Search (114 results, page 1 of 6)

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the proposal that Luciano Floridi's philosphy of information (PI) may be an appropriate conceptual foundation for the discipline of library and information science (LIS). Design/methodology/approach A selective literature review and analysis are carried out. Findings It is concluded that LIS is in need of a new conceptual framework, and that PI is appropriate for this purpose. Originality/value Floridi proposed a close relationship between PI and LIS more than a decade ago. Although various authors have addressed the aspects of this relationship since then, this is the first proposal from an LIS perspective that PI be adopted as a basis for LIS.

Field

Bibliothekswesen
Informationswissenschaft

Source

Journal of documentation. 74(2018) no.1, S.2-17

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Abstract

We live in a society that is awash with information, but few of us really understand what information is. In this Very Short Introduction, one of the world's leading authorities on the philosophy of information and on information ethics, Luciano Floridi, offers an illuminating exploration of information as it relates to both philosophy and science. He discusses the roots of the concept of information in mathematics and science, and considers the role of information in several fields, including biology. Floridi also discusses concepts such as "Infoglut" (too much information to process) and the emergence of an information society, and he addresses the nature of information as a communication process and its place as a physical phenomenon. Perhaps more important, he explores information's meaning and value, and ends by considering the broader social and ethical issues relating to information, including problems surrounding accessibility, privacy, ownership, copyright, and open source. This book helps us understand the true meaning of the concept and how it can be used to understand our world. About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam.

BK

06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)

Classification

06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)

Pages

XV, 130 S

Series

Very short introductions : stimulating ways in to new subjects ; 225

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Abstract

Die Geschichte der Information beginnt in einer Zeit, die unserer nicht unähnlicher sein könnte. Von der Entwicklung der sprechenden Trommeln zu den ersten Alphabeten und natürlich der Schrift, ist die Information einen weiten Weg gegangen. Eine höchst interessante und informative Geschichte. Blut, Treibstoff, Lebensprinzip - in seinem furiosen Buch erzählt Bestsellerautor James Gleick, wie die Information zum Kernstück unserer heutigen Zivilisation wurde. Beginnend bei den Wörtern, den "sprechenden" Trommeln in Afrika, über das Morsealphabet und bis hin zur Internetrevolution beleuchtet er, wie die Übermittlung von Informationen die Gesellschaften prägten und veränderten. Gleick erläutert die Theorien, die sich mit dem Codieren und Decodieren, der Übermittlung von Inhalten und dem Verbreiten der Myriaden von Botschaften beschäftigen. Er stellt die bekannten und unbekannten Pioniere der Informationsgesellschaft vor: Claude Shannon, Norbert Wiener, Ada Byron, Alan Turing und andere. Er bietet dem Leser neue Einblicke in die Mechanismen des Informationsaustausches. So lernt dieser etwa die sich selbst replizierende Meme kennen, die "DNA" der Informationen. Sein Buch ermöglicht ein neues Verständnis von Musik, Quantenmechanik - und eine gänzlich neue Sicht auf die faszinierende Welt der Informationen.

BK

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2012, H.6, S.94-96 (R. Pilous): " ... Bei aller Materialfülle nimmt Gleick einen technokratischen Standpunkt ein - so konsequent, dass er Gedanken zum Verstehen von Information durch den Menschen oder zur Philosophie selbst dort weglässt, wo sie sich aufdrängen. Seiner leidenschaftlich vorgebrachten Vision, die moderne Physik auf eine Art Quanteninformationstheorie zu reduzieren, fehlt eine gründliche Reflexion ebenso wie seiner Darstellung der Theorie der Meme. Und dennoch: Gleicks Projekt einer Gesamtdarstellung des Informationsbegriffs ist mutig, bisher einmalig und im Wesentlichen gelungen."

Pages

527 S

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)

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Abstract

This is the first volume in the tetralogy on the foundations of the philosophy of information. The reader interested in an introduction to its topics may find Information - A very Short Introduction helpful. The book fulfils three goals. The first is metatheoretical. The book describes what the philosophy of information is, its open problems, and its methods. The second goal is introductory. The book analyses the complex and diverse nature of informational concepts and phenomena, and defends the veridicality thesis and a theory of strongly semantic information. The third goal is constructive. The book tackles some classic philosophical questions in information-theoretical terms, such as how symbols acquire their semantics (the symbol-grounding problem), whether knowledge may be something different from justified true belief (the Gettier problem), or what kind of realism may be more plausible in philosophy of science (the debate on structural realism). The essential message is quite straightforward. Semantic information is well-formed, meaningful and truthful data; knowledge is relevant semantic information properly accounted for; humans are the only known semantic engines and conscious informational organisms who can develop a growing knowledge of reality; and reality is the totality of information (notice the crucial absence of "semantic").

BK

06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)

Classification

06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)

Content

What is the philosophy of information?. Introduction ; Philosophy of artificial intelligence as a premature paradigm of PI ; The historical emergence of PI ; The dialectic of reflection and the emergence of PI ; The definition of PI ; The analytic approach to PI ; The metaphysical approach to PI ; PI as philosophia prima -- Open problems in the philosophy of information. Introduction ; David Hilbert's view ; Analysis ; Semantics ; Intelligence ; Nature ; Values -- The method of levels of abstraction. Introduction Some definitions and preliminary examples ; A classic interpretation of the method of abstraction ; Some philosophical applications ; The philosophy of the method of abstraction --
The symbol grounding problem. Introduction ; The symbol of grounding problem ; The representationalist approach ; The semi-representationalist approach ; The non-representationalist approach -- Action-based semantics. Introduction ; Action-based semantics ; Two-machine artificial agents and their AbS ; From grounded symbols to grounded communication and abstractions -- Semantic information and the correctness theory of truth. Introduction ; First step : translation ; Second step : polarization ; Third step : normalization ; Fourth step : verification and validation ; Fifth step : correctness ; Some implications and advantages of the correctness theory of truth -- The logical unsolvability of the Gettier problem. Introduction ; Why the Gettier problem is unsolvable in principle ; Three objections and replies -- The logic of being informed. Introduction ; Three logics of information ; Modelling "being informed" ; Four epistemological implications of KTB-IL -- Understanding epistemic relevance. Introduction ; Epistemic vs casual relevance ; The basic case ; A probabilistic revision of the basic case ; A counterfactual revision of the probabilistic analysis ; A metatheoretical revision of the counterfactual analysis ; Advantages of the metatheoretical revision ; Some illustrative cases ; Misinformation cannot be relevant ; Two objections and replies --

Pages

XVIII, 405 S

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Philosophie / / Information / Informationstheorie / Philosophie

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Philosophie / / Information / Informationstheorie / Philosophie

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Abstract

Aufgrund der so großen Bedeutung von Privatheit im Internet hat acatech, die Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, 2011 ein Projekt initiiert, das sich mit dem Privatheitsparadoxon wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. In dem Projekt werden Empfehlungen entwickelt, wie sich eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet etablieren lässt, die es ermöglicht, das Paradoxon aufzulösen. Wir verwenden hier den Begriff der Privatheit. Er deutet an, dass hier nicht nur der räumliche Begriff Privatsphäre gemeint ist, sondern auch das im europäischen Kontext wichtige Konzept der informationellen Selbstbestimmung einbezogen ist. Dieser Band legt die Ergebnisse der ersten Projektphase vor: eine Bestandsaufnahme von Privatheit im Internet aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Kapitel 1 stellt die Wünsche und Befürchtungen von Internetnutzern und Gesellschaft im Hinblick auf ihre Privatheit vor. Sie wurden mithilfe sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden untersucht. Ergänzend dazu untersucht das zweite Kapitel Privatheit im Cyberspace aus ethischer Perspektive. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich ökonomischen Aspekten: Da viele Onlinedienstleistungen mit Nutzerdaten bezahlt werden, ergibt sich die Frage, was dies sowohl für den Nutzer und Kunden als auch für die Unternehmen bedeutet. Kapitel 4 hat einen technologischen Fokus und analysiert, wie Privatheit von Internettechnologien bedroht wird und welche technischen Möglichkeiten es gibt, um die Privatheit des Nutzers zu schützen. Selbstverständlich ist der Schutz von Privatheit im Internet nicht nur ein technisches Problem. Deshalb untersucht Kapitel 5 Privatheit aus rechtlicher Sicht. Bei der Lektüre der fünf Kapitel wird dem Leser sofort die Komplexität der Frage von Privatheit im Internet (Internet Privacy) bewusst. Daraus folgt die unbedingte Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. In diesem Sinne wird die interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe gemeinsam Optionen und Empfehlungen für einen Umgang mit Privatheit im Internet entwickeln, die eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet fördern. Diese Optionen und Empfehlungen werden 2013 als zweiter Band dieser Studie veröffentlicht.

Content

Vgl. unter: http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Projektberichte/acatech_STUDIE_Internet_Privacy_WEB.pdf. Enthält Auszüge aus: Capurro, R., M, Eldred u. D. Nagel: Digital Whoness: Identity, Privacy and Freedom in the Cyberworld. Frankfurt 2013. Vgl. http://www.capurro.de/floridi.html.

Pages

328 S

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BK

54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft

Classification

54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft

Content

Introduction: Philosophy's Relevance in Computing and Information Science - Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe V.Riss Part I: Philosophy of Computing and Information 1 The Fourth Revolution in our Self-Understanding - Luciano Floridi -- 2 Information Transfer as a Metaphor - Jakob Krebs -- 3 With Aristotle towards a Differentiated Concept of Information? - Uwe Voigt -- 4 The Influence of Philosophy on the Understanding of Computing and Information - Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski -- Part II: Complexity and System Theory 5 The Emergence of Self-Conscious Systems: From Symbolic AI to Embodied Robotics - Klaus Mainzer -- 6 Artificial Intelligence as a New Metaphysical Project - Aziz F. Zambak Part III: Ontology 7 The Relevance of Philosophical Ontology to Information and Computer Science - Barry Smith -- 8 Ontology, its Origins and its Meaning in Information Science - Jens Kohne -- 9 Smart Questions: Steps towards an Ontology of Questions and Answers - Ludwig Jaskolla and Matthias Rugel Part IV: Knowledge Representation 10 Sophisticated Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Requires Philosophy - Selmer Bringsjord, Micah Clark and Joshua Taylor -- 11 On Frames and Theory-Elements of Structuralism Holger Andreas -- 12 Ontological Complexity and Human Culture David J. Saab and Frederico Fonseca Part V: Action Theory 13 Knowledge and Action between Abstraction and Concretion - Uwe V.Riss -- 14 Action-Directing Construction of Reality in Product Creation Using Social Software: Employing Philosophy to Solve Real-World Problems - Kai Holzweifiig and Jens Krüger -- 15 An Action-Theory-Based Treatment ofTemporal Individuals - Tillmann Pross -- 16 Four Rules for Classifying Social Entities - Ludger Jansen Part VI: Info-Computationalism 17 Info-Computationalism and Philosophical Aspects of Research in Information Sciences - Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic -- 18 Pancomputationalism: Theory or Metaphor ? - Vincent C. Mutter Part VII: Ethics 19 The Importance of the Sources of Professional Obligations - Francis C. Dane

Field

Informationswissenschaft

Pages

XIII, 275 S

RSWK

Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung

Type

s

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Pages

S.437-444

Series

Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft; Bd.66

Source

Re:inventing information science in the networked society: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Information Science, Zadar/Croatia, 19th-21st May 2015. Eds.: F. Pehar, C. Schloegl u. C. Wolff

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Content

Vgl. auch das 'Buch-Symposium': unter: Gorichanaz, T., J. Furner u. L. Ma u.a.: Information and design: book symposium on Luciano Floridi's The Logic of Information. In: Journal of documentation. 76(2020) no.2, S.586-616.

Pages

xxii, 240 S

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BK

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 62(2011) no.12, S.2543-2545 (C.H. Davis)

Pages

526 S

RSWK

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)

Subject

Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)

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Abstract

This paper discusses differing perspectives relevant to library and information studies (LIS) regarding the philosophy of information, primarily disparate accounts of ontology. The perspectives include, but are not limited to, those of Luciano Floridi, Raphael Capurro, Michael Eldred, applied ontologists like Pierre Grenon and Barry Smith, Fred Fonseca, and Bernd Frohmann. Slavoj Zizek's parallax ontology is used as a leitmotif and theoretical frame to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of differing standpoints on ontological issues within LIS and the philosophy of information. Parallax ontology is presented not as a replacement for any particular perspective but rather as a means to utilize the differing points of view. The antinomies within and between these perspectives are not overcome through some kind of synthesis but instead disclose the fundamentally irreconcilable nature of the topic of ontology itself, particularly within LIS and the philosophy of information. The paper concludes with an assessment of the importance of this type of research, and the topics of ontology and the philosophy of information in particular.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Exploring Philosophies of Information'.

Field

Informationswissenschaft

Source

Library trends. 63(2015) no.3, S.555-573

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Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the future of information history by interrogating its past. It presents in outline an account of the conditions and the trajectory of events that have culminated in today's "information revolution" and "information society." It suggests that we have already passed through at least two information orders or revolutions as we transition, first, from the long era of print that began over five hundred years ago with Gutenberg and the printing press. We have then moved through a predigital era after World War II, finally to a new era characterized by the advent of the ubiquitous technologies that are considered to herald a new "digital revolution" and the creation of new kind of "information society." It argues that it is possible to see that the past is now opening itself to new kinds of scrutiny as a result of the apparently transformative changes that are currently taking place. It suggests that the future of the history of information science is best thought of as part of a still unrealized convergence of diverse historical approaches to understanding how societies are constituted, sustained, reproduced, and changed in part by information and the infrastructures that emerge to manage information access and use. In conclusion it suggests that different bodies of historical knowledge and historical research methodologies have emerged as we move into the digital world that might be usefully brought together in the future to broaden and deepen explorations of important historical information phenomena from Gutenberg to Google.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 2'.

Field

Informationswissenschaft

Source

Library trends. 62(2014) no.3, S.681-713

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Abstract

This paper demonstrates the practical and philosophical strengths of adopting Luciano Floridi's "general definition of information" (GDI) for use in the information sciences (IS). Many definitions of information have been proposed, but little work has been done to determine which definitions are most coherent or useful. Consequently, doubts have been cast on the necessity and possibility of finding a definition. In response to these doubts, the paper shows how items and events central to IS are adequately described by Floridi's conception of information, and demonstrates how it helps clarify the muddy theoretical framework resulting from the many previous definitions. To this end, it analyzes definitions, popular in IS, that conceive of information as energy, processes, knowledge, and physical objects. The paper finds that each of these definitions produces problematic or counterintuitive implications that the GDI suitably accounts for. It discusses the role of truth in IS, notes why the GDI is preferable to its truth-requiring variant, and ends with comments about the import of such a theory for IS research and practice.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Exploring Philosophies of Information'.

Field

Informationswissenschaft

Source

Library trends. 63(2015) no.3, S.378-400

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Abstract

Prototypical instances of disinformation include deceptive advertising (in business and in politics), government propaganda, doctored photographs, forged documents, fake maps, internet frauds, fake websites, and manipulated Wikipedia entries. Disinformation can cause significant harm if people are misled by it. In order to address this critical threat to information quality, we first need to understand exactly what disinformation is. This paper surveys the various analyses of this concept that have been proposed by information scientists and philosophers (most notably, Luciano Floridi). It argues that these analyses are either too broad (that is, that they include things that are not disinformation), or too narrow (they exclude things that are disinformation), or both. Indeed, several of these analyses exclude important forms of disinformation, such as true disinformation, visual disinformation, side-effect disinformation, and adaptive disinformation. After considering the shortcomings of these analyses, the paper argues that disinformation is misleading information that has the function of misleading. Finally, in addition to responding to Floridi's claim that such a precise analysis of disinformation is not necessary, it briefly discusses how this analysis can help us develop techniques for detecting disinformation and policies for deterring its spread.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Exploring Philosophies of Information'.

Field

Informationswissenschaft

Source

Library trends. 63(2015) no.3, S.401-426

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Abstract

The social dynamics of alternative facts: why what you believe depends on who you know. Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin OConnor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are whats essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that theres an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if thats right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by fake news, alternative facts, and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively.

BK

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 71(2020) no.5, S.612-615 (Marc Kosciejew).

Pages

ix, 266 S

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Abstract

The flood of information brought to us by advancing technology is often accompanied by a distressing sense of "information overload," yet this experience is not unique to modern times. In fact, says Ann M. Blair in this intriguing book, the invention of the printing press and the ensuing abundance of books provoked sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European scholars to register complaints very similar to our own. Blair examines methods of information management in ancient and medieval Europe as well as the Islamic world and China, then focuses particular attention on the organization, composition, and reception of Latin reference books in print in early modern Europe. She explores in detail the sophisticated and sometimes idiosyncratic techniques that scholars and readers developed in an era of new technology and exploding information.

BK

02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur

Classification

02.01 Geschichte der Wissenschaft und Kultur

Content

Information management in comparative perspective -- Note-taking as information management -- Reference genres and their finding devices -- Compilers, their motivations and methods -- The impact of early printed reference books.

LCSH

Communication in learning and scholarship / Europe / History / 17th century
Communication in learning and scholarship / Europe / History / 16th century

Pages

XV, 397 S

Subject

Communication in learning and scholarship / Europe / History / 17th century
Communication in learning and scholarship / Europe / History / 16th century

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Abstract

This volume has the virtue of airing a number of refreshing voices that are not often heard on this side of the Atlantic, and that bring perspectives that should energize our conversations about information in living systems." --Evelyn Fox Keller, MIT "Terzis and Arp have brought together an international array of experimental and theoretical scientists, philosophers, and cognitive scientists to explore the most consequential notion in modern biology--information. The notion is indispensable to molecular biology, and yet we have no idea how seriously we need to take it in that domain. The role of information is equally central to the origin and maintenance of life in a Second Law-driven world that destroys order. And the naturalization of information is the only bridge that can be crossed from cognitive psychology to neuroscience. All of these issues are faced squarely and accessibly in this important volume." --Alex Rosenberg, Duke University "Since the 1960s at least, it has become clear that we cannot content ourselves with describing living systems, and their life cycles, only in terms of matter and energy. An additional dimension--information--is the necessary complement. However, following an initial enthusiasm for an information-based approach to biology, conceptual developments and practical applications have been slow, to such an extent that doubts have eventually arisen, among biologists and philosophers alike, as to the real relevance, if not the legitimacy, of this approach. How profoundly ill-advised were those concerns is dramatically demonstrated by this excellent collection. Information and Living Systems provides a convincing and healthily fresh overview of this subject area in many of its ramifications, throughout the whole of biology." --Alessandro Minelli, University of Padova "Since the time of the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA and its expression, scientists and philosophers have become increasingly aware that information is integral to the understanding of the organization of life--indeed, to the understanding of life. Information and Living Systems covers the gamut of issues--from the properties of the organism itself to epigenetic and evolutionary considerations to cognition, language, and personality. It transcends in scope and depth any available publications on bioinformation known to me. It is an important scholarly contribution that will interest professional biologists, philosophers, and information theorists, and will be very useful in courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

BK

42.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Biologie

Classification

42.02 / Philosophie und Theorie der Biologie

Content

The need for a universal definition of life in twenty-first-century biology -- Energy coupling -- Bioinformation as a triadic relation -- The biosemiotic approach in biology : theoretical bases and applied models -- Problem solving in the life cycles of multicellular organisms : immunology and cancer -- The informational nature of biological causality -- The self-construction of a living organism -- Plasticity and complexity in biology : topological organization, regulatory protein networks, and mechanisms of genetic expression -- Decision making in the economy of nature : value as information -- Information theory and perception : the role of constraints, and what do we maximize information about? -- Attention, information, and epistemic perception -- Biolinguistics and information -- The biology of personality

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 63(2012) no.2, S.425-427 (Emily Miller)

LCSH

Information theory in biology

Pages

XLIII, 414 S

Subject

Information theory in biology

Type

s

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Abstract

This article considers the relationships among meaning generation, selection, and the dynamics of discourse from a variety of perspectives ranging from information theory and biology to sociology. Following Husserl's idea of a horizon of meanings in intersubjective communication, we propose a way in which, using Shannon's equations, the generation and selection of meanings from a horizon of possibilities can be considered probabilistically. The information-theoretical dynamics we articulate considers a process of meaning generation within cultural evolution: information is imbued with meaning, and through this process, the number of options for the selection of meaning in discourse proliferates. The redundancy of possible meanings contributes to a codification of expectations within the discourse. Unlike hardwired DNA, the codes of nonbiological systems can coevolve with the variations. Spanning horizons of meaning, the codes structure the communications as selection environments that shape discourses. Discursive knowledge can be considered as meta-coded communication that enables us to translate among differently coded communications. The dynamics of discursive knowledge production can thus infuse the historical dynamics with a cultural evolution by adding options, that is, by increasing redundancy. A calculus of redundancy is presented as an indicator whereby these dynamics of discourse and meaning may be explored empirically.

Date

29. 9.2018 11:22:09

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.10, S.1181-1192

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Abstract

This book addresses some of the key questions that scientists have been asking themselves for centuries: what is knowledge? What is information? How do we know that we know something? How do we construct meaning from the perceptions of things? Although no consensus exists on a common definition of the concepts of information and communication, few can reject the hypothesis that information - whether perceived as « object » or as « process » - is a pre-condition for knowledge. Epistemology is the study of how we know things (anglophone meaning) or the study of how scientific knowledge is arrived at and validated (francophone conception). To adopt an epistemological stance is to commit oneself to render an account of what constitutes knowledge or in procedural terms, to render an account of when one can claim to know something. An epistemological theory imposes constraints on the interpretation of human cognitive interaction with the world. It goes without saying that different epistemological theories will have more or less restrictive criteria to distinguish what constitutes knowledge from what is not. If information is a pre-condition for knowledge acquisition, giving an account of how knowledge is acquired should impact our comprehension of information and communication as concepts. While a lot has been written on the definition of these concepts, less research has attempted to establish explicit links between differing theoretical conceptions of these concepts and the underlying epistemological stances. This is what this volume attempts to do. It offers a multidisciplinary exploration of information and communication as perceived in different disciplines and how those perceptions affect theories of knowledge.

Content

Introduction; 1. Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan and Thomas Dousa.- 2. Cybersemiotics: A new foundation for transdisciplinary theory of information, cognition, meaning, communication and consciousness; Soren Brier.- 3. Epistemology and the Study of Social Information within the Perspective of a Unified Theory of Information;Wolfgang Hofkirchner.- 4. Perception and Testimony as Data Providers; Luciano Floridi.- 5. Human communication from the semiotic perspective; Winfried Noth.- 6. Mind the gap: transitions between concepts of information in varied domains; Lyn Robinson and David Bawden.- 7. Information and the disciplines: A conceptual meta-analysis; Jonathan Furner.- 8. Epistemological Challenges for Information Science; Ian Cornelius.- 9. The nature of information science and its core concepts; Birger Hjorland.- 10. Visual information construing: bistability as a revealer of mediating patterns; Sylvie Leleu-Merviel. - 11. Understanding users' informational constructs via a triadic method approach: a case study; Michel Labour. - 12. Documentary languages and the demarcation of information units in textual information: the case of Julius O. Kaisers's Systematic Indexing

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 65(2014) no.6, S.1299-1302 (A.P. Carlin), KO 42(2915) no.2, S.129-133 (R. Szostak)

Pages

VI, 331 S

RSWK

Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>

Series

Studies in history and philosophy of science ; 34

Subject

Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>

Type

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Abstract

It is suggested that, in addition to data, information and knowledge, the information sciences should focus on understanding, understood as a higher-order knowledge, with coherent and explanatory potential. The limited ways in which understanding has been addressed in the design of information systems, in studies of information behaviour, in formulations of information literacy and in impact studies are briefly reviewed, and future prospects considered. The paper is an extended version of a keynote presentation given at the i3 conference in June 2015.

Content

Beitrag in einem Special Issue - i3 Conference - Aberdeen - June 2015. Vgl.: http://jis.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/12/14/0165551515621691.

Source

Journal of information science. 41(2015) no.x, S.1-6

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Abstract

I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.

Date

16. 6.2014 19:22:57

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.6, S.1279-1287