Search (81 results, page 2 of 5)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × theme_ss:"Verbale Doksprachen für präkombinierte Einträge"
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  1. Bloomfield, M.: ¬A look at subject headings : a plea for standardization (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In the preparation of a book on how to do a literature search, many inconsistencies were found in the assignment of subject terms. The Library of Congress Subject Headings is cited for not bringing computer languages into a consistent pattern. BASIC and FORTRAN are treated differently in their see also references and are without references to the words "computers" or "computer." Also index terms for the literature search on the "search for extraterrestrial life" showed inconsistent patterns in indexing. Catalogers and indexers need to review the work they are currently publishing and try to decide how to bring some standardization to the construction of subject terms. There is a need to provide a single thesaurus for all English index terms.
    Type
    a
  2. Anderson, J.D.; Hofmann, M.A.: ¬A fully faceted syntax for Library of Congress Subject Headings (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Moving to a fully faceted syntax would resolve three problems facing Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): 1. Inconsistent syntax rules; 2. Inability to create headings that are coextensive with the topic of a work; and 3. Lack of effective displays for long lists of subdivisions under a single subject heading in OPACs and similar electronic displays. The authors advocate a fully faceted syntax using the facets of a modern faceted library classification (The Bliss Bibliographic Classification, 2d ed.). They demonstrate how this might be accomplished so as to integrate the new syntax with existing headings.
    Type
    a
  3. Studwell, W.E.: ¬A tale of two decades, or, the decline of the fortunes of LC subject headings (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Claims that there is no clear plan, comprehensive philosophy, or macro approach to the revision of Library of Congress Subject Headings. Having missed a great opportunity in the mid-1980s to develop a subject analog of AACR2, LC is now in a period of decline. Discusses alternatives to LC subject access such as PRECIS and keyword searching. Urges LC to halt and reverse the decline by bold, decisive action in the 1990s
    Type
    a
  4. Studwell, W.E.: ¬The three camps : the present and possible future status of subject access in online catalogues (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Considers the future of LCSH and whether their viability can be maintained through a written standardization code. Until there is an online substitute for LC subject headings which has been tested on a large scale over a period of time, a successor to the present combination of LC's controlled vocabulary headings plus computerized techniques such as keyword searching is unlikely to emerge
    Type
    a
  5. Biswas, S.C.; Smith, F.: Efficiency and effectiveness of deep structure based indexing languages : PRECIS vs. DSIS (1991) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A subject indexing language (SIL) is an artificial language used for formulating names of subjects and is composed of (a) a vocabulary, (b) a list of elementary categories, and (c) the rules of syntax. A string indexing language is an SIL, whose expressions are multiple overlappimg index entries, constructed accordingly to explicit syntax rules. PRECIS, developed by Austin, and POPSI, developed by Bhattacharyya, are two such string indexing languages. DSIS is a more versatile version of the POPSI system, developed by Devadason. There have been several attempts to compare and evaluate the superiority of one system over another, with the exception that none of these tried to compare their performances from the searcher's point of view. This present study tries to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of printed subject indexes produced by PRECIS and DSIS on a non-empirical basis and based on the following five major characteristics of index entries identified by Craven as desirable from the searcher's viewpoint: (1) predicitibility, (2) collocation, (3) clarity, (4) succinctness, and (5) eliminability. A representative sample of 600 documents (both macro and micro), chosen from three different social science subject fields, has been used as the test data. The main points of discussion are (a) the term structure, (b) the term relationships, and (c) the entry structure, generated by the two systems. On the whole, a PRECIS index performs better than a DSIS index in terms of most of the above characteristics. It has been concluded that the user will search the former more efficiently and effectively than the latter
    Type
    a
  6. Biswas, P.: Rooted in the past : use of "East Indians" in Library of Congress Subject Headings (2018) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This article argues that the use of the Library of Congress subject heading "East Indians" in reference to individuals from India represents not only a problematic vestige of colonialism, but also a failure of the principle of literary warrant. It provides an overview of the term's historical roots and then examines whether the term is still widely used in published resources. Although assigning a subject heading is not easy and can involve a choice between contested realities of diverse peoples, the author contends that a rejection of outdated terminology is central to providing any culturally sensitive tool for resource organization.
    Type
    a
  7. Drabenstott, K.M.: Interpreting the findings of "A study of library users and their understanding of subject headings" (1999) 0.00 
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  8. Satija, M.P.; Joo, S.; Jeong, E.-J.: ¬The 21st sdition (2014) of the Sears List of Subject Headings : a brief introduction (2015) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    States in brief the new features of the recently released 21st edition of the Sears List of Subject Headings. Introduces its new editor Barbara A. Bristow, and the new publisher EBSCO Information Services which recently acquired Sears' founder publisher since 1923, the H.W. Wilson Company. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition there are a total of 250 new headings making it a total of 10,000 preferred headings meant for small and medium sized libraries. Critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. States the additional features of the online edition. Concludes to say the new edition maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings.
    Type
    a
  9. Liu, Y.-H.; Wacholder, N.: Evaluating the impact of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms on different types of searchers (2017) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A commonly used technique for improving search engine performance is result caching. In result caching, precomputed results (e.g., URLs and snippets of best matching pages) of certain queries are stored in a fast-access storage. The future occurrences of a query whose results are already stored in the cache can be directly served by the result cache, eliminating the need to process the query using costly computing resources. Although other performance metrics are possible, the main performance metric for evaluating the success of a result cache is hit rate. In this work, we present a machine learning approach to improve the hit rate of a result cache by facilitating a large number of features extracted from search engine query logs. We then apply the proposed machine learning approach to static, dynamic, and static-dynamic caching. Compared to the previous methods in the literature, the proposed approach improves the hit rate of the result cache up to 0.66%, which corresponds to 9.60% of the potential room for improvement.
    Type
    a
  10. Dykstra, M.: Can subject headings be saved? (1988) 0.00 
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  11. Craven, T.C.: Changing technologies: impact on information: the case of string indexing (1985) 0.00 
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  12. Villiers, L. de: On-line subject retrieval on CPALS : help us choose! (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A decision must be made about the selection of a system of subject headings for the Library Service of the Western Cape in South Africa. Describes the advantages and disadvantages of the LCSH and of the Provincial Library Service of the Western Cape Subject Indes with a request to users to provide feedback about the preferred system
    Type
    a
  13. Bodoff, D.; Kambil, A.: Partial coordination : II. A preliminary evaluation and failure analysis (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Partial coordination is a new method for cataloging documents for subject access. It is especially designed to enhance the precision of document searches in online environments. This article reports a preliminary evaluation of partial coordination that shows promising results compared with full-text retrieval. We also report the difficulties in empirically evaluating the effectiveness of automatic full-text retrieval in contrast to mixed methods such as partial coordination which combine human cataloging with computerized retrieval. Based on our study, we propose research in this area will substantially benefit from a common framework for failure analysis and a common data set. This will allow information retrieval researchers adapting 'library style'cataloging to large electronic document collections, as well as those developing automated or mixed methods, to directly compare their proposals for indexing and retrieval. This article concludes by suggesting guidelines for constructing such as testbed
    Type
    a
  14. Olson, H.A.: Difference, culture and change : the untrapped potential of LCSH (2000) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The Library of Congress Subject Headings have traditionally attempted to reflect reality neutrally. The result is bias in representing cultural margins. While neutrality is one of the ethical stances espoused by librarianship, another is universal and equitable access to information for the betterment of humanity. This paper views LCSH as a potential tool for cultural change using Homi Bhabha's postcolonial concept of a Third Space as a model. LCSH functions as a Third Space where the meanings of documents are constructed and enunciated for library users. Therefore, it is in LCSH that there is potential for instigating change
    Type
    a
  15. Mitchell, V.; Hsieh-Yee, I.: Converting Ulrich's subject headings(TM) to FAST headings : a feasibility study (2007) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents a study that assessed the feasibility of applying the approach of the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST), an initiative of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), to records in the Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.? The goal is to determine whether a simplified application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), as illustrated by FAST, would benefit the Ulrich's system. This feasibility study found that although a few problems were encountered in the process, overall the FAST database was useful for converting Ulrich's subject headings into FAST headings.
    Type
    a
  16. Bone, C.; Lougheed, B.: Library of Congress Subject Headings related to indigenous peoples : changing LCSH for use in a Canadian archival context (2018) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The Association for Manitoba Archives has created a database where members can deposit archival descriptions to provide a central search for users. Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) were chosen as the controlled subject vocabulary to use in the descriptions, but changes were made to LCSH to better describe material about or by Indigenous peoples. Examples include: the word "Indian"; geographic place embedded in terms such as "Indians of North America"; changes related to Manitoba peoples specifically; and miscellaneous changes not part of a larger pattern. New terms were also added.
    Type
    a
  17. Gnoli, C.: Knowledge organization in Italy (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    As an Italian chapter of ISKO has recently been reorganized, I was kindly invited to Write a short report an current KO activities in our country. So, in the following, I will briefly illustrate the local situation of the various kinds of knowledge organization systems, as well as related developments and activities. I am grateful to Paola Capitani, Emanuela Casson, Michele Santoro, and Lorena Zuccolo for providing useful information to be included here.
    Content
    "Subject headings Many Italian libraries create subject headings for their catalogues, using as a reference guide the "Soggettario per i catalogui delle biblioteche italiane." This is basically a list of subject terms created by the Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze (BNCF), first published in 1956 and later updated with various lists of new subject headings. Though the Soggettario is still the main available reference, librarians are generally aware that it is outdated in both vocabulary and structure, especially as it does not provide explicit principles and rules to create and combine subject headings. A research group, called the Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto (GRIS), was founded in 1990. It was devoted to improving the principles and consistency of subject indexing. Its members have performed in depth investigations of the structure of subject headings, starting with the principles of facet analysis used in PRECIS and including original developments. Results of their work are coded into the Guida all'indicizzazione per soggetto, published in 1996 and available also online <http:// wwwaib.it/aib/commiss/gris/gulda.htm>. The GRIS guide does not concern vocabulary, but morphological and syntactical rules for choosing and combining terms according to a sound citation order, based an a "role scheme." Unfortunately, GRIS principles have been applied only in a small number of libraries, mainly in Tuscany, rohere most GRIS members are located. A new project is now attempting to blend the traditional authority of the Soggettario with the more advanced principles of GRIS. A working group has been formed with people from BNCF, GRIS, and others, to study the feasibility of a renewal of the Soggettario. The group produced a report book in 2002, specifying the desirable features of the new system, and is at present searching for grants to implement it.
    Terminology and thesauri BNCF is also involved in a working group collecting information an online terminological resources <http://wwwindire.it/websemantico>. The group is headed by Paola Capitani, and has organized several roundtables an terminology in special domains, such as economy, fashion, law, and education. Thesauri are generally poorly known and used in Italy, although there are significant exceptions: among faceted systems we can mention the "Thesauro italiano di sociologia," published in 1999, and the "Thesaurus regionale toscano," as well as specialized an social sciences including a general outline, available both in print (1996) and online <http:// www regione.toscana.it/ius/ns-thesaurus/>. Classification systems The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is by far the most widespread classification scheme in Italian libraries. A working group, coordinated by Luigi Crocetti, regularly translates the new editions of DDC manuals, and gives refresher courses an it for librarians. BNCF makes DDC numbers for bibliographical records both of its own catalogue, and of the national bibliography (= Bibliografia nazionale italiana: BNI), which is available for other libraries in a CD-ROM edition. A very large number of public libraries use DDC for their shelfmarks, so that users are accustomed to it. This situation is different from other European countries, e.g., Spain where UDC is widespread."
    Type
    a
  18. Shubert, S.B.: Critical views of LCSH - ten years later : a bibliographic essay (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay" published in 'Cataloging & classification quarterly 1(1982) S.71-93' has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about LCSH. Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944-1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the LCSHs during the 1980s. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch den Vorgänger: Kirtland, M., P.A. Cochrane: Critical views of LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1982) no.2/3, S.71-93. und den Nachfolger: Fischer, K.S.: Critical views of LCSH, 1990-2001: the third bibliographic essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 41(2005) no.1, S.x-xx.
    Type
    a
  19. Dhawan, S.M.; Yerkey, A.N.: Trends in subject heading assignment in cataloging records during 1974-1978 (1983) 0.00 
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  20. Mineur, B.W.: Relations in chains (1973) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The criticisms made against chain indexing are reviewed, and PRECIS briefly considered as a possible (but improbable) general substitute for indexing. The failures of chain indexing arise mainly from an inherited overemphasis on generic relationships, encouraged by careless use of the term 'chain'. The use of symbols to represent relations between terms is suggested for the chain index, to emphasize syntagmatic relations and prevent ambiguity. These relationships can be used to manipulate the index terms into likely additional index approaches, employing the logical concepts of symmetry and transitivity which derive from a structure inherent between relations, a sort of 'metarelations'. The transitivityy of the relations of action or property to object over the relation of material to object are particularly considered, and clues to this relational structure obtained from Aristotle's theory of causation
    Type
    a

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