-
Lipow, A.G.: ¬The virtual reference librarian's handbook (2003)
0.04
0.03716024 = product of:
0.106172115 = sum of:
0.024720443 = weight(_text_:monographien in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024720443 = score(doc=3992,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13425075 = queryWeight, product of:
6.666449 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.18413636 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.666449 = idf(docFreq=152, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.017508736 = weight(_text_:software in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017508736 = score(doc=3992,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.21915624 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.013932761 = weight(_text_:und in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013932761 = score(doc=3992,freq=52.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3121572 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
7.2111025 = tf(freq=52.0), with freq of:
52.0 = termFreq=52.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.017508736 = weight(_text_:software in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017508736 = score(doc=3992,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.21915624 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.012718986 = weight(_text_:der in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.012718986 = score(doc=3992,freq=42.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.28274342 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
6.4807405 = tf(freq=42.0), with freq of:
42.0 = termFreq=42.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.017508736 = weight(_text_:software in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017508736 = score(doc=3992,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.21915624 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.0022737146 = product of:
0.006821144 = sum of:
0.006821144 = weight(_text_:22 in 3992) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006821144 = score(doc=3992,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07052079 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.09672529 = fieldWeight in 3992, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=3992)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.35 = coord(7/20)
- Date
- 22. 3.2004 14:46:50
- Footnote
- Rez. in: B.I.T. online 6(2003) H.3, S.298-299 (J. Plieninger): "Wer im vorigen Heft von B.I.T.online den Fachbeitrag von Hermann Rösch über Bibliothekarische Auskunft im Web gelesen und sich daraufhin überlegt, einen solchen Dienst einzuführen, für den wäre dieses Buch das geeignete Mittel, sich für die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft fit zu machen. Die Autorin ist in der amerikanischen Internet Librarian- und Reference Librarian-Szene wohlbekannt: 1993 verfasste sie mit zwei Mitautoren Crossing the Internet Treshold, ein Tutorial für die Nutzung des Netzes, welches für die Profession eine Hilfestellung für die breite Nutzung des Internets bot. Das hier besprochene Buch könnte eine ähnliche Funktion für die Einführung der Virtual Reference bekommen: Es bietet einen Selbstlernkurs, welcher anschaulich die Grundlagen und die Grundhaltung bei der Implementation eines solchen Dienstes vermittelt. Was ist alles in diesem Kurs enthalten? Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt den Entscheidungsprozess, einen Online-Auskunftsdienst einzuführen: Es werden Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert, die Bedürfnisse der Benutzer untersucht ("There will always be a need for a human consultant to satisfy the needs of the information seeker.") und die Grundlagen der Entscheidungsfindung für eine geeignete Software behandelt. Der zweite Teil handelt dann von den Fragen der "Einrichtung" des virtuellen Auskunftsplatzes. Hier gibt es z.B. eine Schulung in den besonderen Kommunikationsformen, welche beim Chat zu beachten sind, eine Einbettung des neuen Dienstes in das Leitbild, die Geschäftsordnung bzw. Arbeitsorganisation der Bibliothek ("library policies") und zuletzt die komfortable Ausstattung des Auskunftsplatzes für Benutzer und Beschäftigte bis hin zu Fragen der Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Aufgabe, einen Dienst zu implementieren, der sich selbst trägt, indem man ein Marketing für den neuen Dienst einrichtet, das ihn auf herkömmlichen und neuen Wegen promotet und ihn benutzerfreundlich ausgestaltet.
Im umfangreichen Anhang (44 S.) sind Checklisten, Übungen und Schulungsunterlagen vor allem zur richtigen Kommunikation mit den Benutzern zu finden. Am Schluss des Buches befindet sich noch ein Stichwortverzeichnis. Beigelegt ist eine CD-ROM mit allen im Buch aufgeführten Übungen und Links, so dass man auch am Bildschirm darauf zurückgreifen bzw. sie ausdrucken kann. Hervorzuheben ist, dass das Buch als Arbeitsbuch ausgestattet ist, es gibt viel Raum für Notizen, es werden viele anschauliche Beispiele gegeben und zu jedem Kapitel werden mehrere Übungsaufgaben gestellt. Es ist ein typisches amerikanisches Einführungsbuch, das in beneidenswert anschaulicher und konsequent praktisch orientierter Art die Leserin/den Leser in ein neues Arbeitsfeld einführt, so dass man nach der Lektüre wirklich den Eindruck hat, in Stand gesetzt zu sein, einen solchen Service in professioneller Art und Weise aufbauen zu können. Vielleicht sollte noch hervorgehoben werden, dass die Autorin es verstanden hat, den Inhalt so zu gestalten, dass er ein längeres Haltbarkeitsdatum bietet: Obwohl alle grundsätzlichen Dinge abgehandelt werden, wie z.B. die Entscheidungsgrundlagen für eine Software, wird doch nie eine konkrete Software behandelt. Solche Angaben würden schnell veralten im Gegensatz zu den Kriterien, die Software beurteilen zu können. Die Autorin bemüht sich auch, Internet-Quellen aufzuführen und zu besprechen, wo man sich in diesen Fragen up to date halten kann. Ein Buch, das in die Hände all jener gehört, für welche die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft in Frage kommt. Hermann Rösch führte in seinem Artikel zum Schluss lediglich einige Universitätsbibliotheken an, welche bereits eine Online-Auskunft eingeführt haben. Werden die öffentlichen Bibliotheken einen solchen Dienst nur in kooperativer Art und Weise über die Deutsche Internetbibliothek anbieten? Hoffentlich nicht, da die Einrichtung eines Virtual Reference Desk eine hervorragende Gelegenheit darstellt, das Image der Bibliothek als Informationsvermittlungsstelle nachhaltig zu stärken und jenen Benutzern einen Zugang zur Information zu ermöglichen, welche nicht in die Bibliothek kommen. Jedenfalls gibt dieses Buch die Grundlage, das Für und Wider eines solchen Dienstes abzuwägen und im Falle einer Einrichtung auch die Schulung der betroffenen Auskunftsbibliothekarinnen/-bibliothekare auf eine solide Basis zu stellen."
Rez. in BuB 56(2004) H.3: "Auskunfts- und Informationsdienst wird in den USA als unverzichtbare und wohl wichtigste bibliothekarische Tätigkeit betrachtet. Daher verwundert nicht, dass die Popularisierung des Internet Bibliothekare und Bibliotheken frühzeitig dazu veranlasst hat, ihre Auskunftsdienstleistungen im Web anzubieten. Dies geschah zunächst durch organisierte Auskunft per E-Mail, später per Webformular und vor allem seit 2000/2001 verstärkt per Chat. Als zusammenfassende Bezeichnung für diese Varianten wird meist der Begriff digital reference verwendet. In den USA, aber auch in Australien, Großbritannien oder Skandinavien schenkt man dem Thema Digital Reference schon seit mehreren Jahren größte Aufmerksamkeit. Die Zahl der bislang dazu publizierten Fachaufsätze lag Ende 2003 bereits weit über 600, jährlich im November findet seit 1999 die »Digital Reference Conference« statt, und mit DIG_REF sowie LiveReference existieren zwei Diskussionslisten, die sich ausschließlich mit Fragen bibliothekarischer Auskunft im Internet beschäftigen. Im vergangenen Jahr sind in den USA allein vier umfangreiche Monographien zu Digital Reference erschienen, darunter das hier zu besprechende Werk von Anne Lipow. ... Gegenwärtig deutet sich an, dass das Thema Digital Reference, Online-Auskunft oder Auskunft per Chat in deutschen Bibliotheken auf mehr Interesse stößt als in den vergangenen Jahren. Nachdem bislang vorwiegend (einige wenige) wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken ChatAuskunft anbieten, haben mehrere Öffentliche Bibliotheken, darunter die ZLB Berlin und die Stadtbücherei Frankfurt am Main, angekündigt, zukünftig auchAuskunftperChatanbieten zu wollen. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt in diesem Zusammenhang der weltweite Auskunftsverbund QuestionPoint, der von OCLC gemeinsam mit der Library of Congress betrieben wird. Sowohl denjenigen, die sich noch im Unklaren sind, als auch jenen, die entsprechende Planungen bereits beschlossen haben, kann der Band von Anne Lipow nur wärmstens empfohlen werden." (H. Rösch)
-
Hedden, H.: Indexing specialities : Web Sites (2007)
0.03
0.032462653 = product of:
0.108208835 = sum of:
0.021010485 = weight(_text_:software in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021010485 = score(doc=1146,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.2629875 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.013519362 = weight(_text_:und in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013519362 = score(doc=1146,freq=34.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3028952 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.021010485 = weight(_text_:software in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021010485 = score(doc=1146,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.2629875 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.017925551 = weight(_text_:methoden in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017925551 = score(doc=1146,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10436003 = queryWeight, product of:
5.1821747 = idf(docFreq=674, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.17176645 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.1821747 = idf(docFreq=674, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.013732466 = weight(_text_:der in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013732466 = score(doc=1146,freq=34.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.30527312 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.021010485 = weight(_text_:software in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021010485 = score(doc=1146,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.2629875 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
0.3 = coord(6/20)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: IWP 60(2009) H.4, S.245 (J. Fassbender): "Heather Heddens Buch über Website-Indexing gehört zur Indexing Specialties-Serie, die vom Information Today-Verlag in Zusammenarbeit mit der American Society of Indexers herausgegeben wird. Der Bereich Website-Indexing befasst sich mit der Index-Erstellung und -Pflege für Websites und Intranets - ähnlich zu Registern für Printpublikationen. Ein Website-Index hat oft die Bezeichnung Site Index oder A-Z Index und sollte zudem nicht mit Site Maps verwechselt werden. Das Buch füllt gerade auch hierzulande eine Riesenlücke aus: Nach Einschätzung des Deutschen Netzwerks der Indexer (DNI) ist das Wissensdefizit über Website-Indexing in der deutschen Web- und IT-Szene enorm. Die Autorin beginnt in diesem Sinne auch gleich mit zwei Kernaussagen des Buches: 1. Website-Indexing sei deshalb in der Web-Szene nicht so verbreitet, weil die Kenntnisse der Methoden zur Index-Erstellung fehlen und/oder die nötigen Tools unbekannt sind. 2. Ein guter Index stelle für viele Sites die effektivste Suchmethode dar - trotz der Konkurrenz zu Navigationsmenüs und Sucheingabe. Verdeutlicht werden sodann die Unterschiede zu Print-Registern, der bedeutendste betrifft die Locators (Fundstellen), die in der Regel keine Seitenangaben, sondern Links sind.
Ein Kapitel über HTML-Grundlagen ist für diejenigen Indexer gedacht, die sich in diesem Bereich bisher nicht oder wenig auskennen. Ein weiteres Kapitel verdeutlicht die HTML-Tags, die speziell für die Website-Index-Erstellung von Bedeutung sind. Die Erläuterungen zu Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) ist ausreichend, aber etwas knapp; hier wären einige CSS-Techniken für Fortgeschrittene von Interesse gewesen. Auf die Möglichkeiten von Konvertierungs-Tools (wie HTML/Prep), mit denen Dokumente ins HTML-Format umgewandelt werden können, sowie von Online Help Authoring Tools wird ebenfalls eingegangen. Sie bilden eine gute Ergänzung zu den indexspezifischen HTML-Erläuterungen. Das Thema XML ist bewusst ausgeschlossen worden, um sich vom Fokus des Buches nicht zu weit zu entfernen. Dennoch hätte man sich als Leser zumindest ein paar grundsätzliche Erläuterungen im Kontext zum Website-Indexing gewünscht. Ein Kapitel über Dedicated-IndexingSoftware behandelt deren Möglichkeiten einer Index-Erstellung für Websites. Die Autorin argumentiert überzeugend, dass die großen Vorteile dieser von Indexern weltweit am meisten eingesetzten Software deren mächtige Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung, Bearbeitung, Veränderung und Kontrolle von Index-Einträgen sind, was einer hohen Index-Qualität zugute kommt. Die HTML-Ausgabe-Optionen dieser Software-Art sind allerdings etwas eingeschränkter, so dass der Output oft einer Nachbearbeitung bedarf. Es folgen zwei Kapitel über spezielle Website-Indexing-Software. XRefHT (gesprochen: Shreft) ist eine Freeware, die von Prof. Timothy Craven (University of Western Ontario) entwickelt wurde. HTML Indexer ist eine kommerziell erhältliche Software. Detailliert erläutert werden, welche Elemente von Web-Seiten von den beiden Programmen für Index-Einträge berücksichtigt werden, wie Index-Einträge und Querverweise erstellt und bearbeitet und wie die Register aktualisiert werden können.
Zwei Kapitel behandeln die Vorgehensweise bei der Index-Erstellung sowie die vielfältigen Aspekte der Index-Gestaltung. Anhand vieler Beispiele werden die Besonderheiten, aber auch Parallelen zu Printregistern beleuchtet, z. B. bestehende und neu einzufügende Anker, Berücksichtigung verschiedener Seiten-Arten und -Formate, Umgang mit mehreren Locatorn pro Eintrag, Navigation innerhalb des Site Indexes. Das Schlusskapitel widmet sich den Business-Aspekten des Website-Indexing, auch aus Freelancer-Sicht. Erläutert werden z. B., welche Arten von Websites in Frage kommen und wie die Fortführung der Indexierung berücksichtigt wird. Der Index des Buches ist insgesamt von guter Qualität, wie man es von den Indexing-Büchern des Information Today-Verlages gewöhnt ist - ja sogar von exzellenter Qualität im Vergleich zu vielen unzureichenden Registern deutschsprachiger Fachbücher. Mit fünf Prozent Umfang im Verhältnis zur Anzahl der inhaltlichen Seiten hat der Index eine gute Standardlänge. Wesentliche Indexierungstechniken, wie Untereinträge, siehe- und siehe auch-Querverweise, vollständige Seitenbereichsangaben (d. h. ohne die wenig hilfreichen ff.-Angaben) kommen zum Einsatz. Einige Untereinträge tauchen allerdings nicht auch als Haupteintrag auf; so findet man z. B. "indexing rates" nur als Untereintrag des Haupteintrages "Business and index market". Die typographische und satztechnische Qualität des Registers ist ebenfalls gut, z. B. unterschiedliche Einrückungen von Untereinträgen und deren Zeilenumbrüchen. Insgesamt gesehen ist Indexing Specialties: Web Sites ein sehr empfehlenswertes Buch, das ein wichtiges (und bisher vernachlässigtes) Thema abdeckt."
-
Koch, W.; Schmiede, R.: Beyond Global Info : The Digital Library-Forum (2001)
0.03
0.031707965 = product of:
0.12683186 = sum of:
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 5838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=5838,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 5838, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5838)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 5838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=5838,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 5838, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5838)
0.021859515 = weight(_text_:und in 5838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021859515 = score(doc=5838,freq=8.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.48975256 = fieldWeight in 5838, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5838)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 5838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=5838,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 5838, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5838)
0.019229298 = weight(_text_:der in 5838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019229298 = score(doc=5838,freq=6.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.42746788 = fieldWeight in 5838, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5838)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
- Series
- Tagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis; 4
- Source
- Information Research & Content Management: Orientierung, Ordnung und Organisation im Wissensmarkt; 23. DGI-Online-Tagung der DGI und 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. DGI, Frankfurt am Main, 8.-10.5.2001. Proceedings. Hrsg.: R. Schmidt
-
Lande, D.; Braichevski, S.; Busch, D.: Informationsflüsse im Internet (2007)
0.03
0.030863404 = product of:
0.12345362 = sum of:
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=628,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 628, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=628)
0.019551745 = weight(_text_:und in 628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019551745 = score(doc=628,freq=10.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.438048 = fieldWeight in 628, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=628)
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=628,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 628, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=628)
0.019859934 = weight(_text_:der in 628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019859934 = score(doc=628,freq=10.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.44148692 = fieldWeight in 628, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=628)
0.028013978 = weight(_text_:software in 628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028013978 = score(doc=628,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.35064998 = fieldWeight in 628, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=628)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
- Abstract
- Im Artikel geht es um Entwicklungstrends und Probleme, die mit dem schnellen Informationszuwachs im Internet verbunden sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Hauptschwierigkeiten nicht mit der Leistung von Software und der Hardware, sondern mit Besonderheiten des Sachgebietes zusammen hängen. Im Rahmen des Konzeptes der Informationsflüsse werden aktuelle Probleme des Information Retrieval, der Strukturierung des Informationsraums und dessen Verhältnis zum semantischen Raum behandelt. Der Artikel zeigt einige Lösungen dieser Probleme, die auf dem Textmining und fraktalen Modellen basieren.
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.5, S.277-284
-
Dillon, M.; Jul, E.: Assessing Information on the Internet: : Toward Providing Library Services for Computer-Mediated Communication (2001)
0.03
0.02700502 = product of:
0.1350251 = sum of:
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=3712,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=3712,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=3712,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
0.013766123 = product of:
0.027532246 = sum of:
0.027532246 = weight(_text_:29 in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027532246 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.38865322 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
- Source
- Journal of library administration. 34(2001) nos.1/2, S.23-29
-
Shafer, K.E.; Surface, T.R.: Java Server Side Interpreter and OCLC SiteSearch (2001)
0.02
0.023882201 = product of:
0.119411 = sum of:
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1050,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1050, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1050)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1050,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1050, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1050)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1050,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1050, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1050)
0.016519347 = product of:
0.033038694 = sum of:
0.033038694 = weight(_text_:29 in 1050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.033038694 = score(doc=1050,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 1050, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1050)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
6.10.2002 14:29:28
-
LeVan, R.R.: Searching Digital Libraries (2001)
0.02
0.023882201 = product of:
0.119411 = sum of:
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1054,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1054, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1054)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1054,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1054, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1054)
0.034297217 = weight(_text_:23 in 1054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034297217 = score(doc=1054,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.47518367 = fieldWeight in 1054, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1054)
0.016519347 = product of:
0.033038694 = sum of:
0.033038694 = weight(_text_:29 in 1054) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.033038694 = score(doc=1054,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 1054, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1054)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
6.10.2002 14:34:29
-
Koch, T.; Ardö, A.: Automatic classification of full-text HTML-documents from one specific subject area : DESIRE II D3.6a, Working Paper 2 (2000)
0.02
0.021834735 = product of:
0.1455649 = sum of:
0.048521634 = weight(_text_:software in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048521634 = score(doc=1667,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.6073436 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
0.048521634 = weight(_text_:software in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048521634 = score(doc=1667,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.6073436 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
0.048521634 = weight(_text_:software in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048521634 = score(doc=1667,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.6073436 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Content
- 1 Introduction / 2 Method overview / 3 Ei thesaurus preprocessing / 4 Automatic classification process: 4.1 Matching -- 4.2 Weighting -- 4.3 Preparation for display / 5 Results of the classification process / 6 Evaluations / 7 Software / 8 Other applications / 9 Experiments with universal classification systems / References / Appendix A: Ei classification service: Software / Appendix B: Use of the classification software as subject filter in a WWW harvester.
-
Deussen, N.: Sogar der Mars könnte bald eine virutelle Heimat bekommen : Gut 4,2 Milliarden sind nicht genug: Die sechste Version des Internet-Protokolls schafft viele zusätzliche Online-Adressen (2001)
0.02
0.021331541 = product of:
0.06094726 = sum of:
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.009062476 = weight(_text_:und in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009062476 = score(doc=5729,freq=22.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.20304069 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
22.0 = termFreq=22.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.014152382 = weight(_text_:der in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014152382 = score(doc=5729,freq=52.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.31460786 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
7.2111025 = tf(freq=52.0), with freq of:
52.0 = termFreq=52.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.0034415307 = product of:
0.0068830615 = sum of:
0.0068830615 = weight(_text_:29 in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0068830615 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.097163305 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.008754368 = weight(_text_:software in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008754368 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.008027764 = product of:
0.016055528 = sum of:
0.016055528 = weight(_text_:engineering in 5729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016055528 = score(doc=5729,freq=2.0), product of:
0.10819342 = queryWeight, product of:
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.14839652 = fieldWeight in 5729, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=5729)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.35 = coord(7/20)
- Abstract
- In der Virtualität wird's eng. Die Möglichkeiten des Scheinbaren sind anscheinend ausgereizt. Es mangelt bald an InternetAdressen. Wenn WhirIpools und Wasclunaschinen ihren eigenen Zugang zum Internet brauchen, wird der Vorrat an Kennzahlen knapp. Um dem drohenden Mangel zu begegnen, wird seit Jahren an einer überarbeiteten Fassung des Internet-Protokolls (IP) gebastelt. Doch die Neuauflage hat bis auf ein paar Testläufe - bisher ihren Weg ins Netz noch nicht gefunden. Für Aufregung sorgte sie dennoch bereits: wegen Datenschutzproblemen. Für die Kommunikation zwischen Computern im Internet gibt es eine Art Knigge. Die protokollarische Vorschrift legt fest; wie die Rechner Daten untereinander austauschen. Doch zuvor brauchen die Maschinen Namen (wie www.fr-aktuell.de) und Anschriften (hier: 194.175.173.20), damit sie sich einander vorstellen (Shake Hands) und später Daten schicken können. Vergeben werden die Bezeichnungen von der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Icann). Den ersten Vorschlag für eine einheitliche Übergaberegelung machten Bob Kahn und Vint Cerf im Jahr 1974. Damals versuchten im inzwischen legendären, militärisch genutzten Arpanet kaum tausend Großrechner an etwa 250 Standorten miteinander zu kommunizieren. Um Ordnung in das Sprachengewirr der verschiedenen Bautypen zu bringen, mussten Regeln her. Die Idee entwickelte sich zum Protokoll, das nach Informatik-Manier mit dem Kürzel TCP/IP belegt wurde. Mit etwa 100000 angeschlossenen Computern wurde das Netz 1983 zivil - und TCP/IP zum offiziellen Standard. Derzeit regelt die vierte Version des Internet-Protokolls (IPv4) den Bit-Transport. Die Adresse wird jedem Datenpaket vorangestellt. Sie besteht aus Ziffern und ist exakt 32 Bit lang. Daraus ergeben sich mehr als 4,2 Milliarden Zahlenkombinationen. Genug für einen Globus, auf dem erst kürzlich der sechsmilliardste Erdenbürger das Licht der realen Welt erblickte - dachten die Computer-Operateure damals. Dann kam das World Wide Web.
Der Geniestreich aus dem Europäischen Labor für Teilchenphysik (Cern) in Genf machte aus dem Wissenschaftsnetz ein Massenmedium. Zudem erfuhr die elektronische Post einen Aufschwung. Das Wachstum der Netze sprengt alle Erwartungen", resümiert Klaus Birkenbihl vom InformatikForschungszentrum GMI). Jede Web-Site, jede E-Mail-Box, jeder Computer, der per Standleitung online ist, braucht eine eindeutige Identifizierung. Die Schätzungen, wie viele IPv4-Adressen noch frei sind, schwanken zwischen 40 und zehn Prozent. Der Verbrauch jedenfalls steigt rasant: Die Anzahl der WebSites steuert derzeit auf eine Milliarde zu, weit mehr Netznummern gehen bereits für E-Mail-Anschriften drauf. Den Adressraum weiter ausschöpfen werden demnächst die intelligenten Haushaltsgeräte. Der Laden an der Ecke will wissen, welcher Kühlschrank die Milch bestellt hat, die Videozentrale braucht für das Überspielen des Films die Kennung des PC-Recorders, der Computer des Installateurs benötigt die IP-Anschrift der Heizungsanlage für die Fernwartung. Handys, die später Nachrichten übers Internet schicken, und Internet-Telefonie gehen möglicherweise leer aus. Doch bevor Internet-Adressen zur heiß begehrten Schieberware werden, soll ein neues Adresssystern mit mehr Möglichkeiten her. Schon 1990 hatte sich die Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Gedanken über einen neues Internet-Protokoll mit einem größeren Adressangebot gemacht. Im IETF kümmern sich Forscher, Soft- und HardwareIngenieure um die fortlaufende Verbesserung von Architektur und Arbeit des Netz werks. Eine ihrer Arbeitsgruppen prognostizierte, der IPv4-Vorrat gehe 2005 zu Ende. Fünf Jahre dauerte es, dann waren sich alle Internet-Gremien einig: Eine neue Protokollversion, IPv6, muss her. Dann passierte weiter nichts. Endlich verkündete 1999 Josh Elliot von der Icann, ab sofort würden neue Anschriften verteilt. Ein historischer Moment", freute er sich.
Der neue 128-Bit-Header treibt die Möglichkeiten ins Astronomische: 3,4 mal zehn hoch 38 Adressen, eine 3,4 mit 38 Nullen. -Das IPv6-Forum zerhackte den Zahlentrumm in anschauliche Stücke: Pro Quadratmillimeter Erdoberfläche stehen nun zirka 667 Billiarden, pro Mensch 6,5 mal zehn hoch 28 Adressen, bereit." Eine Billiarde bringt es immerhin auf respektable 15 Nullen. Schon kurz darauf ging ein Aufschrei durch die Netzgemeinde. Das neue Protokoll schrieb die weltweit eindeutigen Seriennummern bestimmter Netzwerkkarten auf den virtuellen Adressaufkleber. Die Ethernet-Adapter bewerkstelligen den Datentransport bei Computern, die über eine Standleitung, ein Koaxialkabel, dauernd online sind. Die Spur von Ethernet-Usern wäre damit leicht zu verfolgen gewesen, ihre Nutzerprofile, ihre Surfgewohnheiten einsehbar wie offene Bücher. Das Problem, ließ Icann nun wissen, sei behoben: Es gebe keine festen Kennzahlen mehr in den Adressköpfen. Bei jedem Hochfahren eines Rechners oder sogar noch öfter werden die Nummern neu durchgemischt", erläutert Hans Petter Dittler, stellvertretender Vorsitzender der deutschen Sektion der Internet Society. Das Betriebssystem Linux kann bereits mit dem IPv6 arbeiten. Microsoft will den Standard in das nächste Windows-Betriebssystem einbauen: "Wir denken, der vorgeschlagene Standard ist wichtig zum Schutz der Privatsphäre der Internet-Nutzer", sagt Jawad Khaki, Vizepräsident für Netzwerke. Seit einigen Tagen steht auf der Microsoft-Homepage eine Vorab-Version von lPv6 für Windows 2000 zum Herunterladen bereit. Geradezu euphorisch gibt sich Protokoll-Chef Vint Cerf. Mit IPv6 haben wir die Grundlage dafür", philosophierte der Internet-Daddy auf dem ersten lPv6-Kongress 1999 in Berlin, "das Internet von unserem Planeten über den Mars und die Asteroiden bis in den Weltraum hinaus auszudehnen." Doch im Internet-Alltag wird das alte Protokoll noch lange Vorrang haben. Grund sind handfeste Programmier-Probleme. Denn Software, die sich explizit auf die vierte IP-Version bezieht, muss umgeschrieben werden - etwa um mit den längeren Adressfeldern umgehen zu können. Hubert Martens vom Münchner Multinet Services befürchtet gar einen InternetCrash: "Das Jahr-2000-Problem war harmlos gegen das, was uns mit lPv6 droht."
- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.79 vom 3.4.2001, S.29
-
Heckner, M.: Tagging, rating, posting : studying forms of user contribution for web-based information management and information retrieval (2009)
0.02
0.020639582 = product of:
0.10319791 = sum of:
0.030326022 = weight(_text_:software in 2931) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030326022 = score(doc=2931,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.37958977 = fieldWeight in 2931, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2931)
0.01221984 = weight(_text_:und in 2931) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01221984 = score(doc=2931,freq=10.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.27378 = fieldWeight in 2931, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2931)
0.030326022 = weight(_text_:software in 2931) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030326022 = score(doc=2931,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.37958977 = fieldWeight in 2931, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2931)
0.030326022 = weight(_text_:software in 2931) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030326022 = score(doc=2931,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.37958977 = fieldWeight in 2931, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2931)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Abstract
- Die Entstehung von Social Software ermöglicht es Nutzern, in großem Umfang im Netz zu publizieren. Bisher liegen aber nur wenige empirische Befunde zu funktionalen Eigenschaften sowie Qualitätsaspekten von Nutzerbeiträgen im Kontext von Informationsmanagement und Information Retrieval vor. Diese Arbeit diskutiert grundlegende Partizipationsformen, präsentiert empirische Studien über Social Tagging, Blogbeiträge sowie Relevanzbeurteilungen und entwickelt Design und Implementierung einer "sozialen" Informationsarchitektur für ein partizipatives Onlinehilfesystem.
- Classification
- AN 96800 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationsvermittlung, Informationsplanung / Bewertung, Effizienz, Qualität
- RSWK
- World Wide Web 2.0 / Benutzer / Online-Publizieren / Information Retrieval / Soziale Software / Hilfesystem
- RVK
- AN 96800 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationsvermittlung, Informationsplanung / Bewertung, Effizienz, Qualität
- Subject
- World Wide Web 2.0 / Benutzer / Online-Publizieren / Information Retrieval / Soziale Software / Hilfesystem
-
Pack, T.: Image searching across the Web (2002)
0.02
0.020578332 = product of:
0.13718888 = sum of:
0.045729626 = weight(_text_:23 in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045729626 = score(doc=646,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.63357824 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
0.045729626 = weight(_text_:23 in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045729626 = score(doc=646,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.63357824 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
0.045729626 = weight(_text_:23 in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045729626 = score(doc=646,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.63357824 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 16.10.2005 11:23:42
-
Dillon, M.: Assessing Information on the Internet: : Toward Providing Library Services for Computer-Mediated Communication (2001)
0.02
0.019901834 = product of:
0.09950917 = sum of:
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1004) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1004,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1004, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1004)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1004) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1004,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1004, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1004)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1004) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1004,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1004, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1004)
0.013766123 = product of:
0.027532246 = sum of:
0.027532246 = weight(_text_:29 in 1004) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027532246 = score(doc=1004,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.38865322 = fieldWeight in 1004, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1004)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
6.10.2002 13:53:29
-
Effelsberg, H.: InetBib 2003 : 7. InetBib-Tagung vom 12.-14. November 2003 in Frankfurt am Main: digital & real oder: "Was ist heute schon noch wirklich virtuell?" (2004)
0.02
0.01933456 = product of:
0.0966728 = sum of:
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=886,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 886, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=886)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=886,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 886, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=886)
0.010929758 = weight(_text_:und in 886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010929758 = score(doc=886,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.24487628 = fieldWeight in 886, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=886)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=886,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 886, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=886)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Footnote
- Bericht über die Tagung und einzelne Beiträge
- Source
- Dialog mit Bibliotheken. 16(2004) H.1, S.23-33
-
Lavoie, B.F.; O'Neill, E.T.: How "World Wide" Is the Web? : Trends in the Internationalization of Web Sites (2001)
0.02
0.018967582 = product of:
0.094837904 = sum of:
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1066) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1066,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1066, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1066)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1066) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1066,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1066, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1066)
0.028581016 = weight(_text_:23 in 1066) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028581016 = score(doc=1066,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.3959864 = fieldWeight in 1066, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1066)
0.009094859 = product of:
0.027284576 = sum of:
0.027284576 = weight(_text_:22 in 1066) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027284576 = score(doc=1066,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07052079 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 1066, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1066)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2 = coord(4/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
7.10.2002 9:22:14
-
O'Neill, E.T.; McClain, P.D.; Lavoie, B.F.: ¬A Methodology for Sampling the World Wide Web (2001)
0.02
0.018188847 = product of:
0.12125898 = sum of:
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 1052) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=1052,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 1052, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1052)
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 1052) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=1052,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 1052, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1052)
0.04041966 = weight(_text_:23 in 1052) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04041966 = score(doc=1052,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.56000936 = fieldWeight in 1052, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1052)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 11. 2.1997 20:11:23
6.10.2002 14:32:23
-
O'Neill, E.T.; Lavoie, B.F.: Bibliographic control for the Web (2000)
0.02
0.018006042 = product of:
0.12004027 = sum of:
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 7088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=7088,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 7088, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7088)
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 7088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=7088,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 7088, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7088)
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 7088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=7088,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 7088, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7088)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Date
- 6. 2.1997 18:23:32
-
Broun, K.: Integrating Internet content (2003)
0.02
0.018006042 = product of:
0.12004027 = sum of:
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 1974) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=1974,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 1974, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1974)
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 1974) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=1974,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 1974, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1974)
0.04001342 = weight(_text_:23 in 1974) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04001342 = score(doc=1974,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.55438095 = fieldWeight in 1974, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1974)
0.15 = coord(3/20)
- Source
- Library Journal NetConnect. 2003, Fall, S.20-23
-
Janes, J.: Introduction to reference work in the digital age. (2003)
0.02
0.017365301 = product of:
0.049615145 = sum of:
0.0057162032 = weight(_text_:23 in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0057162032 = score(doc=3993,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.07919728 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.0057162032 = weight(_text_:23 in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0057162032 = score(doc=3993,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.07919728 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.009904438 = weight(_text_:software in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009904438 = score(doc=3993,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.123973496 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.0057162032 = weight(_text_:23 in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0057162032 = score(doc=3993,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.07919728 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.009904438 = weight(_text_:software in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009904438 = score(doc=3993,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.123973496 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.0027532245 = product of:
0.005506449 = sum of:
0.005506449 = weight(_text_:29 in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005506449 = score(doc=3993,freq=2.0), product of:
0.070840135 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.07773064 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.009904438 = weight(_text_:software in 3993) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009904438 = score(doc=3993,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.123973496 = fieldWeight in 3993, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3993)
0.35 = coord(7/20)
- Date
- 22.10.2005 19:23:21
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.11, S.1237-1238 (E. Yakel): "This book provides the profession with a cogent, thorough, and thoughtful introduction to digital reference. Janes not only provides the breadth of coverage expected in an introduction, but also depth into this important topic. Janes' approach is managerial or administrative, providing guidelines for reference work that can be applied in different settings. Janes creates a decision-making framework to help reference librarians make decisions concerning how, to what extent, and in what cases digital reference services will be delivered. In this way, Janes avoids dictating a "one-size-fits-all" model. This approach is the major strength of the book. Library administrators and heads of reference services will find the administrative approach welcome by helping them think through which digital reference policies and methods will best target core constituencies and their institutional environments. However, the book deserves a broader audience as professors will find that the book fits nicely in a general reference course. For all readers, the book is readable and engaging and also challenging and questioning. The book begins with a history of reference work, nicely positioning digital reference in this tradition and noting the changes wrought by the digital age. By doing this, the author establishes both continuity and change in reference work as well as the values surrounding this activity. These values are largely those from the library community and Support people's access to information as well as activities that support the use of information. Janes closes this chapter by noting that the continuing changes in demographics, technology, and connectivity will impact reference work in ways that are not yet imaginable. This introduction sets the tone for the rest of the book. Janes defines digital reference service as "the use of digital technologies and resources to provide direct, professional assistance to people who are seeking information, wherever and whenever they need it" (p. 29). This definition covers a lot of ground. Examples include everything from a public library answering email queries to commercial ask-an-expert services. While the primary audience is librarians, Janes continually reminds readers that many others perform reference activities an the World Wide Web. Furthermore, he cautions readers that there are larger forces shaping this activity in the world that need to acknowledged. In building a framework for decision-making, Janes outlines the types of digital reference service. This discussion covers the communieations modes, such as e-mail, chat, Web forms, etc. It also analyzes the modalities by which reference service is delivered: synchronous/ asynchronous. Using these two dimensions (communication method and synchronous/asynchronous), Janes presents the variety of contexts in which digital reference can take place and then outlines the strengths and weaknesses of each of these. This translates into a decision-making framework by which readers analyze their particular setting and then select the modes and modalities that world be most effective. This is a powerful device and demonstrates the many options (and perhaps also the obstacles) for providing digital reference service.
The discussion of modes for digital reference world be incomplete without focusing an the technologies that support this activity. E-mail, Web forms, chat, instant messaging, and videoconferencing, as well as the call center based software, are now being adapted for use in libraries. The book discusses the technologies currently available and an the horizon to support digital reference services. While these sections of the book may not age well, they will provide us with a historical glimpse of the nascent development of such tools and how they were used at the beginning of the digital reference age. True to the emphasis an decision-making, the chapter an technology includes a list of functions that reference librarians world want in software to support digital reference. While no current applications have all of these features, this list provides librarians with some ideas concerning possible features that can be prioritized to aid in a selection process. Despite the emphasis an technology, Janes contextualizes this discussion with several significant issues relating to its implementation. These include everything from infrastructure, collaborative service standards, service design, user authentication, and user expectations. The sections an collaborative service models and service design are particularly interesting since they are both in their infancy. Readers wanting an answer or the "best" design of either institutional or collaborative digital reference service will be disappointed. However, raising these considerations is important and Janes points out how crucial these issues will be as online reference service matures. User authentication in the context of reference service is especially tricky since tensions can emerge between license agreements and the range of people who may or may not be covered by these contracts querying reference librarians. Finally, no discussion of digital reference is complete without a discussion of the possibility of 24/7 reference service and the ensuing user expectations. While Janes has no answers to the dilemmas these raise, he does alert libraries providing digital reference services to some of the realities. One is that libraries will get a broader range of questions, which could impact staff time, collection development to support these questions, and necessitate either a confirmation of priorities or a reprioritization of activities. Another reality is that the users of digital reference services may never have partaken of their services before. In fact, for libraries funded to serve a particular constituency (public libraries, academic libraries) this influx of users raises questions about levels of service, funding, and policy. Finally, in keeping with the underlying theme of values that pervades the book, Janes points out the deeper issues related to technology such as increasing ability to track users an the web. While he realizes that anonymous information about those who ask reference questions world provide reference librarians with a great deal of information to hone services and better serve constituencies, he is well aware of the dangers involved in collectiog patron information in electronic form.
-
Bruce, H.: ¬The user's view of the Internet (2002)
0.02
0.017328981 = product of:
0.04332245 = sum of:
0.004287152 = weight(_text_:23 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004287152 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.05939796 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.004287152 = weight(_text_:23 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004287152 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.05939796 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.007428328 = weight(_text_:software in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007428328 = score(doc=4344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.092980124 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.004287152 = weight(_text_:23 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004287152 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.05939796 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.007428328 = weight(_text_:software in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007428328 = score(doc=4344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.092980124 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.007428328 = weight(_text_:software in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007428328 = score(doc=4344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07989157 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.092980124 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.0068117836 = product of:
0.013623567 = sum of:
0.013623567 = weight(_text_:engineering in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013623567 = score(doc=4344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.10819342 = queryWeight, product of:
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.12591863 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.372528 = idf(docFreq=557, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0013642288 = product of:
0.0040926863 = sum of:
0.0040926863 = weight(_text_:22 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0040926863 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07052079 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.058035173 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.4 = coord(8/20)
- Footnote
- Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).
The UCP's effect an business practices is focused mainly in the management and marketing areas. Marketing experienced a shift from "product-oriented operations" with its focus an "selling the products' features" and customer contact only at the point of sale toward more service-Centered business practice ("customer Jemand orientation") and the development of one-to-one customer relationships (pp. 35-36). For management, the adoption of the UCP caused a shift from "mechanistic, bureaucratic, top-down organizational structures" to "flatter, inclusive, and participative" ones (p. 37). In education, practice shifted from the teachercentered model where the "teacher is responsible for and makes all the decisions related to the learning environment" to a learnercentered model where the student is "responsible for his or her own learning" and the teacher focuses an "matching learning events to the individual skills, aptitudes, and interests of the individual learner" (pp. 38-39). Cognitive engineering saw the rise of "user-Centered design" and human factors that were concerned with applying "scientific knowledge of humans to the design of man-machine interface systems" (p. 44). The UCP had a great effect an Information Science in the "design of information systems" (p. 47). Previous to UCP's explicit proposed by Brenda Dervin and M. Nilan in 1986, systems design was dominated by the "physical of system oriented paradigm" (p. 48). The physical paradigm held a positivistic and materialistic view of technology and (passive) human interaction as exemplified by the 1953 Cranfield tests of information retrieval mechanisms. Instead, the UCP focuses an "users rather than systems" by making the perceptions of individual information users the "centerpiece consideration for information service and system design" (pp. 47-48). Bruce briefly touches an the various schools of thought within user-oriented paradigm, such as the cognitive/self studies approach with its emphasis is an an individual's knowledge structures or model of the world [e.g., Belkin (1990)], the cognitve/context studies approach that focuses an "context in explaining variations in information behavior" [e.g., Savolainen (1995) and Dervin's (1999) sensemaking], and the social constructionism/discourse analytic theory with its focus an that language, not mental/knowledge constructs, as the primary shaper of the world as a system of intersubjective meanings [e.g., Talja 1996], (pp. 53-54). Drawing from the rich tradition of user oriented research, Bruce attempts to gain a metatheoretical understanding of the Internet as a phenomena by combining Dervin's (1996) "micromoments of human usings" with the French philosopher Bruno Latour's (1999) "conception of Circulating reference" to form what 1 term the Metatheory of Circulating Usings (pp. ix, 56, 60). According to Bruce, Latour's concept is designed to bridge "the gap between mind and object" by engaging in a "succession of finely grained transformations that construct and transfer truth about the object" through a chain of "microtranslations" from "matter to form," thereby connecting mind and object (p. 56). The connection works as long as the chain remains unbroken. The nature of this chain of "information producing translations" are such that as one moves away from the object, one experiences a "reduction" of the object's "locality, particularity, materiality, multiplicity and continuity," while simultaneously gaining the "amplification" of its "compatibility, standardization, text, calculation, circulation, and relative universality" (p. 57).
Bruce begins Chapter 5 (The Users' View of the Internet) by pointing out that the Internet not only exists as a physical entity of hardware, software, and networked connectivity, but also as a mental representation or knowledge structure constructed by users based an their usings. These knowledge structures or constructs "allow people to interpret and make sense of things" by functioning as a link between the new unknown thing with known thing(s) (p. 158). The knowledge structures or using constructs are continually evolving as people use the Internet over time, and represent the user's view of the Internet. To capture the users' view of the Internet from the research literature, Bruce uses his Metatheory of Circulating Usings. He recapitulates the theory, casting it more closely to the study of Internet use than previously. Here the reduction component provides a more detailed "understanding of the individual users involved in the micromoment of Internet using" while simultaneously the amplification component increases our understanding of the "generalized construct of the Internet" (p. 158). From this point an Bruce presents a relatively detail users' view of the Internet. He starts with examining Internet usings, which is composed of three parts: using space, using literacies, and Internet space. According to Bruce, using space is a using horizon likened to a "sphere of influence," comfortable and intimate, in which an individual interacts with the Internet successfully (p. 164). It is a "composite of individual (professional nonwork) constructs of Internet utility" (p. 165). Using literacies are the groups of skills or tools that an individual must acquire for successful interaction with the Internet. These literacies serve to link the using space with the Internet space. They are usually self-taught and form individual standards of successful or satisfactory usings that can be (and often are) at odds with the standards of the information profession. Internet space is, according to Bruce, a user construct that perceives the Internet as a physical, tangible place separate from using space. Bruce concludes that the user's view of the Internet explains six "principles" (p. 173). "Internet using is proof of concept" and occurs in contexts; using space is created through using frequency, individuals use literacies to explore and utilize Internet space, Internet space "does not require proof of concept, and is often influence by the perceptions and usings of others," and "the user's view of the Internet is upbeat and optimistic" (pp. 173-175). He ends with a section describing who are the Internet stakeholders. Bruce defines them as Internet hardware/software developers, Professional users practicing their profession in both familiar and transformational ways, and individuals using the Internet "for the tasks and pleasures of everyday life" (p. 176).
-
Jaaranen, K.; Lehtola, A.; Tenni, J.; Bounsaythip, C.: Webtran tools for in-company language support (2000)
0.02
0.016856018 = product of:
0.067424074 = sum of:
0.017148608 = weight(_text_:23 in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017148608 = score(doc=5553,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.23759183 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
0.017148608 = weight(_text_:23 in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017148608 = score(doc=5553,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.23759183 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
0.0065578544 = weight(_text_:und in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0065578544 = score(doc=5553,freq=2.0), product of:
0.044633795 = queryWeight, product of:
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.14692576 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.216367 = idf(docFreq=13101, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
0.017148608 = weight(_text_:23 in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017148608 = score(doc=5553,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07217676 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.23759183 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5840597 = idf(docFreq=3336, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
0.009420394 = weight(_text_:der in 5553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009420394 = score(doc=5553,freq=4.0), product of:
0.044984195 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.02013827 = queryNorm
0.20941564 = fieldWeight in 5553, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.2337668 = idf(docFreq=12875, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5553)
0.25 = coord(5/20)
- Source
- Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
