Search (42 results, page 1 of 3)

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Date

14. 8.2002 11:47:22

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Abstract

Google News and other newsbots have automated the process of news selection, providing Internet users with a virtually limitless array of news and public information dynamically culled from thousands of news organizations all over the world. In order to help users cope with the resultant overload of information, news leads are typically accompanied by three cues: (a) the name of the primary source from which the headline and lead were borrowed, (b) the time elapsed since the story broke, and (c) the number of related articles written about this story by other news organizations tracked by the newsbot. This article investigates the psychological significance of these cues by positing that the information scent transmitted by each cue triggers a distinct heuristic (mental shortcut) that tends to influence online users' perceptions of a given news item, with implications for their assessment of the item's relevance to their information needs and interests. A large 2 x 3 x 6 withinsubjects online experiment (N = 523) systematically varied two levels of the source credibility cue, three levels of the upload recency cue and six levels of the number-ofrelated-articles cue in an effort to investigate their effects upon perceived message credibility, newsworthiness, and likelihood of clicking on the news lead. Results showed evidence for source primacy effect, and some indication of a cue-cumulation effect when source credibility is low. Findings are discussed in the context of machine and bandwagon heuristics.

Date

7. 3.2007 16:22:24

Object

Google news

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Abstract

Electronic news has long held the promise of personalized and dynamic delivery of current event new items, particularly for Web users. Although wlwctronic versions of print news are now widely available, the personalization of that delivery has not yet been accomplished. In this paper, we present a methodology of associating news documents based on the extraction of feature phrases, where feature phrases identify dates, locations, people and organizations. A news representation is created from these feature phrases to define news objects that can then be compared and ranked to find related news items. Unlike tradtional information retrieval, we are much more interested in precision than recall. That is, the user would like to see one or more specifically related articles, rather than all somewhat related articles. The algorithm is designed to work interactively the the user using regular web browsers as the interface

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Abstract

As the Web has become a major channel of information dissemination, many newspapers expand their services by providing electronic versions of news information on the Web. However, most investors find it difficult to search for the financial information of interest from the huge Web information space-information overloading problem. In this article, we present a personal agent that utilizes user profiles and user relevance feedback to search for the Chinese Web financial news articles on behalf of users. A Chinese indexing component is developed to index the continuously fetched Chinese financial news articles. User profiles capture the basic knowledge of user preferences based on the sources of news articles, the regions of the news reported, categories of industries related, the listed companies, and user-specified keywords. User feedback captures the semantics of the user rated news articles. The search engine ranks the top 20 news articles that users are most interested in and report to the user daily or on demand. Experiments are conducted to measure the performance of the agents based on the inputs from user profiles and user feedback. It shows that simply using the user profiles does not increase the precision of the retrieval. However, user relevance feedback helps to increase the performance of the retrieval as the user interact with the system until it reaches the optimal performance. Combining both user profiles and user relevance feedback produces the best performance

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Abstract

Most on-line news sources are electronic versions of "ink-on-paper" newspapers. These are versions that have been filtered, from the mass of news produced each day, by an editorial board with a given community profile in mind. As readers, we choose the filter rather than choose the stories. New technology, however, provides the potential for personalized versions to be filtered automatically from this mass of news on the basis of user profiles. People read the news for many reasons: to find out "what's going on," to be knowledgeable members of a community, and because the activity itself is pleasurable. Given this, we ask the question, "How much filtering is acceptable to readers?" In this study, an evaluation of user preference for personal editions versus community editions of on-line news was performed. A personalized edition of a local newspaper was created for each subject based on an elliptical model that combined the user profile and community profile as represented by the full edition of the local newspaper. The amount of emphasis given the user profile and the community profile was varied to test the subjects' reactions to different amounts of personalized filtering. The task was simply, "read the news," rather than any subject specific information retrieval task. The results indicate that users prefer the coarse-grained community filters to fine-grained personalized filters

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Content

Key Features - Includes chapters an key topics such as elections, parliaments, prime ministers and presidents - Contains case studies of typical searches - Highlights useful political science Internet sites. The Author Heather Dawson is an Assistant Librarian at the British Library of Political and Economic Science and Politics and Government Editor of SOSIG (The Social Science Information Gateway). Readership This book is aimed at researchers, librarians/ information workers handling reference enquiries and students. Contents Getting started an using the Internet - search tools available, information gateways, search terms, getting further information Political science research - getting started, key organisations, key web sites Elections - using the Internet to follow an election, information an electoral systems, tracing election results, future developments (e.g. digital archive) Political parties - what is online, constructing searches, key sites, where to find information Heads of state (Presidents and Prime Ministers) - tracing news stories, Speeches, directories worldwide Parliaments - what is happening in Parliament, tracing MPs, Bills, devolution and regional parliaments in the UK; links to useful sites with directories of parliaments worldwide Government departments - tracing legislation, statistics and consultation papers Political science education - information an courses, grants, libraries, searching library catalogues, tracing academic staff members Keeping up-to-date - political news stories, political research and forthcoming events

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Source

Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 26(2000), no.6, Aug/Sept, S.22-25

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Abstract

Kaye and Johnson are interested in the effect of interaction with the Internet on time spent with more traditional media by persons with a strong interest in politics, a topic on which previous research has provided conflicting results. They posted a survey on the Web requesting respondents from within the United States which was advertised in politically oriented newsgroups, political chat rooms, politically oriented web sites, and posted on 40 search services and which collected data from the responding convenience sample of 442 in 2000 and 307 in 1996. Respondents were asked about change in their time spent with traditional media, as well as their trust in government, self efficacy, interest in politics, reliance on traditional sources, reliance on the web, other internet based electronic information sources, and their demographic characteristics. Over the time period female respondents increased from one quarter to one third. The average age increased by 10.8 years, and those reporting a high level of trust in government increased from 11.9% to 35.2%. Reported high self efficacy rose from 44.7% to 74%. Internet users are spending significantly less time reading news magazines in the second survey, and while the difference in television viewing is not significantly different, the decrease in radio listening for political information is. Respondents also report spending significantly less time talking about politics in 2000. About one half the respondents report spending less time with traditional media while the other half claim the internet has not effected their use of these sources.

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Date

22. 3.2008 12:21:28

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Date

7.10.2002 9:22:14

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to explore some initial and necessarily broad ideas about the effects of the world wide web on our methods of understanding and trusting, online and off. Design/methodology/approach - The paper considers the idea of trust via some of the revolutionary meanings inherent in the world wide web at its public conception in 1994, and some of its different meanings now. It does so in the context of the collaborative reader-writer Web2.0 (of today), and also through a brief exploration of our relationship to the grand narratives (and some histories) of the post-war West. It uses a variety of formal approaches taken from information science, literary criticism, philosophy, history, and journalism studies - together with some practical analysis based on 15 years as a web practitioner and content creator. It is a starting point. Findings - This paper suggests that a pronounced effect of the world wide web is the further atomising of many once-shared Western post-war narratives, and the global democratising of doubt as a powerful though not necessarily helpful epistemological tool. The world wide web is the place that most actively demonstrates contemporary doubt. Research limitations/implications - This is the starting place for a piece of larger cross-faculty (and cross-platform) research into the arena of trust and doubt. In particular, the relationship of concepts such as news, event, history and myth with the myriad content platforms of new media, the idea of the digital consumer, and the impact of geography on knowledge that is enshrined in the virtual. This paper attempts to frame a few of the initial issues inherent in the idea of "trust" in the digital age and argues that without some kind of shared aesthetics of narrative judgment brought about through a far broader public understanding of (rather than an interpretation of) oral, visual, literary and multi-media narratives, stories and plots, we cannot be said to trust many types of knowledge - not just in philosophical terms but also in our daily actions and behaviours. Originality/value - This paper initiates debate about whether the creation of a new academic "space" in which cross-faculty collaborations into the nature of modern narrative (in terms of production and consumption; producers and consumers) might be able to help us to understand more of the social implications of the collaborative content produced for consumption on the world wide web.

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35

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Date

22. 7.2006 16:40:18

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Content

Key Features - No other book currently available specifically addresses this highly topical subject - Weblogs are becoming more important as sources of up-to-date information an many different topics, and so librarians need to be aware of these resources, how they are created and by whom - Weblogs are already important as sources of news and current professional information in the field of library and information science; this book helps librarians to become familiar with the best weblogs in this field - While relatively few libraries have created their own weblogs, the use of weblogs has been recommended in the library/information press as a way of providing information for library patrons; this book helps library managers to make decisions about a weblog for their library

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.
Unlike muck of the professional library literature, Net Effects is not an open-aimed embrace of technology. Block even suggests that it is helpful to have a Luddite or two an each library staff to identify the setbacks associated with technological advances in the library. Each of the book's 10 chapters deals with one Internet-related problem, such as "Chapter 4-The Shifted Librarian: Adapting to the Changing Expectations of Our Wired (and Wireless) Users," or "Chapter 8-Up to Our Ears in Lawyers: Legal Issues Posed by the Net." For each of these 10 problems, multiple solutions are offered. For example, for "Chapter 9-Disappearing Data," four solutions are offered. These include "Link-checking," "Have a technological disaster plan," "Advise legislators an the impact proposed laws will have," and "Standards for preservation of digital information." One article is given to explicate each of these four solutions. A short bibliography of recommended further reading is also included for each chapter. Block provides a short introduction to each chapter, and she comments an many of the entries. Some of these comments seem to be intended to provide a research basis for the proposed solutions, but they tend to be vague generalizations without citations, such as, "We know from research that students would rather ask each other for help than go to adults. We can use that (p. 91 )." The original publication dates of the entries range from 1997 to 2002, with the bulk falling into the 2000-2002 range. At up to 6 years old, some of the articles seem outdated, such as a 2000 news brief announcing the creation of the first "customizable" public library Web site (www.brarydog.net). These critiques are not intended to dismiss the volume entirely. Some of the entries are likely to find receptive audiences, such as a nuts-and-bolts instructive article for making Web sites accessible to people with disabilities. "Providing Equitable Access," by Cheryl H. Kirkpatrick and Catherine Buck Morgan, offers very specific instructions, such as how to renovate OPAL workstations to suit users with "a wide range of functional impairments." It also includes a useful list of 15 things to do to make a Web site readable to most people with disabilities, such as, "You can use empty (alt) tags (alt="') for images that serve a purely decorative function. Screen readers will skip empty (alt) tags" (p. 157). Information at this level of specificity can be helpful to those who are faced with creating a technological solution for which they lack sufficient technical knowledge or training.

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10.12.2005 11:22:13

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10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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15. 2.2007 19:05:22

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.6, S.561-562 (J.P. Renaud): "While definitions of democracy are topics of debate, political activists and potentates, respectively, hope or fear that a relationship exists between expanded access to information and expanded public interest in shaping policy. The current U.S. presidential election cycle has brought dramatic attention to this, with primary candidates using the Internet both to reach out to disaffected potential voters and to quite effectively raise funds for their campaigns. In short, this "new media" is no longer a novelty in the political arena, but a force that commands respect. In Democracy and New Media, the editors have assembled contributions from the social sciences, humanities, information science, and communication studies that attempt to address the relationship between democracy and evolving technology, using empirical and theoretical analysis. In addition, policy makers and shapers are represented in this volume, sharing interpretations of the impact of Internet technology upon democratic processes and structures. In keeping with the deliberative stance of the work, Clinton advisor Ira Magaziner's essay appears next to that of The Heritage Foundation's David Winton. The book's strength is that it is balanced in a way that reflects intellectual conceptions of both the Internet and democracy, and thus avoids the tendency of some other collections of essays to become either stridently one-sided or, worse, a point/ counterpoint collection along the lines of the basic Taking Sides series. This volume is the second in the Media in Transition Series, standing between New Media, 1740-1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey Pingree, and Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition, edited by Jenkins and Thorburn. Democracy and the Internet: Some Considerations might have been a more accurate title for the volume under consideration here, because this tome poses questions and attempts to frame discussion, rather than provide concrete answers or definitive arguments. Andrew Feenberg's work, Questioning Technology (1999) and the essay collection Society an the Line: Information Politics in the Digital Age (1999), edited by William H. Dutton, will definitely be worthwhile reading for scholars interested in these topics. Other books that pursue similar lines of dialogue and are worth examining are the essay collection Virtual Politics: Identity and Community in Cyberspace (1997), edited by David Holmes, and Decomcracy.com? (1999), edited by Elaine Cuilla Kamarck and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Articles that will complement these essays are Antje Gimmler's work, "Deliberative Democracy, the Public Sphere and the Internet," that appeared in Philosophy and Social Criticism 2 (2001), and a study by Thomas Johnson and Barbara Kaye, "A Boost or Bust for Democracy: How the Web Influenced Political Attitudes and Behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential Elections," that appeared in Press/Politics 8 (2003). Democracy and New Media is arranged around three themes. The first section, How Democratic Is Cyberspace? contains 11 essays. This is the most far-reaching and theoretical section of the book. The second section, a four-essay piece called Global Developments, raises some interesting questions that serve as micro examples of issues pursued at a more theoretical level in previous and subsequent chapters. The comparative nature of the volume is seen here, with chapters addressing the impact of technology an a nation interspersed with chapters that ultimately describe countries or regions where technology is absent in all but the most rudimentary forms. These contrasts, and the insights of the writers, allow seemingly disparate topics to become an intriguing dialogue. The third chapter, News and Information in the Digital Age, examines the changes created by faster and more accessible media.