstract

This paper introduces the concept of 'social quality' as a measure of quality-of-life and it sets out a framework for identifying social indicators of the relationship between information and social quality. Social quality has four elements: socio - economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion and empowerment. Illustrative indicators are identified at both national (Demos) and community (Ethnos) level for four different aspects of each social quality element: input, process, outcome and impact. Then the distribution of information and social quality between Demos and Ethnos levels is investigated. It is concluded that usable indicators of all aspects of each element of social quality can be identified and that analysis of informational social quality at Demos and Ethnos level can add to knowledge about information provision and policy, particularly with reference to minority and marginal communities.

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on the philosophy of information, specifically the work of Luciano Floridi, to argue that digital civics must fully comprehend the implications of the digital environment, and consequently an informational ontology, to deliver to students an education that will prepare them for full participation as citizens in the infosphere. Design/methodology/approach Introducing this philosophy for use in education, the research discusses the ethical implications of ontological change in the digital age; informational organisms and their interconnectivity; and concepts of agency, both organic and artificial in digitally mediated civic interactions and civic education. Findings With the provision of a structural framework rooted in the philosophy of information, robust mechanisms for civics initiatives can be enacted. Originality/value The paper allows policy makers and practitioners to formulate healthy responses to digital age challenges in civics and civics education.

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Abstract

To oversimplify, science has two fundamental ways of changing our understanding. One may be called extrovert, or about the world, and the other introvert, or about ourselves. Three scientific revolutions in the past had great impact both extrovertly and introvertly. In changing our understanding of the external world, they also modified our conception of who we are, that is, our self-understanding. The story is well known, so I shall recount it rather quickly. We used to think that we were at the centre of the universe, nicely placed there by a creator God. It was a most comfortable and reassuring position to hold. In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published his treatise on the movements of planets around the sun. It was entitled On the Revolutions of Celestial Bodies (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium). Copernicus probably did not mean to start a 'revolution' in our self-understanding as well. Nonetheless, his heliocentric cosmology forever displaced the earth from the centre of the universe and made us reconsider, quite literally, our own place and role in it. It caused such a profound change in our views of the universe that the word 'revolution' begun to be associated with radical scientific transformation. We have been dealing with the consequences of the Copernican revolution since its occurrence. Indeed, it is often remarked that one of the significant achievements of our space explorations has been a matter of external and comprehensive reflection on our human condition.

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Abstract

At a time when competition for scarce resources is tougher than ever, policy makers, decision makers, and information specialists alike, can no longer be satisfied with general assumptions which describe the role of information in the achievement of individual, organizational and societal goals as being 'a critical resource'. An international project called 'Impact of the information on development' is carried out by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Canada) with a view to test suitable apporaches for the assessment of the benefits derived from all types of information activities in the devloping countries. This effort aims at assembling more solid evidence of the benefits associated with information. Presents the rationale for the project and its progress to date. Discusses the main features of the suggested problem and its progress to date. Discusses the main features of the suggested problem and constituency centred approach to impact assessment. Future developments,in the project call for the establishment of a decentralized research network. While the IDRC project has to be focused exclusively on developing countries, the issues raised are infact of universal significance. On the basis of the outcome of the project so far, attempts at presenting a review, from a personal perspective, of the many research questions related to the concepts of information and development, the impact of information and the methodological and practical constraints in its assessment