-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
0.02
0.022345673 = product of:
0.078209855 = sum of:
0.05405985 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 1061) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05405985 = score(doc=1061,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.46789268 = fieldWeight in 1061, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1061)
0.024150005 = product of:
0.07245001 = sum of:
0.07245001 = weight(_text_:22 in 1061) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07245001 = score(doc=1061,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13375512 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1061, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1061)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Modern indexing and retrieval techniques matching different types of information needs (1989)
0.02
0.022345673 = product of:
0.078209855 = sum of:
0.05405985 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 7322) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05405985 = score(doc=7322,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.46789268 = fieldWeight in 7322, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7322)
0.024150005 = product of:
0.07245001 = sum of:
0.07245001 = weight(_text_:22 in 7322) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07245001 = score(doc=7322,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13375512 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 7322, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7322)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Source
- International forum on information and documentation. 14(1989), S.17-22
-
Tseng, Y.-H.: Automatic cataloguing and searching for retrospective data by use of OCR text (2001)
0.01
0.014449425 = product of:
0.050572984 = sum of:
0.040129032 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 5421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040129032 = score(doc=5421,freq=6.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.34732026 = fieldWeight in 5421, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5421)
0.010443954 = product of:
0.03133186 = sum of:
0.03133186 = weight(_text_:29 in 5421) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03133186 = score(doc=5421,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13436082 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.23319192 = fieldWeight in 5421, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5421)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Abstract
- This article describes our efforts in supporting information retrieval from OCR degraded text. In particular, we report our approach to an automatic cataloging and searching contest for books in multiple languages. In this contest, 500 books in English, German, French, and Italian published during the 1770s to 1970s are scanned into images and OCRed to digital text. The goal is to use only automatic ways to extract information for sophisticated searching. We adopted the vector space retrieval model, an n-gram indexing method, and a special weighting scheme to tackle this problem. Although the performance by this approach is slightly inferior to the best approach, which is mainly based on regular expression match, one advantage of our approach is that it is less language dependent and less layout sensitive, thus is readily applicable to other languages and document collections. Problems of OCR text retrieval for some Asian languages are also discussed in this article, and solutions are suggested
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 13:58:18
-
Kantor, P.B.; Voorhees, E.: Information retrieval with scanned texts (2000)
0.01
0.012481987 = product of:
0.087373905 = sum of:
0.087373905 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 3901) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.087373905 = score(doc=3901,freq=4.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.75622874 = fieldWeight in 3901, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3901)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Information retrieval. 2(2000), S.165-176
-
Hauer, M.: Collaborative catalog enrichment : 4. Benutzertreffen intelligentCAPTURE / dandelon.com (2007)
0.01
0.010974518 = product of:
0.038410813 = sum of:
0.013514962 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013514962 = score(doc=515,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.11697317 = fieldWeight in 515, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=515)
0.024895852 = weight(_text_:bibliothek in 515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024895852 = score(doc=515,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15681393 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1055303 = idf(docFreq=1980, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.15876046 = fieldWeight in 515, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1055303 = idf(docFreq=1980, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=515)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Content
- "AGI - Information Management Consultants (www.agi-imc.de) hatte am 8. und 9. Mai 2007 zum vierten Mal Bibliotheken und Partner zum Erfahrungsaustausch nach Neustadt an der Weinstraße eingeladen. Die angereisten Teilnehmer betreiben bereits mittels intelligentCAPTURE die Produktion und über dandelon.com den Austausch und die Publikation (www.dandelon.com). Mittlerweile wird intelligentCAPTURE in Deutschland, Österreich, Liechtenstein, Italien und in der Schweiz eingesetzt. Die PDF-Dateien gelangen über einen Partner bis zur weltgrößten Bibliothek, der Library of Congress in Washington. In Deutschland ist der GBV - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverband in Göttingen (www.gbv.de) Partner von AGI und der größte Sekundärnutzer von dandelon.com. In dandelon.com sind derzeit über 220.000 Bücher suchbar, die Datenbank wächst täglich. Weitere 62.000 Titel werden nach einem Software-Update demnächst geladen; sie stammen aus Projekten mit der Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg und der TIB Hannover. Vergleichbare Scanprojekte laufen derzeit in einer Spezialbibliothek in Hamburg, der UB Braunschweig und UB Mainz. AGI geht von 400 bis 500.000 Buchtiteln bis Ende 2007 aus. Erstmals sahen die Teilnehmer "intelligentCAPTURE mobile". Eine Lösung, welche die Scanner selbst zwischen die engsten Regale fährt und somit erheblich den Transportaufwand reduziert - der Scanner wird zum Buch transportiert, nicht Tonnen von Büchern zu Scannern. Gemeinsam mit dem führenden Anbieter von Bibliothekseinrichtungen Schulz Speyer (www.schulzspeyer.de) wurde intelligentCAPTURE mobil gemacht.
Das Highlight unter den Referaten bei dieser Tagung waren die Ausführungen des Vordenkers Andreas Prokoph, Lead Architect - Search Technologies and Portal Server Development, vom deutschen IBM Entwicklungslabor. Er sprach über Information Retrieval. Mit über 200 Patenten, darunter auch seinen eigenen, liegt IBM in diesem Forschungsfeld weit vorne. Die IBM Suchmaschine OMNIFIND soll möglichst bald die Suchtechnik hinter dandelon.com ersetzen und den Suchraum auf Kataloge, Open Archives, Verlage, Hochschul-Server ausdehnen. Schon heute basieren intelligentCAPTURE und dandelon.com weitgehend auf IBM-Technologien, konkret Lotus Notes & Domino und Lotus Sametime (www.ibm.corn/ lotus/hannover), aber auch auf integrierten Modulen anderer international führender Technologiespezialisten."
-
Wormell, I.: Factual data retrieval according to SAP-technique (1983)
0.01
0.008826098 = product of:
0.061782684 = sum of:
0.061782684 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 845) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061782684 = score(doc=845,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5347345 = fieldWeight in 845, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=845)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Wormell, I.: Factual data retrieval according to SAP technique (1983)
0.01
0.008826098 = product of:
0.061782684 = sum of:
0.061782684 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 1399) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061782684 = score(doc=1399,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5347345 = fieldWeight in 1399, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1399)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Dillon, M.: Enhanced bibliographic record retrieval experiments (1989)
0.01
0.008826098 = product of:
0.061782684 = sum of:
0.061782684 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 1406) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061782684 = score(doc=1406,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5347345 = fieldWeight in 1406, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1406)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Means to improve subject access and representation in modern information retrieval (1988)
0.01
0.008826098 = product of:
0.061782684 = sum of:
0.061782684 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 4430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061782684 = score(doc=4430,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5347345 = fieldWeight in 4430, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4430)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Dillon, M.; Wenzel, P.: Retrieval effectiveness of enhanced bibliographic records (1990)
0.01
0.008826098 = product of:
0.061782684 = sum of:
0.061782684 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 4760) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061782684 = score(doc=4760,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.5347345 = fieldWeight in 4760, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4760)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Wormell, I.: Subject Access Project : the use of book indexes for subject retrieval systems in libraries (1981)
0.01
0.007722836 = product of:
0.05405985 = sum of:
0.05405985 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 3116) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05405985 = score(doc=3116,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.46789268 = fieldWeight in 3116, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3116)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Cousins, S.A.: Enhancing subject access to OPACs : controlled vocabulary vs. natural language (1992)
0.01
0.0057327193 = product of:
0.040129032 = sum of:
0.040129032 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 2230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040129032 = score(doc=2230,freq=6.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.34732026 = fieldWeight in 2230, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2230)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Experimental evidence suggests that enhancing the subject content of OPAC records can improve retrieval performance. This is based on the use of natural language index terms derived from the table of contents and back-of-the-book index of documents. The research reported here investigates the alternative approach of translating these natural language terms into controlled vocabulary. Subject queries were collected by interview at the catalogue, and indexing of the queries demonstrated the impressive ability of PRECIS, and to a lesser extent LCSH, to represent users' information needs. DDC performed poorly in this respect. The assumption was made that an index language adequately specific to represent users' queries should be adequate to represent document contents. Searches were carried out on three test databases, and both natural language and PRECIS enhancement of MARC records increased the number of relevant documents found, with PRECIS showing the better performance. However, with weak stemming the advantage of PRECIS was lost. Consideration must also be given to the potential advantages of controlled vocabulary, over and above basic retrieval performance measures
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Diodato, V.P.: Author indexing (1981)
0.01
0.005516311 = product of:
0.038614176 = sum of:
0.038614176 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 6983) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.038614176 = score(doc=6983,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.33420905 = fieldWeight in 6983, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6983)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Indexing terms supplied by authors can increase subject control of their documents. The terms can be used in the creation of indexes, abstracts, and other devices for information retrieval in the special library. An examination of the American Mathematical Society author indexing program suggests that contributions of authors enhance indexing efforts of editors
-
Makinen, R.H.; Friesen B.: Enhancing online bibliographic records to improve retrieval of reference collection monographs (1995)
0.01
0.005516311 = product of:
0.038614176 = sum of:
0.038614176 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.038614176 = score(doc=1700,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.33420905 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Riesthuis, G.J.A.; Colenbrander-Dijkman, A.-M.: Subject access to central catalogues : incompatibility issues of library classification systems and subject headings in subject cataloguing (1986)
0.00
0.0046807453 = product of:
0.032765217 = sum of:
0.032765217 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 3926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032765217 = score(doc=3926,freq=4.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.2835858 = fieldWeight in 3926, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3926)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Traditional subject cataloguing hampers subject retrieval in central catalogues, because of the lack of a common indexing and retrieval language in these catalogues. This study investigates the possibilities to use the various individual subject access systems, present in the catalogues, for subject access. A search procedure based on 'citation pearl growing' and 'user relevance feedback', which can be applied in a public access interface to central data bases, has been developed. From an experiment it can be concluded, that automated expert assistance, provided with a search strategy, will improve search response for unexperienced searchers. It reduces the number of zero-hits and increases the number of relevant items retrieved
-
Beatty, S.: ESP at ADFA after five years (1991)
0.00
0.004413049 = product of:
0.030891342 = sum of:
0.030891342 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 4245) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030891342 = score(doc=4245,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.26736724 = fieldWeight in 4245, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4245)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Since Dec 86, the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) library has been enriching bibliographic records by adding terms from either the contents pages or indexes of books. 40.000 records are now enriched, representing about 25% coverage of the ADFA database of 210.000 titles. Evaluates the retrieval effectiveness of the enriched data in an OPAC, in comparison with title and LCSH, using 90 topics from 6 different subject areas
-
Smith, I.A.; O'Brien, A.: Signposts to information : keywords, indexes and thesauri (1993)
0.00
0.004413049 = product of:
0.030891342 = sum of:
0.030891342 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 8116) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030891342 = score(doc=8116,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.26736724 = fieldWeight in 8116, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8116)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Shortened and revised version of a paper presented during an Education Librarian's Group session at the Under One Umbrella Two Conference, organized by the Library Association in Manchester, 9-11 Jul 93. With the possibility of free text searching and easy access to CD-ROM databases, users often do not realise that subject searching is enhanced by familiarity with the controlled vocabulary underlying the indexing system of the database. Discusses the construction of information retrieval thesauri, the problems of terminology and how the use of thesauri can make searching more effective, using education thesauri as examples
-
Settel, B.; Cochrane, P.A.: Augmenting subject descriptions for books in online catalogs (1982)
0.00
0.003978649 = product of:
0.027850542 = sum of:
0.027850542 = product of:
0.08355162 = sum of:
0.08355162 = weight(_text_:29 in 390) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08355162 = score(doc=390,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13436082 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.6218451 = fieldWeight in 390, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=390)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Database. 5(1982), S.29(?)-(?)
-
Pienaar, R.E.: Enhancement of subject access in online public access catalogues (OPACs) (1989)
0.00
0.0033097868 = product of:
0.023168506 = sum of:
0.023168506 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 2863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.023168506 = score(doc=2863,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.20052543 = fieldWeight in 2863, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2863)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Subject access plays an important part when plans are made for an on-line public access catalogue (OPAC). Therefore, current subject searching facilities in OPACs should be accessed carefully. These facilities include, amongst other things, phrase searching, keyword searching and class number retrieval. Users reaction have been instrumental in identifying certain shortcomings in subject access to OPACs. Points out certain shortcomings in subject access, as shown by a number of research projects undertaken during the past decade. Highlights aspects which could, in future, improve subject access in OPACs. This could be achieved by either enhancing content representation in the records within the OPAC data base or by enhancing the searchability and browsability of the OPAC. Considers whether the on-line catalogue will ever be a finished, perfect product, or achieve the universal, familiar uniformity experienced by users of the 20th century card catalogue.
-
Kartus, E.: ¬A fully automated cataloguing workbench with enhanced subject access : the cataloguer's dream or nightmare? (1993)
0.00
0.0033097868 = product of:
0.023168506 = sum of:
0.023168506 = weight(_text_:retrieval in 4651) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.023168506 = score(doc=4651,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11553899 = queryWeight, product of:
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.03819578 = queryNorm
0.20052543 = fieldWeight in 4651, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.024915 = idf(docFreq=5836, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4651)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Describes the Intelligent Literature Search Assistant (ILSA) which demonstrates the possibilities of a fully automated cataloguing workbench in an object orientated environment. Although developed with OPAC users in mind, it can be very useful to cataloguers in aiding both classification and subject heading access. Also describes work done at the University of Strathclyde in the area of machine learning and knowledge based systems, the Structured Information Management: Processing and Retrieval project (SIMPR). Advocates the use of uncontrolled vocabulary headings in conjunction with systems like ILSA, a layered approach rather than direct first point access, in order to make subject cataloguing easier and more relevant and the subject catalogue more useful to others
