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  1. Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    In this lecture I intend to challenge those who uphold a monist or even a dualist view of the universe; and I will propose, instead, a pluralist view. I will propose a view of the universe that recognizes at least three different but interacting sub-universes.
    Source
    https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
    Type
    a
  2. Pacek, Z.M.: Cataloguing and presentation tools for old maps and map series (2019) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Einblick in Katalogisierungspraxis und Erschließungshilfen von Karten.
    Type
    a
  3. Stewart, A.: Sociohistorical recommendations for the reclassification of pentecostalism in the Dewey Decimal Classification system (2019) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zum einen erläutert, wie die Pfingstbewegung in den neun gedruckten Ausgaben der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation, die diesen Begriff im Register aufführen, jeweils behandelt wird - beginnend mit der 15. Auflage von 1951 bis zur jüngsten, der 23. Auflage von 2011. Es werden Probleme mit der Charakterisierung der Pfingstbewegung herausgearbeitet - insbesondere, dass sie als ein Amerika-zentriertes und rassisch homogenes Phänomen dargestellt wird. Dies verhindert eine soziohistorisch akkurate Repräsentation der Pfingstbewegung als einer geografisch und rassisch vielfältigen religiösen Tradition innerhalb von Bibliotheksbeständen, die nach der weltweit am meisten verbreiteten Klassifikation organisiert sind. Zum anderen werden Empfehlungen zur Reklassifikation der Pfingstbewegung in der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation gegeben, die zu einer korrekteren soziohistorischen Repräsentation beitragen und dadurch auch den Zugang zur großen Bandbreite von Literatur über diese globale und diverse religiöse Tradition verbessern würden.
    Type
    a
  4. Koch, C.: Can a photodiode be conscious? (2013) 0.02 
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    Content
    Erwiderung auf die Rezension von John Searle zu: Koch, C.: Consciousness: confessions of a romantic reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press 2012 in:The New York Review of Books, 10.01.2013 [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/07/can-photodiode-be-conscious/?pagination=false&printpage=true]
    Issue
    Mit einer weiteren Erwiderung von J. Searle
    Type
    a
  5. DeSilva, J.M.; Traniello, J.F.A.; Claxton, A.G.; Fannin, L.D.: When and why did human brains decrease in size? : a new change-point analysis and insights from brain evolution in ants (2021) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Human brain size nearly quadrupled in the six million years since Homo last shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees, but human brains are thought to have decreased in volume since the end of the last Ice Age. The timing and reason for this decrease is enigmatic. Here we use change-point analysis to estimate the timing of changes in the rate of hominin brain evolution. We find that hominin brains experienced positive rate changes at 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago, coincident with the early evolution of Homo and technological innovations evident in the archeological record. But we also find that human brain size reduction was surprisingly recent, occurring in the last 3,000 years. Our dating does not support hypotheses concerning brain size reduction as a by-product of body size reduction, a result of a shift to an agricultural diet, or a consequence of self-domestication. We suggest our analysis supports the hypothesis that the recent decrease in brain size may instead result from the externalization of knowledge and advantages of group-level decision-making due in part to the advent of social systems of distributed cognition and the storage and sharing of information. Humans live in social groups in which multiple brains contribute to the emergence of collective intelligence. Although difficult to study in the deep history of Homo, the impacts of group size, social organization, collective intelligence and other potential selective forces on brain evolution can be elucidated using ants as models. The remarkable ecological diversity of ants and their species richness encompasses forms convergent in aspects of human sociality, including large group size, agrarian life histories, division of labor, and collective cognition. Ants provide a wide range of social systems to generate and test hypotheses concerning brain size enlargement or reduction and aid in interpreting patterns of brain evolution identified in humans. Although humans and ants represent very different routes in social and cognitive evolution, the insights ants offer can broadly inform us of the selective forces that influence brain size.
    Footnote
    Vgl. auch: Rötzer, F.: Warum schrumpft das Gehirn des Menschen seit ein paar Tausend Jahren? Unter: https://krass-und-konkret.de/wissenschaft-technik/warum-schrumpft-das-gehirn-des-menschen-seit-ein-paar-tausend-jahren/. "... seit einigen tausend Jahren - manche sagen seit 10.000 Jahren -, also nach dem Beginn der Landwirtschaft, der Sesshaftigkeit und der Stadtgründungen sowie der Erfindung der Schrift schrumpfte das menschliche Gehirn überraschenderweise wieder. ... Allgemein wird davon ausgegangen, dass mit den ersten Werkzeugen und vor allem beginnend mit der Erfindung der Schrift kognitive Funktionen, vor allem das Gedächtnis externalisiert wurden, allerdings um den Preis, neue Kapazitäten entwickeln zu müssen, beispielsweise Lesen und Schreiben. Gedächtnis beinhaltet individuelle Erfahrungen, aber auch kollektives Wissen, an dem alle Mitglieder einer Gemeinschaft mitwirken und in das das Wissen sowie die Erfahrungen der Vorfahren eingeschrieben sind. Im digitalen Zeitalter ist die Externalisierung und Entlastung der Gehirne noch sehr viel weitgehender, weil etwa mit KI nicht nur Wissensinhalte, sondern auch kognitive Fähigkeiten wie das Suchen, Sammeln, Analysieren und Auswerten von Informationen zur Entscheidungsfindung externalisiert werden, während die externalisierten Gehirne wie das Internet kollektiv in Echtzeit lernen und sich erweitern. Über Neuimplantate könnten schließlich Menschen direkt an die externalisierten Gehirne angeschlossen werden, aber auch direkt ihre kognitiven Kapazitäten erweitern, indem Prothesen, neue Sensoren oder Maschinen/Roboter auch in der Ferne in den ergänzten Körper der Gehirne aufgenommen werden.
    Die Wissenschaftler sehen diese Entwicklungen im Hintergrund, wollen aber über einen Vergleich mit der Hirnentwicklung bei Ameisen erklären, warum heutige Menschen kleinere Gehirne als ihre Vorfahren vor 100.000 Jahren entwickelt haben. Der Rückgang der Gehirngröße könnte, so die Hypothese, "aus der Externalisierung von Wissen und den Vorteilen der Entscheidungsfindung auf Gruppenebene resultieren, was zum Teil auf das Aufkommen sozialer Systeme der verteilten Kognition und der Speicherung und Weitergabe von Informationen zurückzuführen ist"."
    Source
    Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 22 October 2021 [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.742639/full]
    Type
    a
  6. Dunning, A.: Do we still need search engines? (1999) 0.02 
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    Source
    Ariadne. 1999, no.22
    Type
    a
  7. Auer, S.; Bizer, C.; Kobilarov, G.; Lehmann, J.; Cyganiak, R.; Ives, Z.: DBpedia: a nucleus for a Web of open data (2007) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    DBpedia is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web. DBpedia allows you to ask sophisticated queries against datasets derived from Wikipedia and to link other datasets on the Web to Wikipedia data. We describe the extraction of the DBpedia datasets, and how the resulting information is published on the Web for human- and machineconsumption. We describe some emerging applications from the DBpedia community and show how website authors can facilitate DBpedia content within their sites. Finally, we present the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other open datasets on the Web and outline how DBpedia could serve as a nucleus for an emerging Web of open data.
    Type
    a
  8. Van der Veer Martens, B.: Do citation systems represent theories of truth? (2001) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2006 15:22:28
    Type
    a
  9. Qin, J.; Paling, S.: Converting a controlled vocabulary into an ontology : the case of GEM (2001) 0.02 
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    Date
    24. 8.2005 19:20:22
    Type
    a
  10. Xu, G.; Cao, Y.; Ren, Y.; Li, X.; Feng, Z.: Network security situation awareness based on semantic ontology and user-defined rules for Internet of Things (2017) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Internet of Things (IoT) brings the third development wave of the global information industry which makes users, network and perception devices cooperate more closely. However, if IoT has security problems, it may cause a variety of damage and even threaten human lives and properties. To improve the abilities of monitoring, providing emergency response and predicting the development trend of IoT security, a new paradigm called network security situation awareness (NSSA) is proposed. However, it is limited by its ability to mine and evaluate security situation elements from multi-source heterogeneous network security information. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an IoT network security situation awareness model using situation reasoning method based on semantic ontology and user-defined rules. Ontology technology can provide a unified and formalized description to solve the problem of semantic heterogeneity in the IoT security domain. In this paper, four key sub-domains are proposed to reflect an IoT security situation: context, attack, vulnerability and network flow. Further, user-defined rules can compensate for the limited description ability of ontology, and hence can enhance the reasoning ability of our proposed ontology model. The examples in real IoT scenarios show that the ability of the network security situation awareness that adopts our situation reasoning method is more comprehensive and more powerful reasoning abilities than the traditional NSSA methods. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7999187/]
    Type
    a
  11. Guidi, F.; Sacerdoti Coen, C.: ¬A survey on retrieval of mathematical knowledge (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    We present a short survey of the literature on indexing and retrieval of mathematical knowledge, with pointers to 72 papers and tentative taxonomies of both retrieval problems and recurring techniques.
    Date
    22. 2.2017 12:51:57
    Type
    a
  12. Sojka, P.; Liska, M.: ¬The art of mathematics retrieval (2011) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The design and architecture of MIaS (Math Indexer and Searcher), a system for mathematics retrieval is presented, and design decisions are discussed. We argue for an approach based on Presentation MathML using a similarity of math subformulae. The system was implemented as a math-aware search engine based on the state-ofthe-art system Apache Lucene. Scalability issues were checked against more than 400,000 arXiv documents with 158 million mathematical formulae. Almost three billion MathML subformulae were indexed using a Solr-compatible Lucene.
    Content
    Vgl.: DocEng2011, September 19-22, 2011, Mountain View, California, USA Copyright 2011 ACM 978-1-4503-0863-2/11/09
    Date
    22. 2.2017 13:00:42
    Type
    a
  13. Patriarca, S.: Information literacy gives us the tools to check sources and to verify factual statements : What does Popper`s "Es gibt keine Autoritäten" mean? (2021) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    I wonder if you would consider an English perspective on the exchange between Bernd Jörs and Hermann Huemer. In my career in the independent education sector I can recall many discussions and Government reports about cross-curricular issues such as logical reasoning and critical thinking, In the IB system this led to the inclusion in the Diploma of "Theory of Knowledge." In the UK we had "key skills" and "critical thinking." One such key skill is what we now call "information literacy." "In his parody of Information literacy, Dr Jörs seems to have confused a necessary condition for a sufficient condition. The fact that information competence may be necessary for serious academic study does not of course make it sufficient. When that is understood the joke about the megalomaniac rather loses its force. (We had better pass over the rant which follows, the sneer at "earth sciences" and the German prejudice towards Austrians)."
    Content
    Zu: Bernd Jörs, Zukunft der Informationswissenschaft und Kritischer Rationalismus - Gegen die Selbstüberschätzung der Vertreter der "Informationskompetenz" eine Rückkehr zu Karl R. Popper geboten, in: Open Password, 30 August - Herbert Huemer, Informationskompetenz als Kompetenz für lebenslanges Lernen, in: Open Password, #965, 25. August 2021 - Huemer nahm auf den Beitrag von Bernd Jörs "Wie sich "Informationskompetenz" methodisch-operativ untersuchen lässt" in Open Password am 20. August 2021 Bezug.
    Type
    a
  14. Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
    Type
    a
  15. Bensman, S.J.: Eugene Garfield, Francis Narin, and PageRank : the theoretical bases of the Google search engine (2013) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper presents a test of the validity of using Google Scholar to evaluate the publications of researchers by comparing the premises on which its search engine, PageRank, is based, to those of Garfield's theory of citation indexing. It finds that the premises are identical and that PageRank and Garfield's theory of citation indexing validate each other.
    Date
    17.12.2013 11:02:22
    Type
    a
  16. Tay, A.: ¬The next generation discovery citation indexes : a review of the landscape in 2020 (2020) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Conclusion There is a reason why Google Scholar and Web of Science/Scopus are kings of the hills in their various arenas. They have strong brand recogniton, a head start in development and a mass of eyeballs and users that leads to an almost virtious cycle of improvement. Competing against such well established competitors is not easy even when one has deep pockets (Microsoft) or a killer idea (scite). It will be interesting to see how the landscape will look like in 2030. Stay tuned for part II where I review each particular index.
    Date
    17.11.2020 12:22:59
    Type
    a
  17. Heflin, J.; Hendler, J.: Semantic interoperability on the Web (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    XML will have a profound impact on the way data is exchanged on the Internet. An important feature of this language is the separation of content from presentation, which makes it easier to select and/or reformat the data. However, due to the likelihood of numerous industry and domain specific DTDs, those who wish to integrate information will still be faced with the problem of semantic interoperability. In this paper we discuss why this problem is not solved by XML, and then discuss why the Resource Description Framework is only a partial solution. We then present the SHOE language, which we feel has many of the features necessary to enable a semantic web, and describe an existing set of tools that make it easy to use the language.
    Date
    11. 5.2013 19:22:18
    Type
    a
  18. Priss, U.: Faceted knowledge representation (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Faceted Knowledge Representation provides a formalism for implementing knowledge systems. The basic notions of faceted knowledge representation are "unit", "relation", "facet" and "interpretation". Units are atomic elements and can be abstract elements or refer to external objects in an application. Relations are sequences or matrices of 0 and 1's (binary matrices). Facets are relational structures that combine units and relations. Each facet represents an aspect or viewpoint of a knowledge system. Interpretations are mappings that can be used to translate between different representations. This paper introduces the basic notions of faceted knowledge representation. The formalism is applied here to an abstract modeling of a faceted thesaurus as used in information retrieval.
    Date
    22. 1.2016 17:30:31
    Type
    a
  19. Priss, U.: Description logic and faceted knowledge representation (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The term "facet" was introduced into the field of library classification systems by Ranganathan in the 1930's [Ranganathan, 1962]. A facet is a viewpoint or aspect. In contrast to traditional classification systems, faceted systems are modular in that a domain is analyzed in terms of baseline facets which are then synthesized. In this paper, the term "facet" is used in a broader meaning. Facets can describe different aspects on the same level of abstraction or the same aspect on different levels of abstraction. The notion of facets is related to database views, multicontexts and conceptual scaling in formal concept analysis [Ganter and Wille, 1999], polymorphism in object-oriented design, aspect-oriented programming, views and contexts in description logic and semantic networks. This paper presents a definition of facets in terms of faceted knowledge representation that incorporates the traditional narrower notion of facets and potentially facilitates translation between different knowledge representation formalisms. A goal of this approach is a modular, machine-aided knowledge base design mechanism. A possible application is faceted thesaurus construction for information retrieval and data mining. Reasoning complexity depends on the size of the modules (facets). A more general analysis of complexity will be left for future research.
    Date
    22. 1.2016 17:30:31
    Type
    a
  20. Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee (EPC) held its Meeting 117 at the Library Dec. 3-5, 2001, with chair Andrea Stamm (Northwestern University) presiding. Through its actions at this meeting, significant progress was made toward publication of DDC unabridged Edition 22 in mid-2003 and Abridged Edition 14 in early 2004. For Edition 22, the committee approved the revisions to two major segments of the classification: Table 2 through 55 Iran (the first half of the geographic area table) and 900 History and geography. EPC approved updates to several parts of the classification it had already considered: 004-006 Data processing, Computer science; 340 Law; 370 Education; 510 Mathematics; 610 Medicine; Table 3 issues concerning treatment of scientific and technical themes, with folklore, arts, and printing ramifications at 398.2 - 398.3, 704.94, and 758; Table 5 and Table 6 Ethnic Groups and Languages (portions concerning American native peoples and languages); and tourism issues at 647.9 and 790. Reports on the results of testing the approved 200 Religion and 305-306 Social groups schedules were received, as was a progress report on revision work for the manual being done by Ross Trotter (British Library, retired). Revisions for Abridged Edition 14 that received committee approval included 010 Bibliography; 070 Journalism; 150 Psychology; 370 Education; 380 Commerce, communications, and transportation; 621 Applied physics; 624 Civil engineering; and 629.8 Automatic control engineering. At the meeting the committee received print versions of _DC&_ numbers 4 and 5. Primarily for the use of Dewey translators, these cumulations list changes, substantive and cosmetic, to DDC Edition 21 and Abridged Edition 13 for the period October 1999 - December 2001. EPC will hold its Meeting 118 at the Library May 15-17, 2002.
    Type
    a

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