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Source

Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.2, S.64-69

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Abstract

This paper takes a second look at three prevailing main themes in knowledge organization: i) the academic disciplines as the main structural principle; ii) the fiction/non-fiction distinction; and iii) the appropriate unit of analysis in online retrieval systems. The history and origin of bibliographic classification [Dewey, Bliss, Mills, Beghtol] are discussed from the perspective of pragmatist philosophy and social studies of science [Kuhn, Merton, Reich]. Choices of structural principles in different schemes are found to rely on more or less implicit philosophical foundations, ranging from rationalism to pragmatism. It is further shown how the increasing application of faceted structures as basic structural principles in universal classification schemes [DDC, UDC] impose rationalistic principles and structures for knowledge organization which are not in alignment with the development of knowledge in the covered disciplines. Further evidence of rationalism in knowledge organization is the fiction/non-fiction distinction, excluding the important role of artistic resources for, in particular, humanistic research. Finally, for the analysis of appropriate bibliographic unit, it is argued that there is a need to shift towards a semiotic approach, founded on an understanding of intertextuality, rather than applying standard principles of hierarchical decomposition of documents. It is concluded that a change in classification research is needed, founded on a more historical and social understanding of knowledge

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Abstract

Reports the completion of the computerized Master Reference File of the UDC and shows how it was compiled. Examines editions used a sources, especially the International Medium Edition in English and French, outlines the new sections of physical chemistry and languages and indicates plans for the future development of the scheme on a more rigorously faceted basis. The recent French and Spanish editions are discussed

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Abstract

When we first began discussing with Peter Paulson, executive director of OCLC Forest Press, the possibility of translating into Spanish the twentieth edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification, and even during the initial contact we had with the late John A. Humphry, we knew that the project would be a complex and hard task. The reality was that the project exceeded all expectations and was much more complex and difficult than we had anticipated. This not only made it more interesting for those who participated in its development, but also made it an extraordinary challenge, especially due to the time frame initially foreseen for its development: eight to ten months. Once we agreed with Peter Paulson on the basic terms of the project, Rojas Eberhard Editores was able to convince Information Handling Services (a company located in Denver, Colorado, known worldwide for its products and services in the field of technological information) to participate with us in this translation and publication project. Information Handling Services channeled its participation through its subsidiary in Mexico, to facilitate the integration of the project into the main zone of influence of the final product: Latin America.

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Abstract

African independent churches have in the last four decades grown in number and in membership. They have become Africans' own way of spreading the Word of God. However, despite several years of their existence and the publication of some books on them, the major classification schemes which are widely used in libraries, namely the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Library of Congress Classification, and the Universal Decimal Classification, have no provision for classifying books on them. The paper describes the nature of these churches and observes that they meet the criteria of a Christian church. It suggests how the three classification schems could be revised to make provision for classifying books on the subject

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Content

This work is a comprehensive guide to Edition 21 of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC 21). The previous edition was edited by John Phillip Comaromi, who also was the editor of DDC 20 and thus was able to impart in its pages information about the inner workings of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, which guides the Classification's development. The manual begins with a brief history of the development of Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) up to this edition and its impact internationally. It continues on to a review of the general structure of DDC and the 21st edition in particular, with emphasis on the framework ("Hierarchical Order," "Centered Entries") that aids the classifier in its use. An extensive part of this manual is an in-depth review of how DDC is updated with each edition, such as reductions and expansions, and detailed lists of such changes in each table and class. Each citation of a change indicates the previous location of the topic, usually in parentheses but also in textual explanations ("moved from 248.463"). A brief discussion of the topic moved or added provides substance to what otherwise would be lists of numbers. Where the changes are so dramatic that a new class or division structure has been developed, Comparative and Equivalence Tables are provided in volume 1 of DDC 21 (such as Life sciences in 560-590); any such list in this manual would only be redundant. In these cases, the only references to changes in this work are those topics that were moved from other classes. Besides these citations of changes, each class is introduced with a brief background discussion about its development or structure or both to familiarize the user with it. A new aspect in this edition of the DDC study manual is that it is combined with Marty Bloomberg and Hans Weber's An Introduction to Classification and Number Building in Dewey (Libraries Unlimited, 1976) to provide a complete reference for the application of DDC. Detailed examples of number building for each class will guide the classifier through the process that results in classifications for particular works within that class. In addition, at the end of each chapter, lists of book summaries are given as exercises in number analysis, with Library of Congress-assigned classifications to provide benchmarks. The last chapter covers book, or author, numbers, which-combined with the classification and often the date-provide unique call numbers for circulation and shelf arrangement. Guidelines in the application of Cutter tables and Library of Congress author numbers complete this comprehensive reference to the use of DDC 21. As with all such works, this was a tremendous undertaking, which coincided with the author completing a new edition of Conversion Tables: LC-Dewey, Dewey-LC (Libraries Unlimited, forthcoming). Helping hands are always welcome in our human existence, and this book is no exception. Grateful thanks are extended to Jane Riddle, at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Library, and to Darryl Hines, at SANAD Support Technologies, Inc., for their kind assistance in the completion of this study manual.

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Abstract

Outlines the bibliographic enterprise envisaged by Otlet and LaFontaine, which resulted in the UDC being developed in 1895, and the subsequent history of the scheme. Relationship with DDC from which it was derived deteriorated in the early 20th century and changes in funding, location, and editorship of Duyvis from 1929-59 had a profound effect on the scheme's development and management. Lloyd, Duyvis successor, reformed the revision structure, and further management changes from 1975 to the present day, culminated in the formation of the UDC Consortium in 1992. Notes the subsequent creation of a machine-readable Master Reference File and speedier revision procedures. Examines the scheme's structure, development, and influence on classification theory, problems caused by longevity and lack of standrad procedures, and highlights proposals for their reform to improve the scheme's suitability for an automated world. Explores research projects in 1960s which foreshadowed possibilities today, such as a complementary thesaurus and individualisation of single concepts notationally. Emphasizes the value of classification in a multilingual environment and outlines the future developments