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  1. Ellis, D.: Progress and problems in information retrieval (1996) 0.01 
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    Date
    26. 7.2002 20:22:46
  2. Cleverdon, C.W.; Mills, J.: ¬The testing of index language devices (1985) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A landmark event in the twentieth-century development of subject analysis theory was a retrieval experiment, begun in 1957, by Cyril Cleverdon, Librarian of the Cranfield Institute of Technology. For this work he received the Professional Award of the Special Libraries Association in 1962 and the Award of Merit of the American Society for Information Science in 1970. The objective of the experiment, called Cranfield I, was to test the ability of four indexing systems-UDC, Facet, Uniterm, and Alphabetic-Subject Headings-to retrieve material responsive to questions addressed to a collection of documents. The experiment was ambitious in scale, consisting of eighteen thousand documents and twelve hundred questions. Prior to Cranfield I, the question of what constitutes good indexing was approached subjectively and reference was made to assumptions in the form of principles that should be observed or user needs that should be met. Cranfield I was the first large-scale effort to use objective criteria for determining the parameters of good indexing. Its creative impetus was the definition of user satisfaction in terms of precision and recall. Out of the experiment emerged the definition of recall as the percentage of relevant documents retrieved and precision as the percentage of retrieved documents that were relevant. Operationalizing the concept of user satisfaction, that is, making it measurable, meant that it could be studied empirically and manipulated as a variable in mathematical equations. Much has been made of the fact that the experimental methodology of Cranfield I was seriously flawed. This is unfortunate as it tends to diminish Cleverdon's contribu tion, which was not methodological-such contributions can be left to benchmark researchers-but rather creative: the introduction of a new paradigm, one that proved to be eminently productive. The criticism leveled at the methodological shortcomings of Cranfield I underscored the need for more precise definitions of the variables involved in information retrieval. Particularly important was the need for a definition of the dependent variable index language. Like the definitions of precision and recall, that of index language provided a new way of looking at the indexing process. It was a re-visioning that stimulated research activity and led not only to a better understanding of indexing but also the design of better retrieval systems." Cranfield I was followed by Cranfield II. While Cranfield I was a wholesale comparison of four indexing "systems," Cranfield II aimed to single out various individual factors in index languages, called "indexing devices," and to measure how variations in these affected retrieval performance. The following selection represents the thinking at Cranfield midway between these two notable retrieval experiments.
  3. Blagden, J.F.: How much noise in a role-free and link-free co-ordinate indexing system? (1966) 0.01 
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    Source
    Journal of documentation. 22(1966), S.203-209
  4. Smithson, S.: Information retrieval evaluation in practice : a case study approach (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The evaluation of information retrieval systems is an important yet difficult operation. This paper describes an exploratory evaluation study that takes an interpretive approach to evaluation. The longitudinal study examines evaluation through the information-seeking behaviour of 22 case studies of 'real' users. The eclectic approach to data collection produced behavioral data that is compared with relevance judgements and satisfaction ratings. The study demonstrates considerable variations among the cases, among different evaluation measures within the same case, and among the same measures at different stages within a single case. It is argued that those involved in evaluation should be aware of the difficulties, and base any evaluation on a good understanding of the cases in question
  5. Blair, D.C.: STAIRS Redux : thoughts on the STAIRS evaluation, ten years after (1996) 0.01 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.1, S.4-22
  6. Losee, R.M.: Determining information retrieval and filtering performance without experimentation (1995) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 2.1996 13:14:10
  7. Hodges, P.R.: Keyword in title indexes : effectiveness of retrieval in computer searches (1983) 0.01 
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    Date
    14. 3.1996 13:22:21
  8. Iivonen, M.: Consistency in the selection of search concepts and search terms (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Considers intersearcher and intrasearcher consistency in the selection of search terms. Based on an empirical study where 22 searchers from 4 different types of search environments analyzed altogether 12 search requests of 4 different types in 2 separate test situations between which 2 months elapsed. Statistically very significant differences in consistency were found according to the types of search environments and search requests. Consistency was also considered according to the extent of the scope of search concept. At level I search terms were compared character by character. At level II different search terms were accepted as the same search concept with a rather simple evaluation of linguistic expressions. At level III, in addition to level II, the hierarchical approach of the search request was also controlled. At level IV different search terms were accepted as the same search concept with a broad interpretation of the search concept. Both intersearcher and intrasearcher consistency grew most immediately after a rather simple evaluation of linguistic impressions
  9. Sievert, M.E.; McKinin, E.J.: Why full-text misses some relevant documents : an analysis of documents not retrieved by CCML or MEDIS (1989) 0.01 
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    Date
    9. 1.1996 10:22:31
  10. Wood, F.; Ford, N.; Miller, D.; Sobczyk, G.; Duffin, R.: Information skills, searching behaviour and cognitive styles for student-centred learning : a computer-assisted learning approach (1996) 0.01 
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    Source
    Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.2, S.79-92
  11. Crestani, F.; Rijsbergen, C.J. van: Information retrieval by imaging (1996) 0.01 
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    Source
    Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
  12. Leininger, K.: Interindexer consistency in PsychINFO (2000) 0.01 
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    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
  13. Belkin, N.J.: ¬An overview of results from Rutgers' investigations of interactive information retrieval (1998) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
  14. King, D.W.: Blazing new trails : in celebration of an audacious career (2000) 0.01 
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    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
  15. Petrelli, D.: On the role of user-centred evaluation in the advancement of interactive information retrieval (2008) 0.01 
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    Source
    Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.22-38
  16. Pal, S.; Mitra, M.; Kamps, J.: Evaluation effort, reliability and reusability in XML retrieval (2011) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 1.2011 14:20:56
  17. Chu, H.: Factors affecting relevance judgment : a report from TREC Legal track (2011) 0.01 
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    Date
    12. 7.2011 18:29:22
  18. Wildemuth, B.; Freund, L.; Toms, E.G.: Untangling search task complexity and difficulty in the context of interactive information retrieval studies (2014) 0.01 
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    Date
    6. 4.2015 19:31:22
  19. Ravana, S.D.; Taheri, M.S.; Rajagopal, P.: Document-based approach to improve the accuracy of pairwise comparison in evaluating information retrieval systems (2015) 0.01 
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    20. 1.2015 18:30:22
  20. Rajagopal, P.; Ravana, S.D.; Koh, Y.S.; Balakrishnan, V.: Evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval systems using effort-based relevance judgment (2019) 0.01 
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    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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