Search (76 results, page 4 of 4)

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Abstract

This article is an unpublished manuscript of a paper presented at the 17th Annual Mid-Year Meeting of the ASIS at Ann Arbor, Mich., May 15-18, 1988. It is the first recorded proposal for visual support of indexing. The system itself was built and developed at NASA in the Johnson space Center Image Archives from 1989 to 1992

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Abstract

Reports an algorithmic approach to the automatic generation of thesauri for electronic community systems. The techniques used included terms filtering, automatic indexing, and cluster analysis. The testbed for the research was the Worm Community System, which contains a comprehensive library of specialized community data and literature, currently in use by molecular biologists who study the nematode worm. The resulting worm thesaurus included 2709 researchers' names, 798 gene names, 20 experimental methods, and 4302 subject descriptors. On average, each term had about 90 weighted neighbouring terms indicating relevant concepts. The thesaurus was developed as an online search aide. Tests the worm thesaurus in an experiment with 6 worm researchers of varying degrees of expertise and background. The experiment showed that the thesaurus was an excellent 'memory jogging' device and that it supported learning and serendipitous browsing. Despite some occurrences of obvious noise, the system was useful in suggesting relevant concepts for the researchers' queries and it helped improve concept recall. With a simple browsing interface, an automatic thesaurus can become a useful tool for online search and can assist researchers in exploring and traversing a dynamic and complex electronic community system

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Abstract

The chairman of the thesaurus software seminar held on 14.8.1990 in Darmstadt, introduces into the topics by asking the following 10 questions and by providing his answers to them: (1) what is new in the view? (2) what is the real point of attraction? (3) cannot information retrieval profit from machine processing of language? (4) can we do better now? (5) how van we do better? (6) when does fully automatic IR arrive? (7) thesauri for machine-aided IR - how do we get there? (8) which is the right way, which is the model, what to standardize? (9) can IR people do it alone? (10) are there advanced information services with a truly human interface

Type

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Abstract

In principle, the 'knowledge' encoded in a thesaurus can be exploited in many ways to help users clarify their information needs and enhance query performance, but attempts to automate this process via AI techniques face many practical difficulties. In the short term it may be more useful to improve support for direct interactive use of thesauri. We discuss some of the issues which have arisen when building an interface for thesaurus navigation and query enhancement, drawing on logs and user feedback from ongoing small-scale experiments

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Abstract

We discuss whether it is feasible to build intelligent rule- or weight-based algorithms into general-purpose software for interactive thesaurus navigation. We survey some approaches to the problem reported in the literature, particularly those involving the assignement of 'link weights' in a thesaurus network, and point out some problems of both principle and practice. We then describe investigations which entailed logging the behavior of thesaurus users and testing the effect of thesaurus-based query enhancement in an IR system using term weighting, in an attempt to identify successful strategies to incorporate into automatic procedures. The results cause us to question many of the assumptions made by previous researchers in this area

Type

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Abstract

The Unified Medical Language System knowledge source provide detailed information about biomedical naming systems and databases. The Metathesaurus contains biomedical terminology from an increasing number of biomedical thesauri, and the Semantic Netowrk provides a structure that encompasses and unifies the thesauri that are included in the Metathesaurus. Addresses some fundamental principles underlying the design and development of the Metathesaurus and Semantic Network. Describes the formal properties of the semantic network. Considers the principle of semantic locality and how this is reflected in the UMLS knowledge sources. Discusses the issues involved in attempting to reuse knowledge and the potential for reuse of the UMLS knowledge sources

Type

a

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Abstract

Although commonly used in both commercial and experimental information retrieval systems, thesauri have not demonstrated consistent benefits for retrieval performance, and it is difficult to construct a thesaurus automatically for large text databases. In this paper, an approach, called PhraseFinder, is proposed to construct collection-dependent association thesauri automatically using large full-text document collections. The association thesaurus can be accessed through natural language queries in INQUERY, an information retrieval system based on the probabilistic inference network. Experiments are conducted in INQUERY to evaluate different types of association thesauri, and thesauri constructed for a variety of collections

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Abstract

Discusses the concept of descriptor equivalence, with its 2 subcomponents of dictionary equivalence and indexing equivalence, in the context of the compatibility of differnt thesauri used in bilingual indexing. In multilingual indexing and searching, the equivalence relationship between terms means either that all equal terms are descriptors or that only one of the terms is selected for the descriptor and users are directed with USE refrences to use it instead of the other potential terms. Discusses these issues with particular reference to the LUASPORT study: a study of the compatibility of the Finnish language sports thesaurus (LUAS) with the Canadian Sport Thesauri (SPORT) in terms of compatibility of subject descriptors. In LUASPORT, LUAS was the source thesaurus and SPORT was the target thesaurus

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Abstract

The SAC Subcommittee on Subject Relationships/Reference Structures was authorized at the 1995 Midwinter Meeting and appointed shortly before Annual Conference. Its creation was one result of a discussion of how (and why) to promote the display and use of broader-term subject heading references, and its charge reads as follows: To investigate: (1) the kinds of relationships that exist between subjects, the display of which are likely to be useful to catalog users; (2) how these relationships are or could be recorded in authorities and classification formats; (3) options for how these relationships should be presented to users of online and print catalogs, indexes, lists, etc. By the summer 1996 Annual Conference, make some recommendations to SAC about how to disseminate the information and/or implement changes. At that time assess the need for additional time to investigate these issues. The Subcommittee's work on each of the imperatives in the charge was summarized in a report issued at the 1996 Annual Conference (Appendix A). Highlights of this work included the development of a taxonomy of 165 subject relationships; a demonstration that, using existing MARC coding, catalog systems could be programmed to generate references they do not currently support; and an examination of reference displays in several CD-ROM database products. Since that time, work has continued on identifying term relationships and display options; on tracking research, discussion, and implementation of subject relationships in information systems; and on compiling a list of further research needs.

Content

Enthält: Appendix A: Subcommittee on Subject Relationships/Reference Structures - REPORT TO THE ALCTS/CCS SUBJECT ANALYSIS COMMITTEE - July 1996 Appendix B (part 1): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (alphabetical display) (Separat in: http://web2.ala.org/ala/alctscontent/CCS/committees/subjectanalysis/subjectrelations/msrscu2.pdf) Appendix B (part 2): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (hierarchical display) Appendix C: Checklist of Candidate Subject Relationships for Information Retrieval. Compiled by Dee Michel, Pat Kuhr, and Jane Greenberg; edited by Greg Wool - June 1997 Appendix D: Review of Reference Displays in Selected CD-ROM Abstracts and Indexes by Harriette Hemmasi and Steven Riel Appendix E: Analysis of Relationships in Six LC Subject Authority Records by Harriette Hemmasi and Gary Strawn Appendix F: Report of a Preliminary Survey of Subject Referencing in OPACs by Gregory Wool Appendix G: LC Subject Referencing in OPACs--Why Bother? by Gregory Wool Appendix H: Research Needs on Subject Relationships and Reference Structures in Information Access compiled by Jane Greenberg and Steven Riel with contributions from Dee Michel and others edited by Gregory Wool Appendix I: Bibliography on Subject Relationships compiled mostly by Dee Michel with additional contributions from Jane Greenberg, Steven Riel, and Gregory Wool

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Abstract

Specifications are presented for software designed to support manual development and maintenance of information retrieval thesauri. The specifications are intended to support both evaluation of existing packages for acquisition and design of custom software. Specialized requirements of thesaurus support are emphasized over more general database management requirements. Requirements for integration with larger systems and for the user interface are summarized. Relationships specified by the ANSI standard should be supported, and the relationships should be validated to avoid introduction of conflicting relationships. Flexibility in availability of note and date fields is important, and where required, term classifications should be available. Maintenance procedures should include provision for feedback on the impact of changes, as well as appropriate levels of approval for changes. A wide variety of online displays and printed reports are required, including but not limited to alphabetical, hierarchical, and rotated. In addition, it is desirable to be absle to search the thesaurus database with such capabilities as Boolean logic and proximity operators

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Abstract

Presents a state of the art review of the literature of expert systems in library and information science, involving exhaustive searches of all major LIS CD-ROM databases (LISA, ERIC, LiLi, INSPEC etc.) and bibliographies appended in review articles. The search retrieved 679 references, comprising 362 periodical articles, 180 conference proceedings, 63 books articles, 28 theses and 46 monographs. The growth of the literature peaked between 1989 and 1990 and subsequently declined after 1992. Over 1/3 (287) covered intelligent front ends and interfaces for online searching and retrieval, followed by applications in reference service (113), classification, indexing and abstracting (86) and cataloguing (7). The most productive periodicals comprised 6 titles, of which 'Information processing and management' topped the lsit: 43 authors were found to contribute between 5 and 35 articles each, hence contributing 32,19% of the total contributors. 382 of the publications were single author works, 172 were by 2 authors, 72 were by 3 authors and 49 were by 4 or more authors. Only 161 titles were expressive enough to reveal both the name and function of systems being developed

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