Search (110 results, page 2 of 6)

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Abstract

With the current information environment characterized by the proliferation of digital resources, including collaboratively created and shared resources, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is facing the challenges of effective and efficient subject-based organization and retrieval of digital resources. To explore the feasibility of utilizing LCSH in a digital environment, we might need to revisit its basic characteristics. The objectives of our study were to analyze LCSH in both syntactic and relational structures, to discover the structural characteristics of LCSH, and to identify problems and issues for the feasibility of LCSH as an effective subject access tool. This study reports and discusses issues raised by the syntactic and hierarchical structures of LCSH that present challenges to its use in a networked environment. Given the results of this study, we recommend a number of provisional future directions for the development of LCSH towards further becoming a viable system for digital and networked resources.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.4, S.677-687

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Abstract

Claims that there is no clear plan, comprehensive philosophy, or macro approach to the revision of Library of Congress Subject Headings. Having missed a great opportunity in the mid-1980s to develop a subject analog of AACR2, LC is now in a period of decline. Discusses alternatives to LC subject access such as PRECIS and keyword searching. Urges LC to halt and reverse the decline by bold, decisive action in the 1990s

Source

Western Association of Map Libraries information bulletin. 25(1994) no.2, S.73-74

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Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

The criticisms made against chain indexing are reviewed, and PRECIS briefly considered as a possible (but improbable) general substitute for indexing. The failures of chain indexing arise mainly from an inherited overemphasis on generic relationships, encouraged by careless use of the term 'chain'. The use of symbols to represent relations between terms is suggested for the chain index, to emphasize syntagmatic relations and prevent ambiguity. These relationships can be used to manipulate the index terms into likely additional index approaches, employing the logical concepts of symmetry and transitivity which derive from a structure inherent between relations, a sort of 'metarelations'. The transitivityy of the relations of action or property to object over the relation of material to object are particularly considered, and clues to this relational structure obtained from Aristotle's theory of causation

Source

Journal of librarianship. 5(1973), S.175-202

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Abstract

Many kinds of structure can be discerned in the headings and rules governing the Library of Congress Subject Headings. By addressing these structures at different levels, librarians can develop different approaches to the machine-assisted validation of subject headings, from the checking of individual words to the validation of complex forms of heading/subdivision compatibility. Using computer programs to assist with maintenance of subject headings is becoming increasingly necessary as technical services librarians strive to create consistent and useful patterns of subject collocation in library catalogs

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

This article argues that the use of the Library of Congress subject heading "East Indians" in reference to individuals from India represents not only a problematic vestige of colonialism, but also a failure of the principle of literary warrant. It provides an overview of the term's historical roots and then examines whether the term is still widely used in published resources. Although assigning a subject heading is not easy and can involve a choice between contested realities of diverse peoples, the author contends that a rejection of outdated terminology is central to providing any culturally sensitive tool for resource organization.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 38(2011) no.4, S.360-361 (M.P. Satija): "The 20th edition of the celebrated Sears List (1sted.1923) published in June 2010 sets a new cycle of three year revision. Earlier it was three and a half years to synchronize with the publication of the new edition of the Abridged Dewey revised after every seven years. In the days of constantly updated WebDewey, it is no more a constraint. For the first time Sears List has been released simultaneously in online database format accessible to licensed subscribers. Responding to the environmental changes the basic edition is the online one whose content is designed in MARC authority. Print edition is now a derivative of the MARC data. The editors keep tabs on the changing information seeking behavior of users and how OPACs are accessed; yet the editors or the publishers never discuss the mechanisms of designing a new edition. The new edition features more than 300 new subject headings suggested by librarians from different types of libraries, vendors of bibliographic records, indexers and subject specialists at the H.W. Wilson Company. Every new edition incorporates advances in vocabulary control, changing approaches of library users for subject access and even in the worldwide use of the English language. Each edition of the Sears List strengthens and continues the policies and consolidates the reforms that began with the 15th edition (1994). It is indeed an era of innovations in Sears. The latest knowledge from information science and information seeking behavior has been deployed to modernize the internal structure and grammar of the Sears List. Continuing adaptation constitutes the key to its success and popularity in the shifting sands of the information-seeking behavior of users. But the List is still a living manifestation of the principles of subject cataloguing put forth by C.A. Cutter (1837-1903).
. . . To summarize, as usual the List continues to provide complete guidance for the subject cataloguers for the maintenance of catalogues, for addition of new headings, and revision of the old ones. Its Introduction is clear and well illustrated, so much so that not only it is an illustrated operational manual to the Sears but also a concise textbook to teach principles and theory of the subject headings. Due to its affordable price and portability it is used to teach basics of subject headings in first year of Knowledge Organization courses. It also acts as an excellent and easy index to the DDC (Weihs 2004). The new edition should be welcome both for subject cataloguers and for teachers of subject cataloguing work."

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Imprint

Halifax, N.S. : Dalhousie University, School of Library and Information Studies

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Abstract

The nature of a library's collections determines what kind of subject access to provide to those collections. The collections of the Cleveland Public Library serve both the recreational and research needs of a large urban population. The Cleveland Public Library uses Library of Congress Subject Headings to describe its collections. A study of subject searches entered by library patrons over the course of one week reveals several patterns among the types of subject headings used most frequently, reflecting the characteristics of the population served. Other topics discussed include subject access to fiction, juvenileliterature, and specialized collections

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

Over the last ten years, the Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (SBN) has become the largest Italian network of bibliographic services. The creation of the SBN Index database and its growth through shared cataloging were the focus of attention during the early phase, and for years, discussion was limited to questions of author cataloging and bibliographic description. Subject cataloging was excluded from the cooperative activity of the member libraries. In 1990 the Working Group on Subject Headings and Classes was established to examine this situation. First, a partial solution was found, to permit the launch of the network itself. This was followed, several years later, by the development of the SBN OPAC and the creation of the file of subject headings and classes in the SBN Index. From an operational perspective, the choice was made to forego managing the subject headings file in accordance with shared cataloging principles, with mixed results. In order for the subject file to have broader coverage and to further encourage cooperative subject cataloging, the SBN Index Development Program, in which the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico delle Biblioteche Italiane (ICCU) has been engaged for about two years, aims at enriching services of the database and opening up new and diversified types of usage. Almost simultaneously the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (BNCF) initiated a feasibility study on the revision of the Soggettario delle biblioteche italiane (List of Subject Headings in Italian Libraries) for the catalogs of Italian libraries. Both the BNCF and the ICCU share the goal of building a new, consistent vocabulary for documentation of subject matter.

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Abstract

States in brief the new features of the recently released 21st edition of the Sears List of Subject Headings. Introduces its new editor Barbara A. Bristow, and the new publisher EBSCO Information Services which recently acquired Sears' founder publisher since 1923, the H.W. Wilson Company. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition there are a total of 250 new headings making it a total of 10,000 preferred headings meant for small and medium sized libraries. Critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. States the additional features of the online edition. Concludes to say the new edition maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings.

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

The LCSH system is still an important part of the future for subject access to catalogues of bibliographic records. The British Library has decided to reinstate LCSH to records created for the BNB, because of the economic necessity of cooperation and because it provides an available common standard. Outlines development plans for the LCSH, and the British Library's involvement through its participation in the Subject Authorities Cooperative programme. It will also be involved in: training in the application of LCSH, and indexing of works of literature and fiction. The cooperative trend is now towards the creation of an international subject authority database

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Abstract

Discusses subject headings, in particular. Library of Congress Subject Headings as a standard for subject representation of documents in library catalogues. Addresses: the characteristics of LCSH, its use in subject cataloguing and retrieval and its place in online catalogues. Considers the future of LCSH

Source

Standards for the international exchange of bibliographic information: papers presented at a course held at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, 3-18 August 1990. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

A decision must be made about the selection of a system of subject headings for the Library Service of the Western Cape in South Africa. Describes the advantages and disadvantages of the LCSH and of the Provincial Library Service of the Western Cape Subject Indes with a request to users to provide feedback about the preferred system

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Abstract

A subject indexing language (SIL) is an artificial language used for formulating names of subjects and is composed of (a) a vocabulary, (b) a list of elementary categories, and (c) the rules of syntax. A string indexing language is an SIL, whose expressions are multiple overlappimg index entries, constructed accordingly to explicit syntax rules. PRECIS, developed by Austin, and POPSI, developed by Bhattacharyya, are two such string indexing languages. DSIS is a more versatile version of the POPSI system, developed by Devadason. There have been several attempts to compare and evaluate the superiority of one system over another, with the exception that none of these tried to compare their performances from the searcher's point of view. This present study tries to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of printed subject indexes produced by PRECIS and DSIS on a non-empirical basis and based on the following five major characteristics of index entries identified by Craven as desirable from the searcher's viewpoint: (1) predicitibility, (2) collocation, (3) clarity, (4) succinctness, and (5) eliminability. A representative sample of 600 documents (both macro and micro), chosen from three different social science subject fields, has been used as the test data. The main points of discussion are (a) the term structure, (b) the term relationships, and (c) the entry structure, generated by the two systems. On the whole, a PRECIS index performs better than a DSIS index in terms of most of the above characteristics. It has been concluded that the user will search the former more efficiently and effectively than the latter

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Abstract

Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay" published in 'Cataloging & classification quarterly 1(1982) S.71-93' has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about LCSH. Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944-1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the LCSHs during the 1980s. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner

Footnote

Vgl. auch den Vorgänger: Kirtland, M., P.A. Cochrane: Critical views of LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings: a bibliographic and bibliometric essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1982) no.2/3, S.71-93. und den Nachfolger: Fischer, K.S.: Critical views of LCSH, 1990-2001: the third bibliographic essay. In: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 41(2005) no.1, S.x-xx.

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Abstract

This writeup presents the fundamentals of subject indexing in terms of its development, scope, coverage, role in subject indexing techniques and the important elements to design a well-structured and effective subject indexing process, requirements and the infrastructure. From the time of RDC to PRECIS, the developers has been envisaged the problems to expand the flexibility and versatility of indexing technique. Whenever one indexing process is failed to achieve the maximum efficiency another is developed on the basis of failure. It concludes that all the developments of subject indexing processes during that era are leads to the innovation of Artificial Intelligence technique (AI), i.e. Natural Language Processing (NLP) by implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in present time.

Source

International journal of library and information studies. 7(2017) no.4, S.338-350