-
Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978)
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- Abstract
- In this lecture I intend to challenge those who uphold a monist or even a dualist view of the universe; and I will propose, instead, a pluralist view. I will propose a view of the universe that recognizes at least three different but interacting sub-universes.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
-
Morse, P.M.: Browsing and search theory (1973)
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- Date
- 22. 5.2005 19:52:29
- Source
- Toward a theory of librarianship. Papers in honor of J.H. Shera. Ed. by H. Rawski
-
Bruner, J.: From communication to language (1975)
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- Abstract
- Bruner war der erste Erforscher des Spracherwerbs von Kindern, der Wittgensteins Problem zu würdigen wußte und eine Antwort darauf vorschlug. Wittgensteins allgemeinem Ansatz folgend, behauptete Bruner, daß das Kind den konventionellen Gebrauch eines sprachlichen Symbols dadurch erwirbt, daß es lernt, an einer Interaktionsform (Lebensform, Szene gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit) teilzunehmen, die es zunächst nichtsprachlich versteht, so daß die Sprache des Erwachsenen in geteilten Erfahrungen verankert werden kann, deren soziale Bedeutung es schon begreift. Eine Schlüsselkomponente dieses Prozesses ist zunächst ein Kind, das Erwachsene als intentionale Wesen auffassen kann, so daß es in bestimmten Kontexten seine Aufmerksamkeit mit ihnen teilen kann. Eine andere Komponente ist jedoch die bereits existierende, äußere soziale Welt, in der das Kind lebt. Um Sprache zu erwerben, muß das Kind in einer Welt leben, die strukturierte soziale Tätigkeiten aufweist, die es verstehen kann, so wie unser hypothetischer Besucher Ungarns das Kaufen von Fahrkarten und das Reisen mit Zügen verstand. Für Kinder bedeutet das häufig die Wiederkehr derselben routinemäßigen, allgemeinen Aktivität, so daß sie erkennen können, wie diese Aktivität aufgebaut ist und wie die verschiedenen sozialen Rollen in ihr funktionieren. Wenn wir am Spracherwerb interessiert sind, muß der Erwachsene außerdem ein neues sprachliches Symbol auf eine solche Weise verwenden, die das Kind als relevant für die gemeinsame Tätigkeit erkennen kann (nämlich im Gegensatz zur unvermittelten Ansprache des Ungarn auf dem Bahnhof). Wenn ein Kind in eine Welt geboren werden würde, in der dieselbe Art von Ereignis nie wiederkehrte, derselbe Gegenstand nie zweimal erschiene und Erwachsene nie dieselben Ausdrücke im selben Kontext verwendeten, dann würde im allgemeinen schwer zu sehen sein, wie dieses Kind eine natürliche Sprache erwerben könnte, welche kognitiven Fähigkeiten es auch immer haben möge. Eine Reihe von Untersuchungen hat gezeigt, daß Kinder nach ersten Fortschritten beim Spracherwerb neue Wörter am besten in Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit lernen. Oft handelt es sich dabei um solche, die in ihrer täglichen Erfahrung wiederkehren, wie Baden, Füttern, Windelwechseln, Vorlesen und Autofahren. Diese Tätigkeiten sind in vielen Hinsichten analog zu dem Szenario des Fahrkartenkaufs auf einem Bahnhof, insofern das Kind seine eigenen und die Ziele des Erwachsenen in der jeweiligen Situation versteht, was ihm ermöglicht, die Relevanz des Sprachverhaltens des Erwachsenen für diese Ziele zu erschließen. So stellten Tomasello und Todd fest, daß Kinder, die mit ihren Müttern längere Zeit bei Tätigkeiten gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit im Alter zwischen zwölf und achtzehn Monaten verbrachten, mit achtzehn Monaten ein größeres Vokabular hatten. Bei der Sprachverwendung Erwachsener innerhalb dieser Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit fanden Tomasello und Farrar sowohl korrelative als auch experimentelle Belege für die Hypothese, daß Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, der Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Kinder zu folgen (d. h. über einen Gegenstand zu sprechen, der schon im Brennpunkt des Interesses und der Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes stand), Kinder mit einem größeren Vokabular hatten als Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, die Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes auf etwas Neues zu lenken.
- Date
- 29. 5.2003 17:05:34
-
Rijsbergen, C.J. van: ¬A test for the separation of relevant and non-relevant documents in experimental retrieval collections (1973)
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- Date
- 19. 3.1996 11:22:12
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 29(1973) no.3, S.251-257
-
Guttenberg, A.Z.: Toward a conceptual framework for an international classification of land use planning information (1978)
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- Source
- Kooperation in der Klassifikation II. Proc. der Sekt.4-6 der 2. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Frankfurt-Höchst, 6.-7.4.1978
-
Dahlberg, I.: Major developments in classification (1977)
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- Source
- Advances in librarianship. 7(1977), S.41-103
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1978)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Salton, G.: Fast document classification in automatic information retrieval (1978)
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- Abstract
- A classified or clustered file is one where related or similar records are grouped into classes or clusters of items in such a way that all itmes within a cluster are jointly retrievable. Clustered files are easily adapted to to broad and narrow search strategies, and simple file updating methods are available. An inexpensive file clustering method applicable to large files is given together with appropriate file search methods
- Source
- Kooperation in der Klassifikation I. Proc. der Sekt.1-3 der 2. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Frankfurt-Hoechst, 6.-7.4.1978. Bearb.: W. Dahlberg
-
Downing, J.C.: Dewey today : the British and European scene (1976)
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- Pages
- S.22-29
-
Ryans, C.C.: ¬A study of errors found in non-marc cataloging in a machine-assisted system (1978)
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- Abstract
- Analyse von Katalogisierungsfehlern anhand von 700 Titelaufnahmen in der OCLC Datenbank
-
Tichenor, P.J.; Donohue, G.A.; Olien, C.N.: Massmedia flow and differential growth in knowledge (1970)
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- Footnote
- Artikel begründete die Forschung um die These von der sog. 'Wissenskluft'
-
Hutchins, W.J.: Linguistic processes in the indexing and retrieval of documents (1970)
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- Source
- Linguistics. 61(1970), S.29-64
-
Coates, E.J.: Some properties of relationships in the structure of indexing languages (1973)
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- Source
- Journal of documentation. 29(1973), S.390-404
-
Salton, G.; Yang, C.S.: On the specification of term values in automatic indexing (1973)
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- Source
- Journal of documentation. 29(1973), S.351-372
-
Foskett, D.J.: Classification and indexing in the social sciences (1970)
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- Source
- Aslib proceedings. 22(1970), S.90-101
-
Kaula, P.N.: Canons in analytico-synthetic classification (1979)
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- Source
- Klassifikation und Erkenntnis II. Proc. der Plenarvorträge und der Sektion 2 u. 3 "Wissensdarstellung und Wissensvermittlung" der 3. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Königstein/Ts., 5.-6.4.1979
-
Karlgren, H.: How to handle vagueness (1979)
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- Abstract
- What is interesting in natural language semantics is not so much the class of referents of a term at any particular point in time but rather the dynamics by which this set is changed. In particular, linguists today are intrigued by the interaction of speakers - the mechanism of dialogue. The interesting thing about classification is not that it yields a precise way of using terms derived from a natural language but that it is essentially a different thing than a natural language. The fact that artificially constructed classes may - and should - have names rather than code symbols as identifiers may confuse this issue
- Source
- Klassifikation und Erkenntnis II. Proc. der Plenarvorträge und der Sektion 2 u. 3 "Wissensdarstellung und Wissensvermittlung" der 3. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Königstein/Ts., 5.-6.4.1979
-
Svenonius, E.: Facets as semantic categories (1979)
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- Abstract
- The paper looks at the semantic and syntactic components of facet definition. In synthetic classificatory languages, primitive terms are categorized into facets; facet information, when, is used in stating the syntactic rules for combining primitive terms into the acceptable (well-formed) complex expressions in the language. In other words, the structure of a synthetic classificatory language can be defined in terms of the facets recognized in the language and the syntactic rules employed by the language. Thus, facets are the "grammatical categories" of classificatory languages and their definition is the first step in formulating structural descriptions of such languages. As well, the study of how facets are defined can give some insight into how language is used to embody information
- Source
- Klassifikation und Erkenntnis II. Proc. der Plenarvorträge und der Sektion 2 u. 3 "Wissensdarstellung und Wissensvermittlung" der 3. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Königstein/Ts., 5.-6.4.1979
-
Vasarhelyi, P.: Implications of the INTERCONCEPT project for classification and indexing (1979)
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- Abstract
- Few librarians and documentalists realise that the same term may have different meanings even within the same subject field in the context of different schools of thought, cultures, etc. By making explicit the concepts that authors are using - based on their explicit definitions, rather than just inferring meanings from the way they use key-words - it would become possible to determine which of the several concepts a term refers to is used in a given case. The INTERCONCEPT project, launched by UNESCO in 1977 is intended to demonstrate, among other that the solution to this problem could be facilitated by using a conceptual data bank, both in indexing and classification and also in information retrieval. It should be noted that this is only one of the aims of the INTERCONCEPT project, the final aim bing to promote international understandingby conceptual control and analysis in the field of social sciences
- Source
- Klassifikation und Erkenntnis II. Proc. der Plenarvorträge und der Sektion 2 u. 3 "Wissensdarstellung und Wissensvermittlung" der 3. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Königstein/Ts., 5.-6.4.1979
-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
