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  1. Semantic digital libraries (2009) 0.14
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    Abstract
    Libraries have always been an inspiration for the standards and technologies developed by semantic web activities. However, except for the Dublin Core specification, semantic web and social networking technologies have not been widely adopted and further developed by major digital library initiatives and projects. Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories. Kruk and McDaniel present semantic web-related aspects of current digital library activities, and introduce their functionality; they show examples ranging from general architectural descriptions to detailed usages of specific ontologies, and thus stimulate the awareness of researchers, engineers, and potential users of those technologies. Their presentation is completed by chapters on existing prototype systems such as JeromeDL, BRICKS, and Greenstone, as well as a look into the possible future of semantic digital libraries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in areas like digital libraries, the semantic web, social networks, and information retrieval. This audience will benefit from detailed descriptions of both today's possibilities and also the shortcomings of applying semantic web technologies to large digital repositories of often unstructured data.
    Content
    Inhalt: Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web: Introduction / Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization / Dagobert Soergel - Semantic Web and Ontologies / Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Social Semantic Information Spaces / John G. Breslin A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries: Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel - Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki and Ewelina Kruk - Long-time Preservation / Markus Reis Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries: Bibliographic Ontology / Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Community-aware Ontologies / Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk and Bill McDaniel Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL: The Social Semantic Digital Library / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki and Maciej Dabrowski - The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure / Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knezevié - Semantics in Greenstone / Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge and Ian Witten Building the Future - Semantic Digital Libraries in Use: Hyperbooks / Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima and Jean-Claude Ziswiler - Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving / Bill McDaniel - Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk and Katarzyna Stankiewicz - Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    RSWK
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Aufsatzsammlung
    Subject
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Aufsatzsammlung
    Semantic Web
  2. Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European conference, ECDL2003 Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003. Proceedings (2003) 0.10
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2003, held in Trondheim, Norway in August 2003. The 39 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on uses, users, and user interfaces; metadata applications; annotation and recommendation; automatic classification and indexing; Web technologies; topical crawling and subject gateways; architectures and systems; knowledge organization; collection building and management; information retrieval; digital preservation; and indexing and searching of special documents and collection information.
    Content
    Inhalt: Uses, Users, and User Interaction Metadata Applications - Semantic Browsing / Alexander Faaborg, Carl Lagoze Annotation and Recommendation Automatic Classification and Indexing - Cross-Lingual Text Categorization / Nuria Bel, Cornelis H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas - Automatic Multi-label Subject Indexing in a Multilingual Environment / Boris Lauser, Andreas Hotho Web Technologies Topical Crawling, Subject Gateways - VASCODA: A German Scientific Portal for Cross-Searching Distributed Digital Resource Collections / Heike Neuroth, Tamara Pianos Architectures and Systems Knowledge Organization: Concepts - The ADEPT Concept-Based Digital Learning Environment / T.R. Smith, D. Ancona, O. Buchel, M. Freeston, W. Heller, R. Nottrott, T. Tierney, A. Ushakov - A User Evaluation of Hierarchical Phrase Browsing / Katrina D. Edgar, David M. Nichols, Gordon W. Paynter, Kirsten Thomson, Ian H. Witten - Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries / Qinwei Zhu, Marcos Andre Gongalves, Rao Shen, Lillian Cassell, Edward A. Fox Collection Building and Management Knowledge Organization: Authorities and Works - Automatic Conversion from MARC to FRBR / Christian Monch, Trond Aalberg Information Retrieval in Different Application Areas Digital Preservation Indexing and Searching of Special Document and Collection Information
    RSWK
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
    Subject
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Trondheim <2003>
  3. Heflin, J.; Hendler, J.: ¬A portrait of the Semantic Web in action (2001) 0.09
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    Abstract
    Without semantically enriched content, the Web cannot reach its full potential. The authors discuss tools and techniques for generating and processing such content, thus setting a foundation upon which to build the Semantic Web. In particular, they put a Semantic Web language through its paces and try to answer questions about how people can use it, such as, How do authors generate semantic descriptions? How do agents discover these descriptions? How can agents integrate information from different sites? How can users query the Semantic Web? The authors present a system that addresses these questions and describe tools that help users interact with the Semantic Web. They motivate the design of their system with a specific application: semantic markup for computer science.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  4. Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 10th European conference ; proceedings / ECDL 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 17 - 22, 2006 ; proceedings (2006) 0.09
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2006, held in Alicante, Spain in September 2006. The 36 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 18 demo papers and 15 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 159 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on architectures, preservation, retrieval, applications, methodology, metadata, evaluation, user studies, modeling, audiovisual content, and language technologies.
    Content
    Inhalt u.a.: Architectures I Preservation Retrieval - The Use of Summaries in XML Retrieval / Zoltdn Szldvik, Anastasios Tombros, Mounia Laimas - An Enhanced Search Interface for Information Discovery from Digital Libraries / Georgia Koutrika, Alkis Simitsis - The TIP/Greenstone Bridge: A Service for Mobile Location-Based Access to Digital Libraries / Annika Hinze, Xin Gao, David Bainbridge Architectures II Applications Methodology Metadata Evaluation User Studies Modeling Audiovisual Content Language Technologies - Incorporating Cross-Document Relationships Between Sentences for Single Document Summarizations / Xiaojun Wan, Jianwu Yang, Jianguo Xiao - Semantic Web Techniques for Multiple Views on Heterogeneous Collections: A Case Study / Marjolein van Gendt, Antoine Isaac, Lourens van der Meij, Stefan Schlobach Posters - A Tool for Converting from MARC to FRBR / Trond Aalberg, Frank Berg Haugen, Ole Husby
    RSWK
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Alicante <2006>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Alicante <2006>
    Subject
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Alicante <2006>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Alicante <2006>
  5. Menczer, F.: Lexical and semantic clustering by Web links (2004) 0.09
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    Abstract
    Recent Web-searching and -mining tools are combining text and link analysis to improve ranking and crawling algorithms. The central assumption behind such approaches is that there is a correiation between the graph structure of the Web and the text and meaning of pages. Here I formalize and empirically evaluate two general conjectures drawing connections from link information to lexical and semantic Web content. The link-content conjecture states that a page is similar to the pages that link to it, and the link-cluster conjecture that pages about the same topic are clustered together. These conjectures are offen simply assumed to hold, and Web search tools are built an such assumptions. The present quantitative confirmation sheds light an the connection between the success of the latest Web-mining techniques and the small world topology of the Web, with encouraging implications for the design of better crawling algorithms.
    Theme
    Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
  6. Aldana, J.F.; Gómez, A.C.; Moreno, N.; Nebro, A.J.; Roldán, M.M.: Metadata functionality for semantic Web integration (2003) 0.08
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    Abstract
    We propose an extension of a mediator architecture. This extension is oriented to ontology-driven data integration. In our architecture ontologies are not managed by an extemal component or service, but are integrated in the mediation layer. This approach implies rethinking the mediator design, but at the same time provides advantages from a database perspective. Some of these advantages include the application of optimization and evaluation techniques that use and combine information from all abstraction levels (physical schema, logical schema and semantic information defined by ontology). 1. Introduction Although the Web is probably the richest information repository in human history, users cannot specify what they want from it. Two major problems that arise in current search engines (Heflin, 2001) are: a) polysemy, when the same word is used with different meanings; b) synonymy, when two different words have the same meaning. Polysemy causes irrelevant information retrieval. On the other hand, synonymy produces lost of useful documents. The lack of a capability to understand the context of the words and the relationships among required terms, explains many of the lost and false results produced by search engines. The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, giving semantic relationships among terms and possibly avoiding the previous problems. Various proposals have appeared for meta-data representation and communication standards, and other services and tools that may eventually merge into the global Semantic Web (Berners-lee, 2001). Hopefully, in the next few years we will see the universal adoption of open standards for representation and sharing of meta-information. In this environment, software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users (Berners-Lee, 2001). In this context, ontologies can be seen as metadata that represent semantic of data; providing a knowledge domain standard vocabulary, like DTDs and XML Schema do. If its pages were so structured, the Web could be seen as a heterogeneous collection of autonomous databases. This suggests that techniques developed in the Database area could be useful. Database research mainly deals with efficient storage and retrieval and with powerful query languages.
  7. Social information retrieval systems : emerging technologies and applications for searching the Web effectively (2008) 0.08
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    Abstract
    This book provides relevant content in the areas of information retrieval systems, services, and research; covering topics such as social tagging, collaborative querying, social network analysis, subjective relevance judgments, and collaborative filtering. Answering the increasing demand for authoritative resources on Internet technologies, this will make an indispensable addition to any library collection
    Content
    Inhalt Collaborating to search effectively in different searcher modes through cues and specialty search / Naresh Kumar Agarwal and Danny C.C. Poo -- Collaborative querying using a hybrid content and results-based approach / Chandrani Sinha Ray ... [et al.] -- Collaborative classification for group-oriented organization of search results / Keiichi Nakata and Amrish Singh -- A case study of use-centered descriptions : archival descriptions of what can be done with a collection / Richard Butterworth -- Metadata for social recommendations : storing, sharing, and reusing evaluations of learning resources / Riina Vuorikari, Nikos Manouselis, and Erik Duval -- Social network models for enhancing reference-based search engine rankings / Nikolaos Korfiatis ... [et al.] -- From PageRank to social rank : authority-based retrieval in social information spaces / Sebastian Marius Kirsch ... [et al.] -- Adaptive peer-to-peer social networks for distributed content-based Web search / Le-Shin Wu ... [et al.] -- The ethics of social information retrieval / Brendan Luyt and Chu Keong Lee -- The social context of knowledge / Daniel Memmi -- Social information seeking in digital libraries / George Buchanan and Annika Hinze -- Relevant intra-actions in networked environments / Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson -- Publication and citation analysis as a tool for information retrieval / Ronald Rousseau -- Personalized information retrieval in a semantic-based learning environment / Antonella Carbonaro and Rodolfo Ferrini -- Multi-agent tourism system (MATS) / Soe Yu Maw and Myo-Myo Naing -- Hybrid recommendation systems : a case study on the movies domain / Konstantinos Markellos ... [et al.].
    LCSH
    Web search engines
    World Wide Web / Subject access
    Information storage and retrieval systems
    Information retrieval
    RSWK
    World Wide Web 2.0
    Information Retrieval / World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
    Subject
    Web search engines
    World Wide Web / Subject access
    Information storage and retrieval systems
    Information retrieval
    World Wide Web 2.0
    Information Retrieval / World Wide Web / Suchmaschine
  8. Burke, M.: ¬The semantic web and the digital library (2009) 0.08
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss alternative definitions of and approaches to the semantic web. It aims to clarify the relationship between the semantic web, Web 2.0 and Library 2.0. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on a literature review and evaluation of systems with semantic web features. It identifies and describes semantic web projects of relevance to libraries and evaluates the usefulness of JeromeDL and other social semantic digital library systems. It discusses actual and potential applications for libraries and makes recommendations for actions needed by researchers and practitioners. Findings - The paper concludes that the library community has a lot to offer to, and benefit from, the semantic web, but there is limited interest in the library community. It recommends that there be greater collaboration between semantic web researchers and project developers, library management systems providers and the library community. Librarians should get involved in the development of semantic web standards, for example, metadata and taxonomies. Originality/value - The paper clarifies the distinction between semantic web and Web 2.0 in a digital library environment. It evaluates and predicts future developments for operational systems.
    Object
    Web 2.0
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  9. Rosenfeld, L.; Morville, P.: Information architecture for the World Wide Web : designing large-scale Web sites (2007) 0.08
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    Abstract
    The scale of web site design has grown so that what was once comparable to decorating a room is now comparable to designing buildings or even cities. Designing sites so that people can find their way around is an ever-growing challenge as sites contain more and more information. In the past, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web has helped developers and designers establish consistent and usable structures for their sites and their information. This edition of the classic primer on web site design and navigation is updated with recent examples, new scenarios, and new information on best practices. Readers will learn how to present large volumes of information to visitors who need to find what they're looking for quickly. With topics that range from aesthetics to mechanics, this valuable book explains how to create interfaces that users can understand easily.
    Classification
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    Date
    22. 3.2008 16:18:27
    LCSH
    Web sites / Design
    Information storage and retrieval systems / Architecture
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Web-Seite / Gestaltung
    World Wide Web / Server
    Softwarearchitektur / Gestaltung / Web-Seite / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Informationsmanagement / World Wide Web (GBV)
    RVK
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Web-Seite / Gestaltung
    World Wide Web / Server
    Softwarearchitektur / Gestaltung / Web-Seite / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Informationsmanagement / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Web sites / Design
    Information storage and retrieval systems / Architecture
  10. Chen, Z.; Wenyin, L.; Zhang, F.; Li, M.; Zhang, H.: Web mining for Web image retrieval (2001) 0.07
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    Abstract
    The popularity of digital images is rapidly increasing due to improving digital imaging technologies and convenient availability facilitated by the Internet. However, how to find user-intended images from the Internet is nontrivial. The main reason is that the Web images are usually not annotated using semantic descriptors. In this article, we present an effective approach to and a prototype system for image retrieval from the Internet using Web mining. The system can also serve as a Web image search engine. One of the key ideas in the approach is to extract the text information on the Web pages to semantically describe the images. The text description is then combined with other low-level image features in the image similarity assessment. Another main contribution of this work is that we apply data mining on the log of users' feedback to improve image retrieval performance in three aspects. First, the accuracy of the document space model of image representation obtained from the Web pages is improved by removing clutter and irrelevant text information. Second, to construct the user space model of users' representation of images, which is then combined with the document space model to eliminate mismatch between the page author's expression and the user's understanding and expectation. Third, to discover the relationship between low-level and high-level features, which is extremely useful for assigning the low-level features' weights in similarity assessment
  11. Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 11th European conference, ECDL 2007 / Budapest, Hungary, September 16-21, 2007, proceedings (2007) 0.07
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    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2007, held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 2007. The 36 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 36 revised poster, demo papers and 2 panel descriptions were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 153 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ontologies, digital libraries and the web, models, multimedia and multilingual DLs, grid and peer-to-peer, preservation, user interfaces, document linking, information retrieval, personal information management, new DL applications, and user studies.
    Content
    Inhalt u.a.: Ontologies - Ontology-Based Question Answering for Digital Libraries / Stephan Bloehdorn, Philipp Cimiano, Alistair Duke, Peter Haase, Jörg Heizmann, Ian Thurlow and Johanna Völker Digital libraries and the Web Models Multimedia and multilingual DLs - Roadmap for MultiLingual Information Access in the European Library / Maristella Agosti, Martin Braschler, Nicola Ferro, Carol Peters and Sjoerd Siebinga Grid and peer-to-peer Preservation User interfaces Document linking Information retrieval - Thesaurus-Based Feedback to Support Mixed Search and Browsing Environments / Edgar Meij and Maarten de Rijke - Extending Semantic Matching Towards Digital Library Contexts / László Kovács and András Micsik Personal information management New DL applications User studies
    LCSH
    Information storage and retrieval systems
    Information Storage and Retrieval
    RSWK
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
    Subject
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Budapest <2007> / Online-Publikation
    Information storage and retrieval systems
    Information Storage and Retrieval
  12. Hocine, A.; Lo, M.; Smadhi, S.: Information retrieval on the Web : an approach using a base of concepts and XML (2000) 0.07
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    Abstract
    The emergence of XML as a new standard for documents semi-structured on the Web opens opportunities to improve the process of interrogation of Web sites. HTML's major inconvenience is that it does not allow one to distinguish the logical and physical aspects of documents. We propose a model of data-web based on XML, and a concepts base composed of a meta-data base and a domain thesaurus. The meta-data base includes information on the content, the semantic structure, and the organisation of data of the site. The process of searching for information is based on the exploitation of the elements of the concepts base and allows for an interactive search for relevant documents (or extractions from documents)
  13. Nait-Baha, L.; Jackiewicz, A.; Djioua, B.; Laublet, P.: Query reformulation for information retrieval on the Web using the point of view methodology : preliminary results (2001) 0.06
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    Abstract
    The work we are presenting is devoted to the information collected on the WWW. By the term collected we mean the whole process of retrieving, extracting and presenting results to the user. This research is part of the RAP (Research, Analyze, Propose) project in which we propose to combine two methods: (i) query reformulation using linguistic markers according to a given point of view; and (ii) text semantic analysis by means of contextual exploration results (Descles, 1991). The general project architecture describing the interactions between the users, the RAP system and the WWW search engines is presented in Nait-Baha et al. (1998). We will focus this paper on showing how we use linguistic markers to reformulate the queries according to a given point of view
  14. Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 9th European conference, ECDL 2005, Vienna, Austria, September 18 - 23, 2005 ; proceedings (2005) 0.05
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    Content
    Inhalt u.a.: - Digital Library Models and Architectures - Multimedia and Hypermedia Digital Libraries - XML - Building Digital Libraries - User Studies - Digital Preservation - Metadata - Digital Libraries and e-Learning - Text Classification in Digital Libraries - Searching - - Focused Crawling Using Latent Semantic Indexing - An Application for Vertical Search Engines / George Almpanidis, Constantine Kotropoulos, Ioannis Pitas - - Active Support for Query Formulation in Virtual Digital Libraries: A Case Study with DAFFODIL / Andre Schaefer, Matthias Jordan, Claus-Peter Klas, Norbert Fuhr - - Expression of Z39.50 Supported Search Capabilities by Applying Formal Descriptions / Michalis Sfakakis, Sarantos Kapidakis - Text Digital Libraries
    RSWK
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Wien <2005>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Wien <2005>
    Subject
    Elektronische Bibliothek / Multimedia / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Wien <2005>
    World Wide Web / Elektronische Bibliothek / Information Retrieval / Kongress / Wien <2005>
  15. Wenyin, L.; Chen, Z.; Li, M.; Zhang, H.: ¬A media agent for automatically builiding a personalized semantic index of Web media objects (2001) 0.05
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    Abstract
    A novel idea of media agent is briefly presented, which can automatically build a personalized semantic index of Web media objects for each particular user. Because the Web is a rich source of multimedia data and the text content on the Web pages is usually semantically related to those media objects on the same pages, the media agent can automatically collect the URLs and related text, and then build the index of the multimedia data, on behalf of the user whenever and wherever she accesses these multimedia data or their container Web pages. Moreover, the media agent can also use an off-line crawler to build the index for those multimedia objects that are relevant to the user's favorites but have not accessed by the user yet. When the user wants to find these multimedia data once again, the semantic index facilitates text-based search for her.
    Theme
    Web-Agenten
  16. Drabenstott, K.M.: Web search strategies (2000) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Surfing the World Wide Web used to be cool, dude, real cool. But things have gotten hot - so hot that finding something useful an the Web is no longer cool. It is suffocating Web searchers in the smoke and debris of mountain-sized lists of hits, decisions about which search engines they should use, whether they will get lost in the dizzying maze of a subject directory, use the right syntax for the search engine at hand, enter keywords that are likely to retrieve hits an the topics they have in mind, or enlist a browser that has sufficient functionality to display the most promising hits. When it comes to Web searching, in a few short years we have gone from the cool image of surfing the Web into the frying pan of searching the Web. We can turn down the heat by rethinking what Web searchers are doing and introduce some order into the chaos. Web search strategies that are tool-based-oriented to specific Web searching tools such as search en gines, subject directories, and meta search engines-have been widely promoted, and these strategies are just not working. It is time to dissect what Web searching tools expect from searchers and adjust our search strategies to these new tools. This discussion offers Web searchers help in the form of search strategies that are based an strategies that librarians have been using for a long time to search commercial information retrieval systems like Dialog, NEXIS, Wilsonline, FirstSearch, and Data-Star.
    Content
    "Web searching is different from searching commercial IR systems. We can learn from search strategies recommended for searching IR systems, but most won't be effective for Web searching. Web searchers need strate gies that let search engines do the job they were designed to do. This article presents six new Web searching strategies that do just that."
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
  17. Web intelligence: research and development : First Asia-Pacific Conference, WI 2001, Maebashi City, Japan, Oct. 23-26, 2001, Proceedings (2003) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
    - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen Protokolle, Technologien und Standards existieren inzwischen mannigfaltig und lediglich für spezifische Anwendungen entstehen weitere Grundlagen. In dem vorliegenden Band gibt es etwa ein Datenmodell für XML-Datenbanken (Wuwongse et al.) und den Vorschlag einer 3DModellierung (Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Auch für Proxy-Server werden neue Algorithmen entwickelt (Aguilar & Leiss). - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming Neben klassischen Themen des Information Retrieval wie kontrolliertem Vokabular (Sim & Wong), Ranking (Wang & Maguire), Kategorisierung (Loia & Luongo) und Term-Erweiterung (Huang, Oyang & Chien) stehen auch typische Web Information Retrieval Themen. Multimedia Retrieval spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Web und dazu gibt es Beiträge zu Audio (Wieczorkowska & Ra- Wan, Liu & Wang) und Grafiken (Fukumoto & Cho, Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Das Hype-Thema Link-Analyse schlägt auch gleich den Bogen hin zum Web-Mining, ist mit fünf Beiträgen aber eher unterrepräsentiert. Link-Analyse stellt die Frage, was sich aus den inzwischen wohl über zehn Milliarden Links im Internet folgern lässt. So extrahieren zwei Beiträge die zeitliche Veränderung sozialer Strukturen in Web Communities. Matsumura et al. untersuchen, ob Außenseiter sich auch für die innerhalb einer Community diskutierten Themen interessieren und werten dies als Maß für die Verbreitung des Themas. Bun & Ishizuka interessieren sich nur für die Änderungen innerhalb einer Gruppe von thematisch zusammengehörigen Web-Abgeboten und analysieren in diesem Korpus die wichtigsten Sätze, die neu entstehende Themen am besten repräsentieren. Andere Mining-Beiträge befassen sich mit der Erstellung von Sprachressourcen (Chau & Yeh). - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen Für das Informationsmanagement gelten Ontologien zur Beschreibung des vorhandenen Wissens als wichtiges Instrument und dementsprechend ist "Ontologie" auch ein Kandidat für das höchst-frequente Wort in dem Tagungsband.
    Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."
  18. Devadason, F.J.; Intaraksa, N.; Patamawongjariya, P.; Desai, K.: Faceted indexing based system for organizing and accessing Internet resources (2002) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Organizing and providing access to the resources an the Internet has been a problem area in spite of the availability of sophisticated search engines and other Software tools. There have been several attempts to organize the resources an the World Wide Web. Some of them have tried to use traditional library classification schemes such as the Library of Congress Classification, the Dewey Decimal Classification and others. However there is a need to assign proper subject headings to them and present them in a logical or hierarchical sequence to cater to the need for browsing. This paper attempts to describe an experimental system designed to organize and provide access to web documents using a faceted pre-coordinate indexing system based an the Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS) derived from POPSI (Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing) of Bhattacharyya, and the facet analysis and chain indexing system of Ranganathan. A prototype Software System has been designed to create a database of records specifying Web documents according to the Dublin Core and to input a faceted subject heading according to DSIS. Synonymous terms are added to the Standard terms in the heading using appropriate symbols. Once the data are entered along with a description and the URL of the web document, the record is stored in the System. More than one faceted subject heading can be assigned to a record depending an the content of the original document. The System stores the Surrogates and keeps the faceted subject headings separately after establishing a link. The search is carried out an index entries derived from the faceted subject heading using the chain indexing technique. If a single term is Input, the System searches for its presence in the faceted subject headings and displays the subject headings in a sorted sequence reflecting an organizing sequence. If the number of retrieved Keadings is too large (running into more than a page) the user has the option of entering another search term to be searched in combination. The System searches subject headings already retrieved and looks for those containing the second term. The retrieved faceted subject headings can be displayed and browsed. When the relevant subject heading is selected the system displays the records with their URLs. Using the URL, the original document an the web can be accessed. The prototype system developed in a Windows NT environment using ASP and a web server is under rigorous testing. The database and Index management routines need further development.
    An interesting but somewhat confusing article telling how the writers described web pages with Dublin Core metadata, including a faceted classification, and built a system that lets users browse the collection through the facets. They seem to want to cover too much in a short article, and unnecessary space is given over to screen shots showing how Dublin Core metadata was entered. The screen shots of the resulting browsable system are, unfortunately, not as enlightening as one would hope, and there is no discussion of how the system was actually written or the technology behind it. Still, it could be worth reading as an example of such a system and how it is treated in journals.
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch: Devadason, F.J.: Facet analysis and Semantic Web: musings of a student of Ranganathan. Unter: http://www.geocities.com/devadason.geo/FASEMWEB.html#FacetedIndex.
    Theme
    Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
    Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
  19. Dumais, S.; Chen, H.: Hierarchical classification of Web content (2000) 0.04
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    Source
    Proceedings of ACM SIGIR 23rd International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Ed. by N.J. Belkin, P. Ingwersen u. M.K. Leong
    Theme
    Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
  20. Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000) 0.04
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    Abstract
    Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
    Date
    16. 2.2000 14:22:39

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