Search (110 results, page 1 of 6)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  1. Thenmalar, S.; Geetha, T.V.: Enhanced ontology-based indexing and searching (2014) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to improve the conceptual-based search by incorporating structural ontological information such as concepts and relations. Generally, Semantic-based information retrieval aims to identify relevant information based on the meanings of the query terms or on the context of the terms and the performance of semantic information retrieval is carried out through standard measures-precision and recall. Higher precision leads to the (meaningful) relevant documents obtained and lower recall leads to the less coverage of the concepts. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, the authors enhance the existing ontology-based indexing proposed by Kohler et al., by incorporating sibling information to the index. The index designed by Kohler et al., contains only super and sub-concepts from the ontology. In addition, in our approach, we focus on two tasks; query expansion and ranking of the expanded queries, to improve the efficiency of the ontology-based search. The aforementioned tasks make use of ontological concepts, and relations existing between those concepts so as to obtain semantically more relevant search results for a given query. Findings - The proposed ontology-based indexing technique is investigated by analysing the coverage of concepts that are being populated in the index. Here, we introduce a new measure called index enhancement measure, to estimate the coverage of ontological concepts being indexed. We have evaluated the ontology-based search for the tourism domain with the tourism documents and tourism-specific ontology. The comparison of search results based on the use of ontology "with and without query expansion" is examined to estimate the efficiency of the proposed query expansion task. The ranking is compared with the ORank system to evaluate the performance of our ontology-based search. From these analyses, the ontology-based search results shows better recall when compared to the other concept-based search systems. The mean average precision of the ontology-based search is found to be 0.79 and the recall is found to be 0.65, the ORank system has the mean average precision of 0.62 and the recall is found to be 0.51, while the concept-based search has the mean average precision of 0.56 and the recall is found to be 0.42. Practical implications - When the concept is not present in the domain-specific ontology, the concept cannot be indexed. When the given query term is not available in the ontology then the term-based results are retrieved. Originality/value - In addition to super and sub-concepts, we incorporate the concepts present in same level (siblings) to the ontological index. The structural information from the ontology is determined for the query expansion. The ranking of the documents depends on the type of the query (single concept query, multiple concept queries and concept with relation queries) and the ontological relations that exists in the query and the documents. With this ontological structural information, the search results showed us better coverage of concepts with respect to the query.
    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22
  2. Brezillon, P.; Saker, I.: Modeling context in information seeking (1999) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Context plays an important role in a number of domains where reasoning intervenes as in understanding, interpretation, diagnosis, etc. The reason is that reasoning activities heavily rely on a background (or experience) that is generally not made explicit and that gives a contextual dimension to knowledge. On the Web in December 1996, AItaVista gave more than 710000 pages containing the word context, when concept gives only 639000 references. A clear definition of this word stays to be found. There are several formal definitions of this concept (references are given in Brézillon, 1996): a set of preferences and/or beliefs, an infinite and only partially known collection of assumptions, a list of attributes, the product of an interpretation, possible worlds, assumptions under which a statement is true or false. One faces the same situation at the programming level: a collection of context schemas; a path in information retrieval; slots in object-oriented languages; a special, buffer-like data structure; a window on the screen, buttons which are functional customisable and shareable; an interpreter which controls the system's activity; the characteristics of the situation and the goals of the knowledge use; or entities (things or events) related in a certain way that permits to listen what is said and what is not said. Context is often assimilated at a set of restrictions (e.g., preconditions) that limit access to parts of the applications. The first works considering context explicitly are in Natural Language. Researchers in this domain focus on the linguistic context, sometimes associated with other types of contexts as: semantic context, cognitive context, physical and perceptual context, and social context (Bunt, 1997).
    Date
    21. 3.2002 19:29:27
  3. Quiroga, L.M.; Mostafa, J.: ¬An experiment in building profiles in information filtering : the role of context of user relevance feedback (2002) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    An experiment was conducted to see how relevance feedback could be used to build and adjust profiles to improve the performance of filtering systems. Data was collected during the system interaction of 18 graduate students with SIFTER (Smart Information Filtering Technology for Electronic Resources), a filtering system that ranks incoming information based on users' profiles. The data set came from a collection of 6000 records concerning consumer health. In the first phase of the study, three different modes of profile acquisition were compared. The explicit mode allowed users to directly specify the profile; the implicit mode utilized relevance feedback to create and refine the profile; and the combined mode allowed users to initialize the profile and to continuously refine it using relevance feedback. Filtering performance, measured in terms of Normalized Precision, showed that the three approaches were significantly different ( [small alpha, Greek] =0.05 and p =0.012). The explicit mode of profile acquisition consistently produced superior results. Exclusive reliance on relevance feedback in the implicit mode resulted in inferior performance. The low performance obtained by the implicit acquisition mode motivated the second phase of the study, which aimed to clarify the role of context in relevance feedback judgments. An inductive content analysis of thinking aloud protocols showed dimensions that were highly situational, establishing the importance context plays in feedback relevance assessments. Results suggest the need for better representation of documents, profiles, and relevance feedback mechanisms that incorporate dimensions identified in this research.
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: "Issues of context in information retrieval (IR)"
  4. Wolfram, D.; Xie, H.I.: Traditional IR for web users : a context for general audience digital libraries (2002) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The emergence of general audience digital libraries (GADLs) defines a context that represents a hybrid of both "traditional" IR, using primarily bibliographic resources provided by database vendors, and "popular" IR, exemplified by public search systems available on the World Wide Web. Findings of a study investigating end-user searching and response to a GADL are reported. Data collected from a Web-based end-user survey and data logs of resource usage for a Web-based GADL were analyzed for user characteristics, patterns of access and use, and user feedback. Cross-tabulations using respondent demographics revealed several key differences in how the system was used and valued by users of different age groups. Older users valued the service more than younger users and engaged in different searching and viewing behaviors. The GADL more closely resembles traditional retrieval systems in terms of content and purpose of use, but is more similar to popular IR systems in terms of user behavior and accessibility. A model that defines the dual context of the GADL environment is derived from the data analysis and existing IR models in general and other specific contexts. The authors demonstrate the distinguishing characteristics of this IR context, and discuss implications for the development and evaluation of future GADLs to accommodate a variety of user needs and expectations.
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: "Issues of context in information retrieval (IR)"
  5. Tudhope, D.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.; Binding, C.: Query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections (2006) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections Design/methodology/approach - An extract of the National Museum of Science and Industry's collections database, indexed with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), was the dataset for the research. The system architecture and algorithms for semantic closeness and the matching function are outlined. Standalone and web interfaces are described and formative qualitative user studies are discussed. One user session is discussed in detail, together with a scenario based on a related public inquiry. Findings are set in context of the literature on thesaurus-based query expansion. This paper discusses the potential of query expansion techniques using the semantic relationships in a faceted thesaurus. Findings - Thesaurus-assisted retrieval systems have potential for multi-concept descriptors, permitting very precise queries and indexing. However, indexer and searcher may differ in terminology judgments and there may not be any exactly matching results. The integration of semantic closeness in the matching function permits ranked results for multi-concept queries in thesaurus-indexed applications. An in-memory representation of the thesaurus semantic network allows a combination of automatic and interactive control of expansion and control of expansion on individual query terms. Originality/value - The application of semantic expansion to browsing may be useful in interface options where thesaurus structure is hidden.
    Date
    30. 7.2011 16:07:29
  6. Efthimiadis, E.N.: User choices : a new yardstick for the evaluation of ranking algorithms for interactive query expansion (1995) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The performance of 8 ranking algorithms was evaluated with respect to their effectiveness in ranking terms for query expansion. The evaluation was conducted within an investigation of interactive query expansion and relevance feedback in a real operational environment. Focuses on the identification of algorithms that most effectively take cognizance of user preferences. user choices (i.e. the terms selected by the searchers for the query expansion search) provided the yardstick for the evaluation of the 8 ranking algorithms. This methodology introduces a user oriented approach in evaluating ranking algorithms for query expansion in contrast to the standard, system oriented approaches. Similarities in the performance of the 8 algorithms and the ways these algorithms rank terms were the main focus of this evaluation. The findings demonstrate that the r-lohi, wpq, enim, and porter algorithms have similar performance in bringing good terms to the top of a ranked list of terms for query expansion. However, further evaluation of the algorithms in different (e.g. full text) environments is needed before these results can be generalized beyond the context of the present study
    Date
    22. 2.1996 13:14:10
  7. Zhang, J.; Mostafa, J.; Tripathy, H.: Information retrieval by semantic analysis and visualization of the concept space of D-Lib® magazine (2002) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    In this article we present a method for retrieving documents from a digital library through a visual interface based on automatically generated concepts. We used a vocabulary generation algorithm to generate a set of concepts for the digital library and a technique called the max-min distance technique to cluster them. Additionally, the concepts were visualized in a spring embedding graph layout to depict the semantic relationship among them. The resulting graph layout serves as an aid to users for retrieving documents. An online archive containing the contents of D-Lib Magazine from July 1995 to May 2002 was used to test the utility of an implemented retrieval and visualization system. We believe that the method developed and tested can be applied to many different domains to help users get a better understanding of online document collections and to minimize users' cognitive load during execution of search tasks. Over the past few years, the volume of information available through the World Wide Web has been expanding exponentially. Never has so much information been so readily available and shared among so many people. Unfortunately, the unstructured nature and huge volume of information accessible over networks have made it hard for users to sift through and find relevant information. To deal with this problem, information retrieval (IR) techniques have gained more intensive attention from both industrial and academic researchers. Numerous IR techniques have been developed to help deal with the information overload problem. These techniques concentrate on mathematical models and algorithms for retrieval. Popular IR models such as the Boolean model, the vector-space model, the probabilistic model and their variants are well established.
    From the user's perspective, however, it is still difficult to use current information retrieval systems. Users frequently have problems expressing their information needs and translating those needs into queries. This is partly due to the fact that information needs cannot be expressed appropriately in systems terms. It is not unusual for users to input search terms that are different from the index terms information systems use. Various methods have been proposed to help users choose search terms and articulate queries. One widely used approach is to incorporate into the information system a thesaurus-like component that represents both the important concepts in a particular subject area and the semantic relationships among those concepts. Unfortunately, the development and use of thesauri is not without its own problems. The thesaurus employed in a specific information system has often been developed for a general subject area and needs significant enhancement to be tailored to the information system where it is to be used. This thesaurus development process, if done manually, is both time consuming and labor intensive. Usage of a thesaurus in searching is complex and may raise barriers for the user. For illustration purposes, let us consider two scenarios of thesaurus usage. In the first scenario the user inputs a search term and the thesaurus then displays a matching set of related terms. Without an overview of the thesaurus - and without the ability to see the matching terms in the context of other terms - it may be difficult to assess the quality of the related terms in order to select the correct term. In the second scenario the user browses the whole thesaurus, which is organized as in an alphabetically ordered list. The problem with this approach is that the list may be long, and neither does it show users the global semantic relationship among all the listed terms.
  8. Layfield, C.; Azzopardi, J,; Staff, C.: Experiments with document retrieval from small text collections using Latent Semantic Analysis or term similarity with query coordination and automatic relevance feedback (2017) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    One of the problems faced by users of databases containing textual documents is the difficulty in retrieving relevant results due to the diverse vocabulary used in queries and contained in relevant documents, especially when there are only a small number of relevant documents. This problem is known as the Vocabulary Gap. The PIKES team have constructed a small test collection of 331 articles extracted from a blog and a Gold Standard for 35 queries selected from the blog's search log so the results of different approaches to semantic search can be compared. So far, prior approaches include recognising Named Entities in documents and queries, and relations including temporal relations, and represent them as `semantic layers' in a retrieval system index. In this work, we take two different approaches that do not involve Named Entity Recognition. In the first approach, we process an unannotated version of the PIKES document collection using Latent Semantic Analysis and use a combination of query coordination and automatic relevance feedback with which we outperform prior work. However, this approach is highly dependent on the underlying collection, and is not necessarily scalable to massive collections. In our second approach, we use an LSA Model generated by SEMILAR from a Wikipedia dump to generate a Term Similarity Matrix (TSM). We automatically expand the queries in the PIKES test collection with related terms from the TSM and submit them to a term-by-document matrix derived by indexing the PIKES collection using the Vector Space Model. Coupled with a combination of query coordination and automatic relevance feedback we also outperform prior work with this approach. The advantage of the second approach is that it is independent of the underlying document collection.
    Date
    10. 3.2017 13:29:57
  9. Smeaton, A.F.; Rijsbergen, C.J. van: ¬The retrieval effects of query expansion on a feedback document retrieval system (1983) 0.04 
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    Date
    30. 3.2001 13:32:22
  10. Efthimiadis, E.N.: End-users' understanding of thesaural knowledge structures in interactive query expansion (1994) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The process of term selection for query expansion by end-users is discussed within the context of a study of interactive query expansion in a relevance feedback environment. This user study focuses on how users' perceive and understand term relationships, such as hierarchical and associative relationships, in their searches
    Date
    30. 3.2001 13:35:22
  11. Song, D.; Bruza, P.D.: Towards context sensitive information inference (2003) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Humans can make hasty, but generally robust judgements about what a text fragment is, or is not, about. Such judgements are termed information inference. This article furnishes an account of information inference from a psychologistic stance. By drawing an theories from nonclassical logic and applied cognition, an information inference mechanism is proposed that makes inferences via computations of information flow through an approximation of a conceptual space. Within a conceptual space information is represented geometrically. In this article, geometric representations of words are realized as vectors in a high dimensional semantic space, which is automatically constructed from a text corpus. Two approaches were presented for priming vector representations according to context. The first approach uses a concept combination heuristic to adjust the vector representation of a concept in the light of the representation of another concept. The second approach computes a prototypical concept an the basis of exemplar trace texts and moves it in the dimensional space according to the context. Information inference is evaluated by measuring the effectiveness of query models derived by information flow computations. Results show that information flow contributes significantly to query model effectiveness, particularly with respect to precision. Moreover, retrieval effectiveness compares favorably with two probabilistic query models, and another based an semantic association. More generally, this article can be seen as a contribution towards realizing operational systems that mimic text-based human reasoning.
    Date
    22. 3.2003 19:35:46
  12. Hemmje, M.; Kunkel, C.; Willett, A.: LyberWorld - a visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval (1994) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    LyberWorld is a prototype IR user interface. It implements visualizations of an abstract information space-fulltext. The paper derives a model for such visualizations and an exemplar user interface design is implemented for the probabilistic fulltext retrieval system INQUERY. Visualizations are used to communicate information search and browsing activities in a natural way by applying metaphors of spatial navigation in abstract information spaces. Visualization tools for exploring information spaces and judging relevance of information items are introduced and an example session demonstrates the prototype. The presence of a spatial model in the user's mind and interaction with a system's corresponding display methods is regarded as an essential contribution towards natural interaction and reduction of cognitive costs during e.g. query construction, orientation within the database content, relevance judgement and orientation within the retrieval context.
  13. Sacco, G.M.: Dynamic taxonomies and guided searches (2006) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    A new search paradigm, in which the primary user activity is the guided exploration of a complex information space rather than the retrieval of items based on precise specifications, is proposed. The author claims that this paradigm is the norm in most practical applications, and that solutions based on traditional search methods are not effective in this context. He then presents a solution based on dynamic taxonomies, a knowledge management model that effectively guides users to reach their goal while giving them total freedom in exploring the information base. Applications, benefits, and current research are discussed.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 17:56:22
  14. Chebil, W.; Soualmia, L.F.; Omri, M.N.; Darmoni, S.F.: Indexing biomedical documents with a possibilistic network (2016) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    In this article, we propose a new approach for indexing biomedical documents based on a possibilistic network that carries out partial matching between documents and biomedical vocabulary. The main contribution of our approach is to deal with the imprecision and uncertainty of the indexing task using possibility theory. We enhance estimation of the similarity between a document and a given concept using the two measures of possibility and necessity. Possibility estimates the extent to which a document is not similar to the concept. The second measure can provide confirmation that the document is similar to the concept. Our contribution also reduces the limitation of partial matching. Although the latter allows extracting from the document other variants of terms than those in dictionaries, it also generates irrelevant information. Our objective is to filter the index using the knowledge provided by the Unified Medical Language System®. Experiments were carried out on different corpora, showing encouraging results (the improvement rate is +26.37% in terms of main average precision when compared with the baseline).
  15. Kopácsi, S. et al.: Development of a classification server to support metadata harmonization in a long term preservation system (2016) 0.03 
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    Source
    Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
  16. Cool, C.; Spink, A.: Issues of context in information retrieval (IR) : an introduction to the special issue (2002) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The subject of context has received a great deal of attention in the information retrieval (IR) literature over the past decade, primarily in studies of information seeking and IR interactions. Recently, attention to context in IR has expanded to address new problems in new environments. In this paper we outline five overlapping dimensions of context which we believe to be important constituent elements and we discuss how they are related to different issues in IR research. The papers in this special issue are summarized with respect to how they represent work that is being conducted within these dimensions of context. We conclude with future areas of research which are needed in order to fully understand the multidimensional nature of context in IR.
    Footnote
    Einführung in ein Themenheft: "Issues of context in information retrieval (IR)"
  17. Kelly, D.: Measuring online information seeking context : Part 2: Findings and discussion (2006) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Context is one of the most important concepts in information seeking and retrieval research. However, the challenges of studying context are great; thus, it is more common for researchers to use context as a post hoc explanatory factor, rather than as a concept that drives inquiry. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for collecting data about information seeking context in natural online environments, and identify which aspects of context should be considered when studying online information seeking. The study is reported in two parts. In this, the second part, results and implications of this research are presented. Part 1 (Kelly, 2006) discussed previous literature on information seeking context and behavior, situated the current study within this literature, and described the naturalistic, longitudinal research design that was used to examine and measure the online information seeking context of seven users during a 14-week period. Results provide support for the value of the method in studying online information seeking context, the relative importance of various measures of context, how these measures change over time, and, finally, the relationship between these measures. In particular, results demonstrate significant differences in distributions of usefulness ratings according to task and topic.
  18. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.: Compound descriptors in context : a matching function for classifications and thesauri (2002) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    There are many advantages for Digital Libraries in indexing with classifications or thesauri, but some current disincentive in the lack of flexible retrieval tools that deal with compound descriptors. This paper discusses a matching function for compound descriptors, or multi-concept subject headings, that does not rely an exact matching but incorporates term expansion via thesaurus semantic relationships to produce ranked results that take account of missing and partially matching terms. The matching function is based an a measure of semantic closeness between terms, which has the potential to help with recall problems. The work reported is part of the ongoing FACET project in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry and its collections database. The architecture of the prototype system and its Interface are outlined. The matching problem for compound descriptors is reviewed and the FACET implementation described. Results are discussed from scenarios using the faceted Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus. We argue that automatic traversal of thesaurus relationships can augment the user's browsing possibilities. The techniques can be applied both to unstructured multi-concept subject headings and potentially to more syntactically structured strings. The notion of a focus term is used by the matching function to model AAT modified descriptors (noun phrases). The relevance of the approach to precoordinated indexing and matching faceted strings is discussed.
  19. Klas, C.-P.; Fuhr, N.; Schaefer, A.: Evaluating strategic support for information access in the DAFFODIL system (2004) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The digital library system Daffodil is targeted at strategic support of users during the information search process. For searching, exploring and managing digital library objects it provides user-customisable information seeking patterns over a federation of heterogeneous digital libraries. In this paper evaluation results with respect to retrieval effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction are presented. The analysis focuses on strategic support for the scientific work-flow. Daffodil supports the whole work-flow, from data source selection over information seeking to the representation, organisation and reuse of information. By embedding high level search functionality into the scientific work-flow, the user experiences better strategic system support due to a more systematic work process. These ideas have been implemented in Daffodil followed by a qualitative evaluation. The evaluation has been conducted with 28 participants, ranging from information seeking novices to experts. The results are promising, as they support the chosen model.
    Date
    16.11.2008 16:22:48
  20. Atanassova, I.; Bertin, M.: Semantic facets for scientific information retrieval (2014) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    We present an Information Retrieval System for scientific publications that provides the possibility to filter results according to semantic facets. We use sentence-level semantic annotations that identify specific semantic relations in texts, such as methods, definitions, hypotheses, that correspond to common information needs related to scientific literature. The semantic annotations are obtained using a rule-based method that identifies linguistic clues organized into a linguistic ontology. The system is implemented using Solr Search Server and offers efficient search and navigation in scientific papers.
    Source
    Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge. SemWebEval 2014 at ESWC 2014, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: V. Presutti et al

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