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Date

2. 2.2003 18:31:22

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Abstract

Für Mitarbeiter in Unternehmen gestaltet sich der effiziente Umgang mit einer ständig wachsenden Menge elektronisch verfügbarer Informationen schwierig. Die wesentlichen Herausforderungen aus Anwendersicht sind die Fragmentierung von Informationen, die starren Strukturierungsmöglichkeiten in Datenspeichern und die Isolierung von Wissensarbeit. Das anwenderorientierte System TagIt verbindet aktuelle Ansätze aus dem Persönlichen Informationsmanagement (PIM) und Collaborative Tagging. Die Fragmentierung wid durch Unifizierung von Informationen auf Metadaten- und Zugriffsebene überwunden. Starre Strukturen werden durch freie, multiple Strukturen ersetzt

BK

85.20 / Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation

Classification

85.20 / Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation

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Abstract

This book looks at the key skills that are required in organizations in the information intensive society; it also examines the power of information behaviour on the construction of different kinds of shared knowledge and social identity in a group. The book introduces the different dimensions of social capital that is structural and cognitive, and looks at the relational aspects of information behaviour in organizations. This book analyses experiences with two different case studies - in the financial and biotechnology industries - in order to gain additional insights in how the internal organization environment should be designed to support the development of the organization's intellectual capital. Key Features 1. Introduces social capital dimensions to the knowledge management framework 2. Provides empirical work on the new combination of social capital and organizational information behaviour. 3. Two different information sharing practices are presented: a claims handling unit (routine based work) and a biotechnology firm (expert work) 4. Develops social capital measures into qualitative information research 5.The book illustrates the importance of social aspects in ma She has worked as a visiting researcher at Napier University, Edinburgh, 2004-05. Her teaching and research concerns information seeking, information management in business organizations, and aspects of social capital and knowledge sharing in groups and organizations. She has published several articles and papers in these areas. Readership The book is aimed at academics and students at all levels in library and information science, as well as information management and knowledge management practitioners and managers interested in managing information and knowledge effectively.Contents Part 1: Theories of Information Sharing Information sharing in context Patterns of sharing - enablers and barriers Social navigation Part II: Two Practices in Information Sharing Introducing the two cases Claims handlers Expert organisation Part III: Insights into Information, Knowledge Sharing and Social Capital Dimensions of social capital in the two cases Social capital and sharing - building structures for knowledge sharing and its management Importance of the awareness of social capital in connection with information and knowledge sharing in today's companies.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 60(2007) H.4, S.95-97 (O. Oberhauser): "Die Autorin ist Dozentin am Institut für Informationswissenschaft der Åbo Akademi University (Finnland) und vertritt zur Zeit den dort vakanten Lehrstuhl. Ihr vorliegendes Buch geht zumindest teilweise auf einen längeren Forschungsaufenthalt an der Napier University, Edinburgh, zurück, wo die informationswissenschaftlich orientierte Forschung am Centre for Social Informatics, welches zum dortigen Fachbereich Informatik zählt, angesiedelt ist. Social informatics (nicht zu verwechseln mit Sozialinformatik, einem Terminus aus dem Gebiet der Sozialen Arbeit), bezieht sich auf die disziplinübergreifende Beschäftigung mit dem Design, dem Einsatz und der Verwendung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und ihrer Interaktion mit institutionellen und kulturellen Kontexten unter Einschluss von Institutionen/Organisationen und der Gesellschaft. Sie wird von Vertretern verschiedener Wissenschaftsdisziplinen mit unterschiedlichen Themenstellungen bzw. methodischen Ansätzen betrieben. In diesem Umfeld ist auch das vorliegende Buch beheimatet. Zwar ist "information sharing" ein Begriff, der aus der Forschung zu dem breiteren Themenbereich "information seeking and use" bzw. "(human) information behaviour" stammt, doch macht schon der erste Satz des Vorworts klar, dass hier eine thematische Festlegung auf den institutionellen Bereich und damit eine Einordnung in das Gebiet des Wissensmanagements erfolgt ist: "How can organisations correspond to the current demands of effective information and knowledge sharing?" (p. ix). Die Herausforderungen ("challenges") werden im Hinblick auf das Verständnis, die Organisation und die Verwaltung von Wissen gesehen und in technische, betriebliche, persönliche und soziale Aspekte unterteilt. Die Konzentration auf die soziale Dimension, so die Autorin, sei heute besonders wichtig für eine kohärente Beurteilung von Informationsverhalten und -austausch im Unternehmen.
Das Buch gliedert sich in drei Teile. Im ersten Abschnitt, Theories of Information Sharing, erfolgt eine kurze Diskussion von Begriffen und Konzepten aus dem Bereich der kontextuellen Informationssuche, der Information im organisatorischen Umfeld, der Sozial- und Gruppenpsychologie, sowie vor allem die Einführung des Konzeptes "social capital" (soziales Kapital, Sozialkapital), eines aus der Soziologie stammenden theoretischen Ansatzes, als Rahmen für die Betrachtung der Informationsprozesse im Unternehmen. Hier wird Sozialkapital verstanden als die Werte, Normen und Netzwerke, die informationsbezogene Interaktionen möglich und wirksam machen und so die Basis für kollaborative Arbeit zur Verfolgung gemeinsamer Ziele schaffen (p. 30). Der zweite Teil - umfangmässig der größte des Buches - ist mit Two Practices in Information Sharing überschrieben und berichtet detailliert über Fallstudien, die die Autorin in zwei finnischen Unternehmen mittels einer kleinen Zahl qualitativer Interviews durchführte. Dabei wird eine Firma aus der Versicherungsbranche (als einer eher stabilen Branche) mit einem biotechnologischen Produktionsbetrieb (eher turbulent-expansives Umfeld) verglichen. Im dritten Teil, Insights into Information, Knowledge Sharing and Social Capital, diskutiert die Autorin die Resultate ihrer Erhebung, insbesondere im theoretischen Kontext des Sozialkapitals - so etwa die Motive für den Austausch von Informationen und Wissen. Natürlich wird Widén-Wulffs Studie vor allem jene interessieren, die sich mit dem betrieblichen Informations- und Wissensmanagement beschäftigen. Für Interessenten an "information seeking and retrieval" oder "human information behaviour" im Allgemeinen ist das Buch nur bedingt zu empfehlen, doch werden auch sie von den Hinweisen auf den überblicksartig gestreiften Forschungsstand profitieren können. Hingegen werden Rezipienten aus den klassischeren Bereichen des Bibliotheks- bzw. Informationswesens die Lektüre vermutlich als weniger leicht verdaulich empfinden. Der Ladenpreis von mehr als 55 Euro ist für einen Broschurband von knapp 230 Seiten im übrigen viel zu hoch."

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Abstract

Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
- Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen Protokolle, Technologien und Standards existieren inzwischen mannigfaltig und lediglich für spezifische Anwendungen entstehen weitere Grundlagen. In dem vorliegenden Band gibt es etwa ein Datenmodell für XML-Datenbanken (Wuwongse et al.) und den Vorschlag einer 3DModellierung (Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Auch für Proxy-Server werden neue Algorithmen entwickelt (Aguilar & Leiss). - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming Neben klassischen Themen des Information Retrieval wie kontrolliertem Vokabular (Sim & Wong), Ranking (Wang & Maguire), Kategorisierung (Loia & Luongo) und Term-Erweiterung (Huang, Oyang & Chien) stehen auch typische Web Information Retrieval Themen. Multimedia Retrieval spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Web und dazu gibt es Beiträge zu Audio (Wieczorkowska & Ra- Wan, Liu & Wang) und Grafiken (Fukumoto & Cho, Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Das Hype-Thema Link-Analyse schlägt auch gleich den Bogen hin zum Web-Mining, ist mit fünf Beiträgen aber eher unterrepräsentiert. Link-Analyse stellt die Frage, was sich aus den inzwischen wohl über zehn Milliarden Links im Internet folgern lässt. So extrahieren zwei Beiträge die zeitliche Veränderung sozialer Strukturen in Web Communities. Matsumura et al. untersuchen, ob Außenseiter sich auch für die innerhalb einer Community diskutierten Themen interessieren und werten dies als Maß für die Verbreitung des Themas. Bun & Ishizuka interessieren sich nur für die Änderungen innerhalb einer Gruppe von thematisch zusammengehörigen Web-Abgeboten und analysieren in diesem Korpus die wichtigsten Sätze, die neu entstehende Themen am besten repräsentieren. Andere Mining-Beiträge befassen sich mit der Erstellung von Sprachressourcen (Chau & Yeh). - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen Für das Informationsmanagement gelten Ontologien zur Beschreibung des vorhandenen Wissens als wichtiges Instrument und dementsprechend ist "Ontologie" auch ein Kandidat für das höchst-frequente Wort in dem Tagungsband.
Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."

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Abstract

The author systematically introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internetbased electronic commerce. He also describes ontology languages (XML, RDF, and OWL) and ontology tools, and the application of ontologies. In addition to structural improvements, the second edition covers recent developments relating to the Semantic Web, and emerging web-based standard languages.

Classification

004.67/8 22

DDC

004.67/8 22

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Abstract

The Handbook provides practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic notions, methods and techniques, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of data management. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics in the field such as distributed databases, parallel databases, advanced databases, object-oriented databases, advanced transaction management, workflow management, data warehousing, data mining, mobile computing, data integration and the Web. Summing up, the Handbook is a valuable source of information for academics and practitioners who are interested in learning the key ideas in the considered area.

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Abstract

Considers the problems large organisation have in handling the vast amounts of information in their system, such as: the culture of communication (committees/meetings/networks); `bureaucracy'; technology - IT 'versus' operational departments; structures (hierarchy and reporting lines); information ownership; resources. The book considers how these problems can be overcome: by both individual information professionals and departments or units.

Content

Key Features - Identifies particular types of organisation (in terms of culture/structure) rather than industry sector categories. Thus, readers will be able to position their organisation within this framework - The solutions to overcome the problems are pragmatic and based an the day-to-day experiences of the author The Author Paul Byfield is a Legal Information Specialist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Readership Information and knowledge workers in all organisations. Students an library and information management courses will also find the book of interest. Contents Introduction - what is a complex organisation? What particular features are unique to these organisations? Departmental rivalry in organisations - how important is it; does it/should it influence the information management process? Making information management work - basic principles of information management; people/culture; structure; technology; other resources Culture of communication - who does it and why; who should the information professionals be talking to? Using technology - is it a panacea or a Pandora's Box? Gatekeepers or teachers - how should information workers model themselves in complex organisations; how does the information worker survive in this environment? Conclusion - is information management more difficult in this type of environment?

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Abstract

As the first book devoted to relational data mining, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the area. The ferst part introduces the reader to the basics and principles of classical knowledge discovery in databases and inductive logic programmeng; subsequent chapters by leading experts assess the techniques in relational data mining in a principled and comprehensive way; finally, three chapters deal with advanced applications in various fields and refer the reader to resources for relational data mining. This book will become a valuable source of reference for R&D professionals active in relational data mining. Students as well as IT professionals and ambitioned practitioners interested in learning about relational data mining will appreciate the book as a useful text and gentle introduction to this exciting new field.

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Abstract

One out of two companies have increased their productivity or saved costs with knowledge management. This is a result from a comprehensive cross-industry survey in Europe about knowledge management run by the Competence Center Knowledge Management at Fraunhofer IPK, Germany. Best practices in knowledge management from leading companies are described for practitioners in different industries. The book shows how to integrate knowledge management activities into the daily business tasks and processes, how to motivate people and which capabilities and skills are required for knowledge management. The book concludes with an overview of the leading knowledge management projects in several European countries.

Content

Design Fields.- Survey.- Case Studies.- KM in Europe

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Abstract

Serves as a reference for individuals interested in knowledge management (KM) and educational issues surrounding KM. Looks at KM as an emerging profession and the need to educate a new generation of knowledge professionals to deal with managing knowledge an the one hand and managing knowledge workers an the other hand. Examines the skills and competencies of knowledge professionals; and how educational programs can address these demands to develop the requisite professional competencies.

Content

Key Features - Is the first book to cover KM education - Adopts a multidisciplinary approach to KM education - Based an the many years of experience of the author in KM education - Covers KM professional skills and competencies - Provides a road map to KM education The Author Dr Hawamdeh is Professor of Knowledge Management at Oklahoma University. He acts as a consultant to many organisations around the world, is Editor in Chief of the Journal of Information and Knowledge Management. Readership KM professionals and academics; librarians and other information professionals; graduates and undergraduates involved in KM courses, and other courses where KM is an important element. Contents The dawn of the knowledge economy The complex nature of knowledge Intellectual capital Role of technology in KM Knowledge sharing Organisation culture Communities in practice Learning organisation KM education and curriculum development Directory of graduate programs in KM education and other organisations

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.8, S.889-890 (J. Warner): "This work is a collection of papers, reflective and theoretical, rather than primarily empirical, from scholars in information systems and economies, with discursive rather than formal modes of argument and presentation. The discipline of information systems (IS) is understood to have developed as codified knowledge about appropriate procedures for the development of customized information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The editors recognize that, with the displacement of customized applications by purchased packages, IS lost its main utility as a prescription for professional practice in the 1990s. The need for the scholarly community to establish its continuing value and to survive might be orte motivation for the increasing resort to theory. A difference in perspective between IS and economies is acknowledged: economiet take an outside-in approach to the results of innovation while IS focuses an the process of innovation. Recognition does not extend to synthesis, and a dynamic by which the process of Innovation both generates and is compelled by the resulting sociotechnical environment is not isolated. The literature of information science is not cited-other writers have noted the analogies between the subjects and disjunctions between the disciplines of IS and information science (Ellis, Allen, & Wilson, 1999)-but interdisciplinary dialogue is advocated. For information science readers, the interest of the work lies in the analogies between topics treated and the emerging theoretical reflection an them. Theory seems to have emerged primarily as a response to empirical difficulties, particularly contradictions between expectations and reality, and can reproduce the divides which motivated it. Empirical generalizations are not distinguished from the motivating forces which created the phenomena covered by those generalizations. For instance, the social constructivist perspective which argues that impact of technology is a matter of interpretation by human actors according to their social conditions, and which acknowledges the interpretive flexibility of a technology in use, is introduced, but technology is not fully recognized as a radical human construction, "organs of the human brain, created by the human hand" (Marx, 1973, p. 706; Warner, 2004), and the notion of impact is retained. The productivity paradox, understood as the weak correlation between investment in ICT and commercial success, forms a recurrent concern. A simple response might that the commercial value of a technology lies in the way it is used. More sophisticatedly the paradox could be regarded as an artifact of the apparent rigor and closeness, particularly temporal closeness, of studies and could be reinterpreted as a productivity effect, corresponding to a transition cost. The conclusion does not recall the distinction between invention, innovation, and diffusion, promised in the preface, and invention tends to be treated as if it were exogenous. The most interesting insights emerge from accounts of cited papers, particularly Ciborra's view of technology as being assimilated to the social by the device of hospitality and Orlikowski's reflections an technology.
Could a dynamic be constructed, in dialectical response to the theorizing presented, which draws an classic sources in political economy and which links micro-processes and macro-results? For Marx, the "basic logie of the capitalist mode of production ... [was] expansion, growth, enlarged reproduction, through a substitution of living by dead labour" (Marx, 1981, p. 13). With ICTs, we are dealing primarily with semiotic rather than physical labor, but a similar substitution of machine for direct human labor can be detected. The individual actors engaged in innovation encounter considerable risks, but collectively produce advances in social productivity: The much greater costs that are always involved in an enterprise based an new inventions, compared with later establishments that rise up an its ruins, ex suis ossibus. The extent of this is so great that the pioneering entrepreneurs generally go bankrupt, and it is only their successors who flourish.. . . Thus it is generally only the most worthless and wretched kind of money-capitalists that draw the greatest profit from all new developments of the universal labour of the human spirit and their social application by combined labour. (Marx, 1981, p. 199). Acknowledging the risks of innovation reveals the resistance of small entities to innovation as more rational for their survival than the scholarly prescriptions of the value of innovation for competitive advantage. The comparative advantage derivable from innovation can itself be understood from the relation of machinery to the direct human labor it supplants: As machinery comes into general use in a particular branch of production, the social value of the machinery product sinks down to its individual value, and the following law asserts itself: surplus-value does not arise from the labour-power that has been replaced by the machinery, but from the labour-power actually employed in working with the machinery. (Marx, 1976, p. 530) The more sophisticated theoretical and historical framework can both explain and dissolve the productivity paradox. The risks of Innovation limit rewards to pioneers, but, over time, their activities raise the productivity of labor: Consider, for instance, the contrast between the amount of direct human labor and the costs of that labor involved in Che copying of documents by hand, with a subsequent oral collation, in a mid-19th century legal practice (Melville, 1997) with modern technologies for copying files. In conclusion, the interest of the collection to information science lies in the further revelation of analogous concerns in another discipline, in the internal realization of the theoretical poverty of that discipline, and even, at points, that the control over processes of innovation offered by standard approaches was illusory, and in the emergence, not yet in fully articulated form, of a more sophisticated perspective."

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Abstract

The Fraunhofer Competence Center Knowledge Management presents in this second edition its up-dated and extended research results an business-process oriented knowledge management, pro-active change management, KM strategy, knowledge structuring and KM audit, reviews the latest advancements in measuring intellectual capital and classifies more than 100 KM tools. Best Practices in KM are described by the Swiss Benchmarking Center TECTEM at University St. Gallen and in case studies from pricewinning companies like Aventis and Siemens as well as from Arthur D. Little, British Aerospate plc., Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Phonak and Roche. New survey results an KM from EFQM, OECD and an "The Future of Knowledge Management" are presented. The book concludes with an overview an research funded by the European Commission in order to make "KM Made in Europe" a reality.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 52(2001) no.12, S.1084-1085 (C.J. Barr)

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.8, S.802-803 (C. Chen)

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Abstract

An in-depth analysis of strategic management concepts and techniques and how they can be usefully applied to the planning and delivery of information services. Offers practical guidance on the strategy process from appraisal and assessment through to implementation and improvement. Examines the environment in which planning takes place, and financial management issues.Annotated references to management and information service literature.Includes further reading and index. Sheila Corrall is the University Librarian at the University of Reading. She has worked as an information specialist, manager and consultant in public, and national academic libraries. At the British Library, her roles included policy and planning support to top management and responsibility for a portfolio of revenue-earning services in science, technology, patents and business information.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Australian library journal 49(2000) no.4, S.387-389 (A.G. Smith)

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Abstract

In einem Kapitel wird der "Downfall of the Encyclopedia Industry" beschrieben.

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Abstract

Today's publishing infrastructure is rapidly changing. As electronic journals, digital libraries, collaboratories, logic servers, and other knowledge infrastructures emerge an the internet, the key aspects of this transformation need to be identified. Knowledge is becoming increasingly dynamic and integrated. Instead of writing self-contained articles, authors are turning to the new practice of embedding their findings into dynamic networks of knowledge. Here, the author details the implications that this transformation is having an the creation, dissemination and organization of academic knowledge. The author Shows that many established publishing principles need to be given up in order to facilitate this transformation. The text provides valuable insights for knowledge managers, designers of internet-based knowledge infrastructures, and professionals in the publishing industry. Researchers will find the scenarios and implications for research processes stimulating and thought-provoking.

LCSH

Communication in science / Technological innovations

Subject

Communication in science / Technological innovations

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Abstract

Ontologies have been developed and investigated for quite a while now in artificial intelligente and natural language processing to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse. More recently, the notion of ontologies has attracied attention from fields such as intelligent information integration, cooperative information systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and knowledge management. The author systematicaliy introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internet-based electronic commerce. In the second part of the book, the author presents a more technical view an emerging Web standards, like XML, RDF, XSL-T, or XQL, allowing for structural and semantic modeling and description of data and information.