Search (48 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Rules regarding cataloguing, subject headings, the way information in bibliographic records is organised and the catalogue's interface, or the way the screen is set up, are barriers to the use of online catalogues by children Describes the background to and implementation of a project to create a child orientation catalogue with a graphical user interface, or one that relies on pictures instead of text, within Denver Public Library in Colorado. Now called the Kid's catalog and commercially available from the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries Co., the catalogue's software acts as a front end to a library's regular catalogue

Source

School library journal. 41(1995) no.7, S.22-25

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Abstract

Key problems of subject searches in online public access catalogs are that too much may be retrieved and that the display may be arranged in what appears to be an unintuitive and unhelpful manner. A study was undertaken on one large database to determine how often the display of a subject and its modifications and subdivisions extended over more than two screens and what the results on display would be of compressing geographic subdivisions and other modifications. The study then addressed the question of how often the display of a term and its subdivisions was interrupted by the appearance in the display of inverted headings, phrase headings, and headings with parenthetical qualifiers

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Abstract

This short guide is intended to help librarians and OPAC system designers to make decisions about the design of displays of more than one subject heading. The authors stress that they offer guidance rather than standards or prescriptions; their clear prose is cautious and even the number of recommendations is limited. A 12-page introduction contrasts the "structural approach" and "strict alphabetical approach" to filing, showing examples and stating arguments for each. 7 chapters cover display of subdivisions, inverted headings, display of qualified headings, arrangement of numerical headings, display of subjects interfiled with names and titles, punctuation and messages to the user. Within each chapter, questions involving choices between two or more approaches are followed by brief statements of current practice (LC rules, ALA rules, and systems in existing OPACs) extensive examples demonstrating such choices, and arguments for and against each. The authors warn against ever assuming that the user knows the needed subject headings, and acknowledge that the best OPAC design often depends on the setting and on the user's understanding of the system. Although the topic may be beyond the purview of the authoring committee, the discussion here makes one yearn for interactive OPACs that can analyze the user's needs and provide appropriate guidance to whatever system is adopted

Editor

Subcommittee on the Display of Subject Headings in Subject Indexes in OPACs, Subject Analysis Committee, Cataloging and Classification Section, ALCTS, ALA

LCSH

Subject headings, Library of Congress / Evaluation

Subject

Subject headings, Library of Congress / Evaluation

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Abstract

This paper recognizes the limitations of the existing file of Library of Congress authority records for subject heading assignment and validation. It makes recommendations for a new machine-readable file of authority records for topical subdivisions and for enhancements to the existing subject authority file. The recommended changes qould enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulation and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, the individual components of subdivided headings. A study of subdivided subject headings in a large bibliographic database forms the basis of the recommendations

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Abstract

3 ways to improve access to monographs are additional subject headings, analytic added entires and contents notes. Focuses on California State University. Describes the project, the CSU-Chico results and advices upon when to add contents notes

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Abstract

Browse searching of online catalogs and electronic indexes is a popular means of retrieving information, but some subject heading lists are so extensive that browsing them can be difficult and time-consuming. This resaerch tested one way of presenting a browse interface to reduce the amount of scanning of subject headings required. It found that a hierarchical presentation of headings reduced the amount of scanning required by more than 50% without any reduction in the effectiveness of the search. Better browsable displays of this sort can improve the efficiency of searching but appear not to alter effectivenenss

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Abstract

Explores the many options available for embellishing the basic USMARC bibliographic record; the impact for patron access and collection use; improved system features; the economic impact on the cataloguing process; and future prospects for enhanced cataloguing and bibliographic access. Discusses some of the typical enhancements that may be applied: additional subject headings; tables of contents; summaries, abstracts or contents notes; classification numbers

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Abstract

The need for subject access on OPACs has been widely recognised since early development in the USA. Many OPACs in UK academic libraries provide subject access to catalogue records, mostly through search strategies such as keyword access or subject headings searches. However, users do find subject searching more difficult than known-item searching so most OPAC systems provide help screens to assist users in their searches

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Abstract

Current OPAC show their weakness in terms of ease of use and comprehension of user requests, and more generally in man/machine dialogue. Most OPAC searches are for subjects and these give the word results. Natural language processing techniques exist to reduce these difficulties. In France, natural language processing has been used to access the yellow pages (headings) of the French phone directory and the telematics services directory; examples are included. No doubt the future library systems will use these techniques to make the new OPACs really open, public, accessible and co-operative (user-friendly)

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Abstract

User interfaces for CD-ROM products in the academic library environment must accomodate a variety of user and task profiles. Discusses the practical considerations that govern the implementation of interface design principles for such electronic data bases under the following headings: redesign goals; interaction style; menu design and implementation; system structure and the search paradigm; basic system operation and screen layout; simplified features; integrated novice and expert mode; redesign constraints; and hardware and software constraints

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Abstract

OLIVE, a transaction logging facility enhanced with online questionnaires, was used to collect data from users of public and academic library catalogues. The comparative analysis of subject searching behaviour focused on the role of browsing subject headings and brief references in search formulation. Opportunities for browsing are greatly constrained by indexing practices. It is suggested that a more integrated approach to pre-coordinate and post-coordinate searching would be more effective. The logging software has been developed for a number of commercial online catalogues including Geac, CLSI and LIBERTAS. The use of a diagnostic and monitoring tool in the evaluation of OPACs is advocated

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Abstract

Introducess a new approach to display retrieved subject headings in subject searching designed to encourage users to browse bibliographic information. Emphasizes the importance of the exact display approach by showing how many user queries could be candidates for this approach, demonstrates an implementation of the exact-display approach in an experimental online catalogue. End user experiences gives opportunities to make recommendations for enhancing the original design of the exact display approach so that future implementations of this approach in operational online catalogues are responsive to the needs of online catalogue users

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Abstract

The study of subject access to UK academic library catalogues was based on a questionnaires end out during Summer 1991. 86 out of a possible 110 questionnaires were returned. All universities and polytechniques now have OPACs which are progressing well towards comprehensive bibliographical coverage of their libraries' stocks. The MARC format is now widely used. Subject access strategies are usually based on either Library of Congress Subject Headings or inhouse indexing systems but almost half the OPACs studies have no separate subject searching option based on subject indexing is expensive and future subject indexing strategies are best based on pre-existing controlled vocabularies. Strategies authority control is essential. A limited range of software strategies is recommended including the need to limit search results

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Abstract

Current online catalogs have problems providing reasonable subject access, often resulting in searches with too few or too many hits. These problems can be improved by enhancing MARC records, building semantic networks through cross-references, and linking subject headings to classification numbers. This paper describes a pilot project to design a hypertext search engine using these principles

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Abstract

Research conducted in the early 80's has shown that subject access is still one of the most dominant approaches in OPACs. However, while some of the subject searches result in no recall, others often retrieve so much that users are discouraged to proceed further. These and other problems were investigated and solutions were found in improving search methods (such as word stemming, extending search to full bibliographical record and providing end user thesaurus) and indexing techniques (such as ny enhancing subject headings with table of contents and back of the book indexes or by traditional systems). More recent research indicates that the real answer to the question of 'precision without sacrificing recall' lies in the developing 'user friendly novel interfaces' and also in designing 'knowledge based systems', wherein sers would not be expected to learn query formulation or even to be familiar with the indexing language of the system. Several interesting studies and research projects on the subject have produced a whole gamut of information, but one can still visualise the evolving trends of research vis-a-vis their future prospects as possible solutions

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Abstract

Subject queries were extracted from 3 universities' online catalogues and analysed to determine the extend to which they matched subject headings in the LCSH. Computer analyses show that nearly 25% of the subject queries entered by online catalogue users are exact matches of LCSH. Yet, manual analyses show that, even though a user matches or closely matches LCSH-mr, the citations retrieved by this vocabulary are not necessarily satisfactory. Sometimes the closest LCSH-mr is not at all pertinent to a user's topic of interest. This study presents reasons why close matches of LCSH-mr are not always satisfactory and suggests approaches to finding the best matches of the catalogue's controlled vocabulary

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Abstract

The paper will discuss the impact on cataloging standards and bibliographic data formats and will point into the direction of a new cataloging environment with different access point accordings to the information requirements of the users. The present subject headings and classification schemes used to index library materials have to be considered obsolete. The aim must be the integration of existing thesauri accepted and used by the acedemic community by utilizing a 'meta language' as a software engineering tool. This 'meta language' will offer access points by means of different facets focusing the information stored, and these facets will be interactivelyselected by the user supporting the demands of his academic field and retrieval practice

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Abstract

Reports results of analysis and comparison of full level displays of bibliographic records in 36 North American online catalogues for 5 monographs, for both layout and content, with the ISBD and traditional catalogue carddisplay practive for headings and tracings. Presents a taxonomy of display characteristics found in the sample, including: completeness; visual layout; data sequence; label specifity; and integration of description and access points. Discusses the relationship of display technology and practice to current standards for creating catalogue records, emphasizing the need for content standards reflecting the modular nature of computerized records. Concludes that future OPAC displays will resemble card catalogue records less and less, both visually and in structure and content, and points to the need for further research to gather the information needed to make the transition as smooth as possible

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Abstract

Reports results of an analysis of 205 randomly selected records from the OCLC OLUC, to test the assumption that online catalogues have greatly improved subject searching capabilities, over card catalogues, by making other fields in the records searchable as subject access points (SAPs). Results showed considerable overlap (duplication) among the SAPs provided by the title, subject heading and classification number fields. On average, little more than 4 unique, unduplicated access points were found per record. Where title and classification number fields do add some access points not provided by subject headings, the increase is less than many librarians might be expected. Suggests that OPACs might outperform catalogues more in precision than in recall by allowing greater discrimination in searching; terms from different fields may be combined; titles offer greater specifity; searches can be limited by date, language or other criteria

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Abstract

The use of title words, the combination of these through the use of logic operators, and the possibility of truncating them when carrying out subject searches, are some of the search options that have been incorporated into the online catalog. Several arguments in favor of these options have been expressed which state that they represent an approach for the use of natural language and that they facilitate information retrieval. However, expressed arguments against them that support the necessity of using controlled language to obtain more precision in search results also exist. This paper reports the main results from a study whose objective was to compare advantages and disadvantages of retrieval by keywords from the title and by subject headings included in the records of LIBRUNAM, an online catalog containing records for English and Spanish items at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.