Search (809 results, page 1 of 41)

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Abstract

Proposes 2 theories to explain the development and structural organization of public opinion. They integrate dynamic social impact theory (DSIT), work on interattitudinal structure, and parallel constraint satisfaction processes in connectionist models of cognition. Sketches a dynamic theory of cognitive impact, and reviews DSIT. Presents an integrated cognitive social model of the processes through which public opinion develops and dynamically changes over time

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Abstract

The paper discusses the process of development of the Internet in Poland and formation of the community of Internet users. A short case study of the conflict between Internet users and providers shows the potential role of the Internet in mobilizing public opinion

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Abstract

Supports the current opinion and practice concerning extending bibliographic instruction (BI) in academic libraries to larger forms of electronic access. However, the BI model of offering isolated classes is inappropriate - it ignores the fact that information finding is best taught as part of the broader scholarly process and the reality that exposure to systems like the WWW is increasingly initiated in academic courses. Presents an argument for a team-teaching model of information finding instruction, stressing the needs of doctoral students

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Abstract

Discusses the nature of standards as tools to promote compatibility and improve practice, the role of research versus expert opinion in the creation of standards, the changing scope of standards for indexes in the face of the changing indexing environment, with the increasing use of automatic indexing, electronic displays, and electronic searching of non-displayed indexes. Describes the current draft of the NISO American Standard Guidelines for indexes in information retrieval (Z39.4) in terms of 3 fundamental requirements: syntax, vocabulary management and comprehensive planning and design. Concludes with comments about the nebulous concept of good and accurate indexing and whether and how standards can be used advantageously

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Abstract

This article discusses the nature of standards as tools to promote compatibiliy and improve practice, the role of research versus expert opinion in the creation of standards, the changing scope of standards for indexes in the face of the changing indexing environment, with the increasing use of automatic indexing, electronic displays, and electronic searching of non-displayed indexes. it describes the current draft of the NISO American Standards Guidelines for Indexes in Information Retrieval (Z39.4) in terms of three fundamental requirements: syntax, vocabulary management, and comprehensive planning and design. The article concludes with comments about the nebulous concept of good and accurate indexing and whether and how standards can be used advantageously

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Abstract

Discusses the role of the British Standards Institution (BSI) in formulating bibliographic standards. Outline how library stanbdards have developed and why librarians need to standardize. The democratic aspect of BSI's work has been adversely affected by its 1990 decision to move its IT related activities to a new body; Delivery Information Solutions to Customers through International Standars (Disc), which operates on the basis of standards being formulated only by those prepared to pay a separate subscription. Questions whether BSI is the most appropriate body to serve the interest of the library and information services community. Proposes an alternative standards umbrella that would be better informed and more representative on LIS matters, and canvasses opinion as th whether the UK Library Association could handle standards work on behalf of BSI

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Abstract

User persistence in displaying postings is a significant human factor in the design of computer driven information systems, including online catalogs. Expert opinion and a study of users of a first generation online catalogue have suggested that users normally display no more than 30 to 35 postings. A follow up study on a second generation system with a larger database found that a greater proportion of users reported overload, but 100 postings (rather than 15) were considered 'too many'. Partially persistent users typically displayed 28 postings, but overloaded uses did not outnumber totally persistent users until postings retrieved exceeded 200. The findings suggest that, given sufficient resources, designers should still consider 30 to 35 postings typical persistence, but also justify treating 100 or 200 postings as a common threshold of overload

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Abstract

Discusses the basic principles of copyright law with particular reference to electronic media or any materials that are transmitted electronically. Considers the European Community (EC) directives and proposals affecting electronic publishing. Discusses copyright problems relating to electronic works and the legal liability of facilitators. Comments on the opinion, held by some commentators, that the mass transposition of all manner of published works to electronic storage will create insuperable problems for intellectual property rights and that copyright law will collapse

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Abstract

The SALOMON project summarises Belgian criminal cases in order to improve access to the large number of existing and future cases. A double methodology was used when developing SALOMON: the cases are processed by employing additional knowledge to interpret structural patterns and features on the one hand and by way of occurrence statistics of index terms on the other. SALOMON performs an initial categorisation and structuring of the cases and subsequently extracts the most relevant text units of the alleged offences and of the opinion of the court. The SALOMON techniques do not themselves solve any legal questions, but they do guide the use effectively towards relevant texts

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Date

29.11.2004 13:03:22

Source

Online. 22(1998) no.6, S.99-102

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Abstract

Argues that the integration of computational psycholinguistics can improve corporate communication, and thus become a new strategic tool. An electronic dictionary was created of basic, neutral and negative connotations for nouns, verbs and adjectives appearing in press releases and other communication media, which can be updated with client specific words. The focus on negative messages has the objective of detecting who, why and how publics are criticized, to learn from the vocabulary of opinion leaders and to improve issues management proactively. Suggests a new form of analysis called 'computational linguistic context analysis' (CLCA) by analyzing nominal groups of negative words, rather than monitoring content analysis in the traditional way. Concludes that CLCA can be used to analyze large quantities of press cuttings about a company and could, theoretically, be used to analyze the structure, language and style of a particular journalist to whom it is planned to send a press release or article

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Source

Serials. 5(1992) no.3, S.17-22

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Date

5. 8.2001 12:22:47

Source

Information outlook. 3(1999) no.2, S.18-22

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Abstract

In order to compare the value of subject descriptors and title keywords as entries to subject searches, two studies were carried out. Both studies concentrated on monographs in the humanities and social sciences, held by the online public access catalogue of the National Library of the Netherlands. In the first study, a comparison was made by subject librarians between the subject descriptors and the title keywords of 475 records. They could express their opinion on a scale from 1 (descriptor is exactly or almost the same as word in title) to 7 (descriptor does not appear in title at all). It was concluded that 37 per cent of the records are considerably enhanced by a subject descriptor, and 49 per cent slightly or considerably enhanced. In the second study, subject librarians performed subject searches using title keywords and subject descriptors on the same topic. The relative recall amounted to 48 per cent and 86 per cent respectively. Failure analysis revealed the reasons why so many records that were found by subject descriptors were not found by title keywords. First, although completely meaningless titles hardly ever appear, the title of a publication does not always offer sufficient clues for title keyword searching. In those cases, descriptors may enhance the record of a publication. A second and even more important task of subject descriptors is controlling the vocabulary. Many relevant titles cannot be retrieved by title keyword searching because of the wide diversity of ways of expressing a topic. Descriptors take away the burden of vocabulary control from the user.

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Abstract

Ia McIlwaine discussed the importance of addressing the issue of lack of user-friendly access to systems for users located in many parts of the world. The diversity of the European classification systems is a case in point. A good example of how to handle this diversity, in her opinion, is the system at the Federal Technical University in Zurich. It has an especially user-friendly French and German interface which, along with UDC numbers, provides captions helpful for the average user. Having examined the problems associated with transnational copy cataloging she emphasized the consideration of cultural constructs in transnational cataloging. For example, the Islamic countries tend to adapt translations quite well in their classification schemes due to the fact that they possess greater literary warrant in Islam. China appears to have solved difficulties concerning transnational copy cataloging by incorporating Chinese materials into specialized classification schemes while utilizing MARC records in the national library for cataloging Western materials. Philip Bryant called for the balance of "utopian vision" with practicality. He stressed that existing bibliographic notations must be pushed to the limit in an attempt to function with the network He applauded the continuous work of Stephen Walker, Stephen Robertson and Jill Venner for developing an online catalog (OKAPI) which allows the average user to obtain help existing in the database by using the classification system already established in the data. He emphasized the significance of the BUBL project at the University of Strathclyde, where UDC subject divisions are employed as a means of dividing subjects into fairly large groupings.

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Date

29.11.1999 12:18:22

Source

International Herald Tribune. 15. Nov. 1999, S.22

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Source

OCLC systems and services. 9(1993) no.3, S.20-22

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Date

5. 8.2006 10:22:00

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Date

5. 8.2006 10:22:14