Search (67 results, page 2 of 4)

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Abstract

For senior executives, the ability to work with large quantities of information - sorting the wheat from the chaff- has long been recognised as a key determinant of achievement. What an executive believes to be important information can have a significant influence on what they think and how they think about it. Senior executives, because of their critical leadership role, are challenged in their daily lives to develop effective ways of acquiring, using and sharing important information. Some executives are undoubtedly better than others in how they handle such information and there is a high level of interest in identifying those information behavior characteristics that lead to executive excellence (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). Because of their position within organizations, CEOs - those senior executives who have overall responsibility for the management of the organization or business unit - are particularly concerned with enhancing their information behavior. CEOs have the task of managing the organization so that it achieves its strategic goals and objectives. And a critical part of this task is becoming highly effective in managing a wide range of information and in developing skills of influence and decision making. It is therefore important for us to understand how senior executives handle information on a day-to-day basis. What information do they consider important? And why? Several studies have sought to address these questions with varying degrees of success. Some have set out to better understand what type of information senior executives need (McLeod & Jones, 1987) while other studies have attempted to provide a comprehensive theoretical base for executive work (Mintzberg, 1968; 1973; 1975). Yet other work has tried to devise various tools and methodologies for eliciting the unique information requirements of individual executives (Rockart, 1979).

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to focus on knowledge management implementation from an organisational culture perspective and analyse the relationship between knowledge and power within this context. It outlines the reasons why knowledge is a power resource, and proposes that, as such, it can only be managed successfully within the framework of an effective and legitimate use of all organisational power resources. The paper looks at the factors that constitute a legitimate use of power in the Western organisational context of the twenty-first century which in turn engenders the development of trust within employment relationships. The development of trust ensures that knowledge is used to further the achievement of organisational goals. Finally, the paper addresses the ways in which effective knowledge management practice contributes to this desired state, and outlines the role of the knowledge manager in facilitating this. Design/methodology/approach - The method adopted is a literature-based analysis of the main issues covered. These include: the development of the knowledge society and attendant theories around optimal organisational structures, the relationship between knowledge and power, the development of legitimate authority within organisations, and how this impacts on the creation of trust, and finally the impact which the presence of trust has on knowledge-sharing behaviours within the organisation. Findings - Pulling together evidence from across a wide range of academic disciplines leads to the conclusion that the successful management of the relationship between access to knowledge and access to power must be framed within an overall organisational context, in which all power resources are seen to be exercised in a legitimate manner. In this context, knowledge is no longer regarded as a personal power resource, but rather as a communal resource which will then be more likely to be shared freely in order to facilitate the joint and mutually beneficial achievement of organisational goals. Underpinning this organisational dynamic is an environment of trust. Originality/value - The paper provides a summary of the literature around pivotal aspects of the question of the relationship between access to knowledge and the perception of knowledge as a source of power in the organisational context. It pulls together a range of material looking at the needs of the knowledge economy and at issues around the development of legitimate authority and the development of trust in the organisational context. It then relates this back to the successful development of a knowledge-sharing culture, and outlines the role of the knowledge manager in working with employees at all levels in the organisation in developing an optimal culture for knowledge creation and sharing.

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Date

22. 2.1997 19:44:14

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Date

2. 2.2003 18:31:22

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Date

7. 7.1999 12:22:42

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Date

12. 8.2002 13:22:13

Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
- Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen Protokolle, Technologien und Standards existieren inzwischen mannigfaltig und lediglich für spezifische Anwendungen entstehen weitere Grundlagen. In dem vorliegenden Band gibt es etwa ein Datenmodell für XML-Datenbanken (Wuwongse et al.) und den Vorschlag einer 3DModellierung (Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Auch für Proxy-Server werden neue Algorithmen entwickelt (Aguilar & Leiss). - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming Neben klassischen Themen des Information Retrieval wie kontrolliertem Vokabular (Sim & Wong), Ranking (Wang & Maguire), Kategorisierung (Loia & Luongo) und Term-Erweiterung (Huang, Oyang & Chien) stehen auch typische Web Information Retrieval Themen. Multimedia Retrieval spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Web und dazu gibt es Beiträge zu Audio (Wieczorkowska & Ra- Wan, Liu & Wang) und Grafiken (Fukumoto & Cho, Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Das Hype-Thema Link-Analyse schlägt auch gleich den Bogen hin zum Web-Mining, ist mit fünf Beiträgen aber eher unterrepräsentiert. Link-Analyse stellt die Frage, was sich aus den inzwischen wohl über zehn Milliarden Links im Internet folgern lässt. So extrahieren zwei Beiträge die zeitliche Veränderung sozialer Strukturen in Web Communities. Matsumura et al. untersuchen, ob Außenseiter sich auch für die innerhalb einer Community diskutierten Themen interessieren und werten dies als Maß für die Verbreitung des Themas. Bun & Ishizuka interessieren sich nur für die Änderungen innerhalb einer Gruppe von thematisch zusammengehörigen Web-Abgeboten und analysieren in diesem Korpus die wichtigsten Sätze, die neu entstehende Themen am besten repräsentieren. Andere Mining-Beiträge befassen sich mit der Erstellung von Sprachressourcen (Chau & Yeh). - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen Für das Informationsmanagement gelten Ontologien zur Beschreibung des vorhandenen Wissens als wichtiges Instrument und dementsprechend ist "Ontologie" auch ein Kandidat für das höchst-frequente Wort in dem Tagungsband.
Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."

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Pages

S.7-22

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Source

Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23

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Date

22. 2.1999 16:01:46

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Date

22. 2.1999 17:13:55

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Source

Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers

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Abstract

Briefly describes the information products and services, the related databases, development of digital library and web-resources and web-based services, vocabulary control tools, networking, and other projects of the Library of the National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI), Bangalore. Acknowledges the involvement of and advice and assistance provided by Prof. A. Neelameghan to these programmes and projects.

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Source

Knowledge and policy. 8(1995) no.1, S.5-22

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Source

Managing information. 2(1995) no.12, S.22-25