-
Allen, B.L.: Visualization and cognitve abilities (1998)
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- Abstract
- The idea of obtaining subject access to information by being able to visualize an information space, and to navigate through that space toward useful or interesting information, is attractive and plausible. However, this approach to subject access requires additional cognitive processing associated with the interaction of cognitive facilities that deal with concepts and those that deal with space. This additional cognitive processing may cause problems for users, particularly in dealing with the dimensions, the details, and the symbols of information space. Further, it seems likely that different cognitive abilities are associated with conceptual and spatial cognition. As a result, users who deal well with subject access using traditional conceptual approaches may experience difficulty in using visualization and navigation. An experiment designed to investigate the effects of different cognitive abilities on the use of both conceptual and spatial representations of information is outlined
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
-
Liang, T.-Y.: ¬The basic entity model : a theoretical model of information processing, decision making and information systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- The basic entity model aims to provide information processing with a better theoretical foundation. Human information processing systems are perceived as physical symbol systems. The 4 basic entities that these systems handle are: data, information, knowledge and wisdom. The postulates fundamental to the model are the laws of boundary, interaction, and constructed information systems. The transformation of the basic entities taking place in the model create an information space that contains a set of information states in a particular knowledge domain. The space serves as a platform for decision making. Uses the model to analyze the strucuture of constructed information systems mathematically. Adopts the ontological, deep structure approach
- Source
- Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.4, S.477-487
-
Liang, T.-Y.: ¬The basic entity model : a fundamental theoretical model of information and information processing (1994)
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- Abstract
- Management information systems (MIS) is a young and dynamic technological discipline that is greatly in need of a theoretical foundation in order to be recognized as an academic field. A key to this search is the construction of a paradigm which engulfs a set of objects that is genuinely indigenous to MIS. This study is a modest attempt to identify this set of objects and to construct a simple model based on them. A basic entity model is constructed to provide a better understanding for the fundamental theory of information. The model identifies the four basic entities which define the scope of information theory and establishes the 4 fundamental postulates which can serve as its foundation. The 4 basic entities are data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The order of the entity as specified is important. Each entity is transformed to the next higher one during entity processing reduces the entropy of the entity so that further analysis can be executed more systematically. This concept enforces the fact that all computerized information systems also have a similar basic role
- Source
- Information processing and management. 30(1994) no.5, S.647-661
-
Infield, N.: Capitalising on knowledge : if knowledge is power, why don't librarians rule the world? (1997)
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- Abstract
- While knowledge management is seen to be the biggest thing to hit the information profession since the Internet, the concept is surrounded by confusion. Traces the progress of knowledge on the information continuum which extends from data to informed decision. The reason for which knowledge management has suddenly become inluential is that its principal proponents now are not information professionals but management consultants seeking to retain their intellectual capital. Explains the reasons for this, the practical meaning of knowledge management and what information professionals should be doing to take advantage of the vogue
- Source
- Information world review. 1997, no.130, S.22
-
Verdi, M.P.; Kulhavy, R.W.; Stock, W.A.; Rittscho, K.A.; Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text : the influence of structural information on working-memory operations (1993)
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- Abstract
- In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In Addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding modell, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:18:18
-
Lovhoiden, H.: ¬The myth of information : rediscovering data protocols design as the key to data management (1995)
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- Abstract
- Information researchers are more concerned with exploring myths than advancing the field. Rejects the concept of information, claiming it to be reminiscent of the pipeline metaphor of communication. This claim is based on a constructive world view, sometimes recognised as radical constructivism, sometimes as second order cybernetics, but regarded here as sensible realism. Hence redefines information resources management as data management, since the only thing that can be stored, transferred or received in information systems is data. Their design must be based on this fact. Object orientation must be recognised as a superior approach when developing systems. Common data protocol design is the single most important task for the systems designer and systems performance cannot be improved through computer-human interface design
-
Wersig, G.: Information science : the study of postmodern knowledge usage (1993)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.2, S.229-240
-
Cremmins, E.T.: Value-added processing of representational and speculative information using cognitive skills (1992)
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-
¬The impact of information (1995)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 31(1995) no.4, S.455-498
-
Massaro, D.W.; Cowan, N.: Information processing models : microscopes of the mind (1993)
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-
Pfeifer, R.: Symbols, patterns, and behavior : beyond the information-processing metaphor (1998)
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-
Webb, T.J.: Turning information into knowledge (1997)
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- Abstract
- The 3rd in a series on the use and abuse of information, focusing on the relative quality of nearly all information, and how to deal with the problems generated by volatility of data. Argues that information should be gathered from a wide range of cultures, and preferably not the same one as the recipients, or the necessary 'relativising background' will not be provided. Looks at some ways to improve the quality and relevance of information routinely provided in business reports, by transforming the data in simple ways
-
¬The information future (1995)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: WOLF, M.T. u. R.B. MILLER: The information future: data, data, everywhere!; WOLFE, G.: Libraries on the superhighway: rest stop or roadkill?; AGRE, P.E.: Institutional circuity: thinking about the forms and uses of information; LYRIS, S.O.: Multiply and conquer; MASON, L.: The elephant and the net cruiser: regulating communication on the net; BRIN, D.: The Internet as a commons; MARTIN, M.S.: Problems in information transfer in the age of the computer; BARNES, J.: Information and unfictionable science; STARRS, P.F. u. HUNTSINGER, L.: The matrix, cyberpunk literature, and the apocalyptic landscapes of information technology; PRANSKY, J.: Robots: our future information intermediaries; CHISLENKO, A.: Intelligent information filters and enhanced reality; BARNES, S.: The impossible dream
-
Webb, T.J.: Information abuse : the nature of information (1997)
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- Abstract
- Builds on an earlier 1994 (Information management report, Feb 1994, S.1) article dealing with the abuse of information that flows from disregard for its basic characteristics, drawing on evidence accumulated since then. Highlights the essential structural characteristics of information, and offers some interim conclusions and recommendations for a more critical approach to its use for decision making and opinioin forming. Covers: absolute data and the relativing background; the importance of context; the volatility and stability of information; quantitative information characterized as stocks and flows; aggregates and residuals. A future article will take up some remaining issues and discuss solutions that employ data transformations to improve the quality of information
-
Metcalfe, J.; Shimamura, A.P.: Metacognition : knowing about knowing (1994)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information processing and management 31(1995) no.2, S.261-262 (B. Allen)
-
Branscomb, A.W.: Who owns information? : from privacy to public access (1994)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: College and research libraries 56(1995) no.2, S.186-188 (J. Larson); Information processing and management 33(1997) no.3, S.408-409 (P. Doty)
-
Allen, B.L.: Information tasks : toward a user-centred approach to information systems (1996)
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- Footnote
- Rez in: Information processing and management 33(1997) no.6, S.807 (P. Borlund)
-
Thompson, L.A.; Ogden, W.C.: Visible speech improves human language understanding : implications for speech processing systems (1995)
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- Abstract
- Presents evidence from the study of human language understanding suggesting that the ability to perceive visible speech can greatly influence the ability to understand and remember spoken language. A view of the speaker's face can greatly aid in the perception of ambiguous or noisy speech and can aid cognitive processing of speech leading to better understanding and recall. Some of these effects have been replaced using computer synthesized visual and auditory speech. When giving an interface a voice, it may be best to give it a face too
-
Naumann, E.; Bartussek, D.; Diedrich, O.; Laufer, M.E.: Assessing cognitive and affective information processing functions of the brain by means of the late positive complex of the event-related potential (1992)
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- Abstract
- The influence of cognitive and affective information processing on the late positive complex of the event-related potential was studied by means of structural or affective processing of adjectives categorized as emotionally negative, neutral or positive. An extensive replication study tested 2 research hypotheses derived from a pilot study with 14 subjects. The first hypothesis stated that the active, conscious evaluation of the affective meaning of the adjectives should lead to a long lasting positive shift, which is maximal over the frontal scalp. This shift should be independent of the emotional content of the adjectives and should not be observed during structural processing. Second, the emotionally negative and emotionally positive adjectives should elicit a more positive P3-component compared to neutral adjectives. This effect should be independent of the type of task (structural or affective). Because the hypotheses are in part related to the interpretation of the null hypotheses of the statistical tests, an a priori control of both alpha- and beta-error probability is necessary. - From the results, it is concluded that affect and cognition are separate information processing functions of the brain and are mediated by different brain systems
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Green, R.: ¬The profession's models of information : a cognitive linguistic analysis (1991)
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- Abstract
- This study establishes 3 predominant cognitive models of information and the information transfer process manifest in the literature of library and information science, based on a linguistic analysis of phrases incoporating the word 'information' from a random sample of abstracts in the LISA database. The direct communication (DC) and indirect communication (IC) models (drawn from Reddy's frameworks of metalinguistic usage) adopt the perspective of the information system; the information-seeking (IS) model takes the viewpoint of the information user. 2 disturbing findings are presented: 1. core elements of the DC and IC models are more weakly supported by the data than are most of the peripheral elements; and 2. even though the IS model presents the information user's perspective, the data emphasise the role of the information system. These findings suggest respectively that the field lacks a coherent model of information transfer per se and that our model of information retrieval is mechanistic, oblivious to the cognitive models of end users
