-
Lonsdale, D.; Mitamura, T.; Nyberg, E.: Acquisition of large lexicons for practical knowledge-based MT (1994/95)
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- Abstract
- Although knowledge based MT systems have the potential to achieve high translation accuracy, each successful application system requires a large amount of hand coded lexical knowledge. Systems like KBMT-89 and its descendants have demonstarted how knowledge based translation can produce good results in technical domains with tractable domain semantics. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the development task for large scale applications with 10s of 1000s of of domain concepts precludes a purely hand crafted approach. The current challenge for the next generation of knowledge based MT systems is to utilize online textual resources and corpus analysis software in order to automate the most laborious aspects of the knowledge acquisition process. This partial automation can in turn maximize the productivity of human knowledge engineers and help to make large scale applications of knowledge based MT an viable approach. Discusses the corpus based knowledge acquisition methodology used in KANT, a knowledge based translation system for multilingual document production. This methodology can be generalized beyond the KANT interlinhua approach for use with any system that requires similar kinds of knowledge
-
Schubert, K.: Parameters for the design of an intermediate language for multilingual thesauri (1995)
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- Abstract
- The architecture of multilingual software systems is sometimes centred around an intermediate language. The question is analyzed to what extent this approach can be useful for multilingual thesauri, in particular regarding the functionality the thesaurus is designed to fulfil. Both the runtime use, and the construction and maintenance of the system is taken into consideration. Using the perspective of general language technology enables to draw on experience from a broader range of fields beyond thesaurus design itself as well as to consider the possibility of using a thesaurus as a knowledge module in various systems which process natural language. Therefore the features which thesauri and other natural-language processing systems have in common are emphasized, especially at the level of systems design and their core functionality
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 22(1995) nos.3/4, S.136-140
-
Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999 (1999)
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- Abstract
- Over the past 50 years, a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in machine translation, information retrieval, speech recognition, text summarization, and so on. These applications rest upon a set of core techniques such as language modeling, information extraction, parsing, generation, and multimedia planning and integration; and they involve methods using statistics, rules, grammars, lexicons, ontologies, training techniques, and so on. It is a puzzling fact that although all of this work deals with language in some form or other, the major applications have each developed a separate research field. For example, there is no reason why speech recognition techniques involving n-grams and hidden Markov models could not have been used in machine translation 15 years earlier than they were, or why some of the lexical and semantic insights from the subarea called Computational Linguistics are still not used in information retrieval.
This picture will rapidly change. The twin challenges of massive information overload via the web and ubiquitous computers present us with an unavoidable task: developing techniques to handle multilingual and multi-modal information robustly and efficiently, with as high quality performance as possible. The most effective way for us to address such a mammoth task, and to ensure that our various techniques and applications fit together, is to start talking across the artificial research boundaries. Extending the current technologies will require integrating the various capabilities into multi-functional and multi-lingual natural language systems. However, at this time there is no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework. What would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine, and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text? How can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques? What would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval? At which points should machine translation be interleaved within information retrieval systems to enable multilingual processing?
-
Muraszkiewicz, M.; Rybinski, H.; Struk, W.: Software problems of merging multilingual thesauri (1996)
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- Source
- Compatibility and integration of order systems: Research Seminar Proceedings of the TIP/ISKO Meeting, Warsaw, 13-15 September 1995
-
Automated systems for access to multilingual and multiscript library materials : Proceedings of the ... IFLA satellite meeting ... Madrid, August 18-19, 1993 (1994)
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- Content
- Enthält u.a.: CHACHRA, V.: Subject access in an automated multithesaurus and multilingual environment; GAVIN, T.A.G.: Recent developments in the MINISIS computer software for developing countries
-
Smith, R.: National bibliographies on CD-ROM : development of a common approach (1994)
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- Abstract
- Describes the activities of the National Bibliographic Service, UK, in developing national bibliographies on CD-ROM. The key aims of the project, partly funded by the Commission of the European Communities under its IMPACT programme, are: to promote better and easier access to European and national bibliographies; to promote economies in library cataloguing through improved interchange of bibliographic records between European (and non European) national libraries, irrespective of differing national MARC formats; and to develop shared approaches to strategies, applications and formats for bibliographic data on CD-ROM. Notes the involvement of 7 national libraries and describes: CD-ROM retrieval interface; MARC conversions; character sets; multilingual interface; links to online systems; links to local library systems; menu systems and compatibility; the Pilot CD-ROM database; and framework for exchange of bibliographic records
-
Pollitt, A.S.; Ellis, G.: Multilingual access to document databases (1993)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This paper examines the reasons why approaches to facilitate document retrieval which apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) or Expert Systems techniques, relying on so-called "natural language" query statements from the end-user will result in sub-optimal solutions. It does so by reflecting on the nature of language and the fundamental problems in document retrieval. Support is given to the work of thesaurus builders and indexers with illustrations of how their work may be utilised in a generally applicable computer-based document retrieval system using Multilingual MenUSE software. The EuroMenUSE interface providing multilingual document access to EPOQUE, the European Parliament's Online Query System is described.
-
Oard, D.W.: Alternative approaches for cross-language text retrieval (1997)
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- Abstract
- The explosive growth of the Internet and other sources of networked information have made automatic mediation of access to networked information sources an increasingly important problem. Much of this information is expressed as electronic text, and it is becoming practical to automatically convert some printed documents and recorded speech to electronic text as well. Thus, automated systems capable of detecting useful documents are finding widespread application. With even a small number of languages it can be inconvenient to issue the same query repeatedly in every language, so users who are able to read more than one language will likely prefer a multilingual text retrieval system over a collection of monolingual systems. And since reading ability in a language does not always imply fluent writing ability in that language, such users will likely find cross-language text retrieval particularly useful for languages in which they are less confident of their ability to express their information needs effectively. The use of such systems can be also be beneficial if the user is able to read only a single language. For example, when only a small portion of the document collection will ever be examined by the user, performing retrieval before translation can be significantly more economical than performing translation before retrieval. So when the application is sufficiently important to justify the time and effort required for translation, those costs can be minimized if an effective cross-language text retrieval system is available. Even when translation is not available, there are circumstances in which cross-language text retrieval could be useful to a monolingual user. For example, a researcher might find a paper published in an unfamiliar language useful if that paper contains references to works by the same author that are in the researcher's native language.
Multilingual text retrieval can be defined as selection of useful documents from collections that may contain several languages (English, French, Chinese, etc.). This formulation allows for the possibility that individual documents might contain more than one language, a common occurrence in some applications. Both cross-language and within-language retrieval are included in this formulation, but it is the cross-language aspect of the problem which distinguishes multilingual text retrieval from its well studied monolingual counterpart. At the SIGIR 96 workshop on "Cross-Linguistic Information Retrieval" the participants discussed the proliferation of terminology being used to describe the field and settled on "Cross-Language" as the best single description of the salient aspect of the problem. "Multilingual" was felt to be too broad, since that term has also been used to describe systems able to perform within-language retrieval in more than one language but that lack any cross-language capability. "Cross-lingual" and "cross-linguistic" were felt to be equally good descriptions of the field, but "crosslanguage" was selected as the preferred term in the interest of standardization. Unfortunately, at about the same time the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) introduced "translingual" as their preferred term, so we are still some distance from reaching consensus on this matter.
I will not attempt to draw a sharp distinction between retrieval and filtering in this survey. Although my own work on adaptive cross-language text filtering has led me to make this distinction fairly carefully in other presentations (c.f., (Oard 1997b)), such an proach does little to help understand the fundamental techniques which have been applied or the results that have been obtained in this case. Since it is still common to view filtering (detection of useful documents in dynamic document streams) as a kind of retrieval, will simply adopt that perspective here.
-
Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998)
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- Abstract
- Propopses a Web-based architecture for searching distributed heterogeneous multi-asian language bibliographic sources, and describes a successful pilot implementation of the system at the Chinese Library (CLib) system developed in Singapore and tested at 2 university libraries and a public library
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
- Source
- Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.612-615
-
Hlava, M.M.K.: Machine aided indexing (MAI) in a multilingual environment (1993)
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- Abstract
- The machine aided indexing (MAI) software devloped by Access Innovations, Inc., is a semantic based, Boolean statement, rule interpreting application with 3 modules: the MA engine which accepts input files, matches terms in the knowledge base, interprets rules, and outputs a text file with suggested indexing terms; a rule building application allowing each Boolean style rule in the knowledge base to be created or modifies; and a statistical computation module which analyzes performance of the MA software against text manually indexed by professional human indexers. The MA software can be applied across multiple languages and can be used where the text to be searched is in one language and the indexes to be output are in another
- Source
- Proceedings of the 14th National Online Meeting 1993, New York, 4-6 May 1993. Ed.: M.E. Williams
-
Stancikova, P.: International integrated database systems linked to multilingual thesauri covering the field of environment and agriculture (1996)
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- Source
- Compatibility and integration of order systems: Research Seminar Proceedings of the TIP/ISKO Meeting, Warsaw, 13-15 September 1995
-
Neelameghan, A.: Lateral relations and links in multicultural, multimedia databases in the spritual and religious domains : some observations (1999)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes a proposal for a new approach to thesaurus design and construction that could have significant implications for change in the way multilingual thesauri are handled and integrated with each other. The formula presented here has its origin in the work of the German Thesaurus Committee and has had input from a number of scientists and practitioners in the field. The emphasis is on the various types of relationships found among concepts, notions and universals in languages. These relationships are analysed and refined beyond the approach taken in existing thesauri. This proposal is very much at the discussion stage and the author invites the assistance of interested readers through criticisms, discussion and dialogue. Applications of the proposed thesaurus are included and the major goal of this proposal is to provide the basis for improved design and integration of multilingual thesauri
-
Roulin, C.: Bringing multilingual thesauri together : a feasibility study (1996)
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- Source
- Compatibility and integration of order systems: Research Seminar Proceedings of the TIP/ISKO Meeting, Warsaw, 13-15 September 1995
-
Pollitt, A.S.; Ellis, G.P.; Smith, M.P.; Gregory, M.R.; Li, C.S.; Zangenberg, H.: ¬A common query interface for multilingual document retrieval from databases of the European Community Institutions (1993)
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- Abstract
- Presents EuroMenUSE, a PC-based front-end system developed to improve access to EPOQUE, the major document database of the European Parliament. EuroMenUSEe is an exemplar and the first commercial product to result from the application of the Multilingual MenUSE software shell; in this system it uses the EUROVOC thesaurus. This Common Query interface replaces the Common command Language and provides a more effectve way for end-users to access document databases
-
Weihs, J.: Three tales of multilingual cataloguing (1998)
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- Date
- 2. 8.2001 8:55:22
-
Multilingual web software (1996)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the software developed by Accent Software International and Alis Technologies, Inc., for authoring multilingual WWW documents
-
Hainebach, R.: ¬The EUROCAT project : the integration of European community multidisciplinary and document-oriented databases on CD-ROM; an exercise in merging data from several databases into a single database as well as solving the problem of multilingualism (1993)
0.01
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- Abstract
- The Institutions of the European Communities produce document-oriented databases based on publications and documents distributed either by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities or by the individual EC institutions themselves. These databases are known under the names of ABEL, CATEL, CELEX, CORDIS RTD publications, ECLAS, EPOQUE, EURISTOTE, RAPID and SCAD and are available via hosts such as EUROBASES, ECHO and the Office for Official Publications. Until the establishment of the EUROCAT project, no single database held a comprehensive and complete collection of all European Community documents and publications. Describes the work on integrating and harmonising the data from the databases to produce the multilingual EUROCAT database using MS-DOS based software. The resulting database will be available on CD-ROM
-
Ata, B.M.A.: SISDOM: a multilingual document retrieval system (1995)
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- Abstract
- The Malay language is widely used in Malaysia, Indonesia and brunei. The growth in the number of documents written in Malay justifies the need for a document retrieval system for that language. Describes the implementation of a bilingual Malay and English full text document retrieval systems: SIStem capaian DOkumen Multilingua (SISDOM), by the Kebangsaan University Malaysia. The system incorporates many facilities for users, including the choice of search techniques, browsing of retrieved documents, and ranking of documents
-
Steinberger, N.M.: ¬A bilingual integrated library system (1994)
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- Abstract
- Working with a foreign vendor and creating a network among three multilingual libraries was a challenging experience for the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. After four years investigating library systems offering integrated capabilities for English/Hebrew, the library selected the ALEPH system. The intricacies of the Hebrew language posed unexpected problems. Gratz College and the Annenberg Research Institute became key players in the establishment of the network. Several technical difficulties had to bes resolved before interfacing aspects among the three multilingual libraries became functional
-
Slater, R.: Authority control in a multilingual OPAC : MultiLIS at Laurentian (1991)
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- Abstract
- There is an increasing awareness of the need for authority systems available to handle a wide variety of thesauri. The MultiLIS system at Laurentian University, a biligual institution in Northern Ontario, has an authority control module that satisfies many of the requirements for the maintenance of catalog access points in more than one language. The major feature of the MultiLIS authority module and its current use in a biligual setting, as well as its potential in a multilingual or multithesaurus environment, are descrideb. A brief evaluation and critique of the authority module is also presented, principally in terms of its success in meeting the criteria for a multithesaurus management system
