Search (152 results, page 1 of 8)

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Abstract

Ask a person on the street whether new technologies bring about important social change and you are likely to hear a resounding "yes." But the answer is less definitive amongst academics who study technology and social practice. Scholarly writing has been heavily influenced by the ideology of technological determinism - the belief that some types or technologically driven social changes are inevitable and cannot be stopped. Rather than argue for or against notions of determinism, the authors in this book ask how the materiality (the arrangement of physical, digital, or rhetorical materials into particular forms that endure across differences in place and time) of technologies, ranging from computer-simulation tools and social media, to ranking devices and rumors, is actually implicated in the process of formal and informal organizing. The book builds a new theoretical framework to consider the important socio-technical changes confronting people's everyday experiences in and outside of work. Leading scholars in the field contribute original chapters examining the complex interactions between technology and the social, between artifact and humans. The discussion spans multiple disciplines, including management, information systems, informatics, communication, sociology, and the history of technology, and opens up a new area of research regarding the relationship between materiality and organizing.

Content

Materiality and Organizing marks a long overdue turning point in the scholarly study of the human-technology relationship that now engulfs our lives. For too long, researchers have tended to treat technology as a dream conjured by agents and imbued with their projects. This brilliant sequence of essays restores and deepens the entire field of perception. It finally returns us to the facticity of technology as it persistently redefines the horizon of the possible. These tightly argued masterpieces reestablish technology as embodied and significant. Most importantly, they return us to materiality just in time. With each passing day, technology becomes both more abstracted from its physical manifestations and more ubiquitous, producing a dematerialized materiality. Only a relentless focus on this paradox will yield the intellectual tools that are required to participate in our own destinies. Shoshana Zuboff, Charles Edward Wilson Professor, Harvard Business School This volume is a much-needed exploration of the material aspects of the technologies that have reshaped our world. For two decades, a narrative framing technologies as social constructions has led to important advances in our understanding of their nature and impacts. Materiality and Organizing provides an important counterbalance to this approach in its exploration of the dimensions of materiality that constrain but also enable technologies to connect with and affect people, organizations, and society. This volume is required reading for scholars interested in technology, its development, and its impacts. Its insights into information technology are particularly significant. Professor Marshall Scott Poole, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign For too long the materiality of social life has been ignored by sociologists and organization studies scholars. The role of materiality in social life is turning out to be one of the most interesting and difficult issues in the field. This multidisciplinary collection does not offer a single solution but offers the latest thoughts of scholars who try and take materiality seriously in their own research. The resulting volume is a deep and fascinating collection of essays. (Professor Trevor Pinch, Cornell University)

LCSH

Computers / Social aspects
Technological innovations / Social aspects
Digital communications / Social aspects

Subject

Computers / Social aspects
Technological innovations / Social aspects
Digital communications / Social aspects

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

DDC

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.150-151 (L. Westbrook): "The purpose of this volume is to bring together various analyses by international scholars of the social and cultural impact of information technology on individuals and societies (preface, n.p.). It grew from the First International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2004. The editors and contributors have addressed an impressive array of significant issues with rigorous research and insightful analysis although the resulting volume does suffer from the usual unevenness in depth and content that affects books based on conference proceedings. Although the $256 price is prohibitive for many individual scholars, the effort to obtain a library edition for perusal regarding particular areas of interest is likely to prove worthwhile. Unlike many international conferences that are able to attract scholars from only a handful of nations, this genuinely diverse conference included research conducted in Australia, Beijing, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, England, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. The expense of a conference format and governmental travel restrictions may have precluded greater inclusion of the work being done to develop information technology for use in nonindustrialized nations in support of economic, social justice, and political movements. Although the cultural variants among these nations preclude direct cross-cultural comparisons, many papers carefully provide sufficient background information to make basic conceptual transfers possible. A great strength of the work is the unusual combination of academic disciplines that contributes substantially to the depth of many individual papers, particularly when they are read within the larger context of the entire volume. Although complete professional affiliations are not universally available, the authors who did name their affiliation come from widely divergent disciplines including accounting, business administration, architecture, business computing, communication, computing, economics, educational technology, environmental management, experimental psychology, gender research in computer science, geography, human work sciences, humanistic informatics, industrial engineering, information management, informatics in transport and telecommunications, information science, information technology, management, mathematics, organizational behavior, pedagogy, psychology, telemedicine, and women's education. This is all to the good, but the lack of representation from departments of women's studies, gender studies, and library studies certainly limits the breadth and depth of the perspectives provided.
The editorial and peer review processes appear to be slightly spotty in application. All of the 55 papers are in English but a few of them are in such need of basic editing that they are almost incomprehensible in sections. Consider, for example, the following: "So, the meaning of region where we are studying on, should be discovered and then affect on the final plan" (p. 346). The collection shows a strong array of methodological approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; however, a few of the research efforts exhibit fundamental design flaws. Consider, for example, the study that "set[s] out to show that nurses as care-givers find it difficult to transfer any previously acquired technological skills into their work based on technology needs (p. 187). After studying 39 female and 6 male nurses, this study finds, not surprisingly, exactly what it "set out" to find. Rather than noting the limitations of sample size and data gathering techniques, the paper firmly concludes that nurses can be technologists "only in areas of technology that support their primary role as carers" (p. 188). Finally, some of the papers do not report on original research but are competent, if brief, summaries of theories or concepts that are covered in equal depth elsewhere. For example, a three-page summary of "the major personality and learning theories" (p. 3) is useful but lacks the intellectual depth or insight needed to contribute substantially to the field. These problems with composition, methodological rigor, and theoretical depth are not uncommon in papers designed for a broadly defined conference theme. The authors may have been writing for an in-person audience and anticipating thoughtful postpresentation discussions; they probably had no idea of the heavy price tag put on their work. The editors, however, might have kept that $256 in mind and exercised a heavier editorial hand. Perhaps the publisher could have paid for a careful subject indexing of the work as a substantive addition to the author index provided. The complexity of the subject domains included in the volume certainly merits careful indexing.
The volume is organized into 13 sections, each of which contains between two and eight conference papers. As with most conferences, the papers do not cover the issues in each section with equal weight or depth but the editors have grouped papers into reasonable patterns. Section 1 covers "understanding online behavior" with eight papers on problems such as e-learning attitudes, the neuropsychology of HCI, Japanese blogger motivation, and the dividing line between computer addiction and high engagement. Sections 2 (personality and computer attitudes), 3 (cyber interactions), and 4 (new interaction methods) each contain only two papers on topics such as helmet-mounted displays, online energy audits, and the use of ICT in family life. Sections 6, 7, and 8 focus on gender issues with papers on career development, the computer literacy of Malaysian women, mentoring, gaming, and faculty job satisfaction. Sections 9 and 10 move to a broader examination of cyber society and its diversity concerns with papers on cultural identity, virtual architecture, economic growth's impact on culture, and Iranian development impediments. Section 11's two articles on advertising might well have been merged with those of section 13's ebusiness. Section 12 addressed education with papers on topics such as computer-assisted homework, assessment, and Web-based learning. It would have been useful to introduce each section with a brief definition of the theme, summaries of the major contributions of the authors, and analyses of the gaps that might be addressed in future conferences. Despite the aforementioned concerns, this volume does provide a uniquely rich array of technological analyses embedded in social context. An examination of recent works in related areas finds nothing that is this complex culturally or that has such diversity of disciplines. Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Klinenberg, 2005), Perspectives and Policies on ICT in Society (Berleur & Avgerou, 2005), and Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Information Technology (Brennan & Johnson, 2004) address various aspects of the society/Internet intersection but this volume is unique in its coverage of psychology, gender, and culture issues in cyberspace. The lip service often given to global concerns and the value of interdisciplinary analysis of intransigent social problems seldom develop into a genuine willingness to listen to unfamiliar research paradigms. Academic silos and cultural islands need conferences like this one-willing to take on the risk of examining the large questions in an intellectually open space. Editorial and methodological concerns notwithstanding, this volume merits review and, where appropriate, careful consideration across disciplines."

LCSH

Information technology / Psychological aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Social aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Economic aspects / Congresses
Internet / Social aspects / Congresses

Subject

Information technology / Psychological aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Social aspects / Congresses
Information technology / Economic aspects / Congresses
Internet / Social aspects / Congresses

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LCSH

Internet (Computer network) / Social aspects

Subject

Internet (Computer network) / Social aspects

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DDC

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Footnote

Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.

LCSH

Communication / Moral and ethical aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Communication / Moral and ethical aspects
Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

As discussions about the roles played by information in economic, political, and social arenas continue to evolve, the need for an intellectual primer on information ethics that also functions as a solid working casebook for LIS students and professionals has never been more urgent. This text, written by a stellar group of ethics scholars and contributors from around the globe, expertly fills that need. Organized into twelve chapters, making it ideal for use by instructors, this volume from editors Burgess and Knox thoroughly covers principles and concepts in information ethics, as well as the history of ethics in the information professions; examines human rights, information access, privacy, discourse, intellectual property, censorship, data and cybersecurity ethics, intercultural Information ethics, and global digital citizenship and responsibility; synthesizes the philosophical underpinnings of these key subjects with abundant primary source material to provide historical context along with timely and relevant case studies; features contributions from John M. Budd, Paul T. Jaeger, Rachel Fischer, Margaret Zimmerman, Kathrine A. Henderson, Peter Darch, Michael Zimmer, and Masooda Bashir, among others; and offers a special concluding chapter by Amelia Gibson that explores emerging issues in information ethics, including discussions ranging from the ethics of social media and social movements to AI decision making. This important survey will be a key text for LIS students and an essential reference work for practitioners.

LCSH

Information technology / Moral and ethical aspects
Information science / Moral and ethical aspects

Subject

Information technology / Moral and ethical aspects
Information science / Moral and ethical aspects

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Abstract

Held for the first time in the United States, the Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4) is the fourth in the series of international conferences that bring together leading researchers from around the world. CoLIS4 provides a forum for critically exploring and analyzing library and information science as a discipline and as a field of research from historical, philosophical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives. The papers in this volume cover a wide variety of topics, presenting the latest research and information on new developments and new approaches to conceptual frameworks and methods in library and information science. Papers range from a re-examination of the core concepts to empirical studies, analyzing such areas as Web searching, information retrieval, informetrics, information behavior, aspects of learning, business intelligence, and information processing mechanisms. As library and information science is closely associated with a variety of other disciplines and its practice employs technologies that are changing rapidly, presenters focus on the old and the new, address theory and practice, and bridge diverse intellectual areas. From challenging existing approaches and proposing new ones to establishing models and reviewing methods-the presenters lead the way to change and further exploration.

Content

The Fourth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), held at the The Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, continued the tradition of the previous three CoLIS conferences, begun in 1991 at the University of Tampere, Finland. CoLIS4 was organized by Washington in cooperation with the Department of Information Studies, Tampere, the Royal School of Library and Information Science in Denmark, and the American Society for Information Science and Technology. As in the previous conferences, CoLIS4 invited papers presenting new research topics and approaches in library and information science (LIS) and, at the same time, encouraged contributors and attendees to step back from the practice and dissemination of their research to assess the current state of LIS as a discipline, from historical, theoretical, philosophical, and empirical perspectives. Held for the first time in North America-significantly at the home of a revitalized and actively expanding LIS program in a technology-rich region-CoLIS4 attracted 120 attendees from 16 countries. Presenters and attendees were mostly LIS researchers from academic institutions and research institutes, as well as a number from the information and technology industries. Three full days included a keynote address, 17 papers by an international slate of presenters, two panel discussions, and a poster session during an evening reception. The conference was preceded and followed by two days of tutorials and workshops, as well as a doctoral presentation forum. Breakfasts, lunches, coffee breaks, and a banquet at Microsoft Corporation headquarters were provided to give participants ample time to mix informally.
To encourage a spirit of deeper reflection, the organizing committee invited 20-minute paper presentations, each followed by 10 minutes of discussion. (There were no separate, concurrent tracks.) This approach encouraged direct follow-up questions and discussion which carried forward from session to session, providing a satisfying sense of continuity to the overall conference theme of exploring the interaction between conceptual and empirical approaches to LIS. The expressed goals of CoLIS4 were to: - explore the existing and emerging conceptual frameworks and methods of library and information science as a field, - encourage discourse about the character and definitions of key concepts in LIS, and - examine the position of LIS among parallel contemporary domains and professions likewise concerned with information and information technology, such as computer science, management information systems, and new media and communication studies. The keynote address by Tom Wilson (University of Sheffield) provided an historical perspective on the philosophical and research frameworks of LIS in the post-World War II period. He traced the changing emphases on the objects of LIS study: definitions of information and documents; information retrieval, relevance, systems, and architectures; information users and behaviors. He raised issues of the relevance of LIS research to real-world information services and practice, and the gradual shift in research approaches from quantitative to qualitative. He concluded by stressing the ongoing need of LIS for cumulative, theory-based, and content-rich bodies of research, meaningful to practitioners and useful to contemporary LIS education.
Themes and questions threaded throughout the conference papers and panels addressed the uniqueness of LIS as a contemporary "intersection of information, technology, people, and society" (CoLIS Proceedings Preface). Papers by Birger Hjørland and by Sanna Talja, Kimmo Tuominen, and Reijo Savolainen directly addressed the essential nature and metatheory of LIS as a field of inquiry by reviewing its theoretical models and epistemological perspectives, such as the information transfer model and socio-cognitive theory. The cognitive grounding of much LIS research was present in Pertti Vakkari's and Mikko Pennanen's study linking university students' concept formation with their search processes and task performances while preparing research proposals, as well as in Peter Ingwersen's analysis of the cognitive conception of document polyrepresentation (multiple ways of representing documents) applied to information retrieval. A number of papers presented empirically and theoretically derived taxonomies of the fundamental characteristics of information bearers (documents and systems) and information behaviors (both individual and collaborative). These mark a contemporary effort to enumerate and classify the elements that LIS researchers should be examining and with which they should be building systems and generating theory. Nicholas Belkin and Colleen Cool reported on field research with which they are constructing a taxonomy of interactions in information seeking and communication behavior, to be used to inform information system building. Rong Tang presented her taxonomic study of Web searching query patterns and argued for the need to link these to user cognitive operations and search tasks. Linda Cooper explored school children's categorizations and knowledge of information organization in libraries by having them arrange books and topics visually and spatially on "virtual" bookshelves. Kartriina Byström and Preben Hansen proposed a nested typology of the concepts of work tasks, information seeking tasks, and information retrieval tasks as units of analysis for LIS research. Work task and domain analysis figured importantly in several papers, reflecting a increasing application of information context research approaches. In addition to Byström and Hansen's theoretical study of the concepts of tasks in general, the work reported by researchers at Risø National Laboratory, Denmark (Annelise Mark Pejtersen, Bryan Cleal, Morten Hertzum, Hanne Albrechtsen) demonstrated the application of the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework used to inform the design of a virtual "collaboratory" used by three European film archives. Birger Hjørland asserted that domain analysis, including the study of the interests, goals, values, and consequences of information use and users in specific subject and work domains, is central to the practice of LIS.
Another panel discussion, "The Dark Side of Information Technology," chaired by Victor Rosenberg, focused on the role of LIS in studying and ameliorating the contemporary social impact of technology and of information itself. Panelists Rosenberg, Paul Edwards, and David Levy asked what the social and psychological impact of information and its technologies means for how LIS studies people and collections as parts of information "systems." They suggested that LIS as a discipline is the logical forum for discussing the negative effects of technology and the less healthy aspects of information-its increasing ubiquity and volume, speedy proliferation, and invasive potential-as well as their demonstrated positive potential for applications in education and community-building. Several audience contributors, however, questioned the reality and "hype" of information overload and threats to human psychology and social values, and also reminded the attendees that new technologies and information encourage self-sufficiency and independence in developing countries. (Indeed, the global impact of information science and technologies was a theme of several conference papers, for example, in the studies of Erica Cosijn, Ari Pirkola, Theo Bothma, and Kalervo Järvelin of cross-lingual information access in indigenous languages and in Irene Wormell's study of the global dissemination of national and regional LIS journals by means of informetric analysis and the quantitative study of information flows.) With re-examination of such a broad range of interests, principles, methodologies, and applications of LIS currently taking place, CoLIS4 was in itself a demonstration of a spontaneous, collaborative "domain analysis." The CoLIS4 goal of providing a forum for just this sort of discussion was well realized.

Date

22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:12:10

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1130-1132 (S.R. Tompson): "The editors of This text in MIT Press' Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing series deliberately view digital libraries (DLs) as "sociotechnical systems" - "networks of technology. information. documents, people and practices''. They allow an additional definition of "sociotechnical" as "an analytical stance that privileges neither the social nor the technological and in which neither is reducible to the other". This is an important definition, as it is the foundation of the contributors' sociological approach to digital libraries, an approach not typical of the DL literature which still focuses "largely on the technology itself". Bishop et al. have two stated goals for this volume: 1. "... to inform police and professional practice in DLs with socially grounded understanding of DLs as part of a web of social relations and practices. 2. "... to perform technically informed social analysis of phenomena of interest to social scientists that are highlighted by digital libraries. specifically issues of work, groups, and knowledge"."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.5, S.723-724 (P. Galloway): "This collection consists of 14 chapters that bring together the two universes of discourse named in the title. Social Capital and Information Technology, under the editorship of a sociologist (Marleen Huysman) and a computer scientist (Volker Wulf) who had both begun to see the importance of social ties to the success of knowledge management/ knowledge sharing systems when they met and shared their interests. Its aim is chiefly to introduce the concept of social capital to information scientists and to demonstrate through a series of case studies how it can serve to explain the success or failure of information and communication technology systems, and even to assist in the building or improvement of such systems. Case studies range across many fields: KarEllen Bear Dog breeders' databases, multiple-sport athletes' newsgroups. a network supporting Iranian NGOs, B2B software for geographical business clusters, and after-.school computer labs for children. Of the papers gathered here most were presented at an Amsterdam workshop in 2002 focused on knowledge management and social capital, whereas a few others, concentrating more directly on societal issues, were invited by the editors to leaven the mix. The result is a readable collection that marks a promising hybrid direction in information research, still characterized by what the Editors term an "absolute lack of closure." The influence of knowledge management and informal learning threads is dominant, because the unit of analysis in all the studies is a definable user community. Examples all assume networked environ-ments and computer-mediated communication. though they do not always prove that such technologies are the best way to solve problems. The network, however, is the bridging metaphor between the social and the technological.
The book is divided into three sections reflecting three main streams of research. After a cogent general review of the literature by the editors, the first section. "Social Capital in Civic Engagement.. shows how information technologies can alter existing social contexts, sometimes reinforcing existing ties, sometimes discouraging others. In this section the standout essay by Anita Blanched examines a newsgroup for multiple-sport athletes and shows that much of the continuing effectiveness of their technology-mediated communication stems from face-to-face contacts. established by some of the members, whose effects enter recursively into the ongoing online community dialogue. The second section, "Social Capital in Knowledge Sharing," is strong on the knowledge management problem of knowledge sharing: how to get people together who need to exchange knowledge hut have no prior awareness of each other. Bart van den Hooff. Jan de Ridder. and Eline Aukema in "Exploring the Eagerness to Share Knowledge." offer the interesting finding that knowledge sharing may depend more significantly on the eagerness of some members of a network to share than on the more passive willingness to share. More abstractly but quite fundamentally for the hook. Huysman offers an essay making the case for social capital analysis as a prerequisite for system design. effectively articulating the often compartmentalized information technology. management. and individual learning issues in the knowledge sharing problem. The final section, "Applications of IT." focuses on established applications, most involved with informal learning. ... Nevertheless. there is much in the volume of interest to information systems designers and students of information science. The general emphasis on the social context of information systems as a major element in their effectiveness, although not stunningly new, is nevertheless usefully operationalized through the concept of social capital, and the wealth of examples and compendium of references brought together in this hook make it a useful tool for gaining access to the approach and the relevant literature."

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Abstract

Libraries have always been an inspiration for the standards and technologies developed by semantic web activities. However, except for the Dublin Core specification, semantic web and social networking technologies have not been widely adopted and further developed by major digital library initiatives and projects. Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories. Kruk and McDaniel present semantic web-related aspects of current digital library activities, and introduce their functionality; they show examples ranging from general architectural descriptions to detailed usages of specific ontologies, and thus stimulate the awareness of researchers, engineers, and potential users of those technologies. Their presentation is completed by chapters on existing prototype systems such as JeromeDL, BRICKS, and Greenstone, as well as a look into the possible future of semantic digital libraries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in areas like digital libraries, the semantic web, social networks, and information retrieval. This audience will benefit from detailed descriptions of both today's possibilities and also the shortcomings of applying semantic web technologies to large digital repositories of often unstructured data.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web: Introduction / Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization / Dagobert Soergel - Semantic Web and Ontologies / Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Social Semantic Information Spaces / John G. Breslin A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries: Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel - Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki and Ewelina Kruk - Long-time Preservation / Markus Reis Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries: Bibliographic Ontology / Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Community-aware Ontologies / Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk and Bill McDaniel Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL: The Social Semantic Digital Library / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki and Maciej Dabrowski - The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure / Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knezevié - Semantics in Greenstone / Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge and Ian Witten Building the Future - Semantic Digital Libraries in Use: Hyperbooks / Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima and Jean-Claude Ziswiler - Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving / Bill McDaniel - Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk and Katarzyna Stankiewicz - Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel

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Abstract

Are we at a turning point in digital information? The expansion of the internet was unprecedented; search engines dealt with it in the only way possible - scan as much as they could and throw it all into an inverted index. But now search engines are beginning to experiment with deep web searching and attention to taxonomies, and the semantic web is demonstrating how much more can be done with a computer if you give it knowledge. What does this mean for the skills and focus of the information science (or sciences) community? Should information designers and information managers work more closely to create computer based information systems for more effective retrieval? Will information science become part of computer science and does the rise of the term informatics demonstrate the convergence of information science and information technology - a convergence that must surely develop in the years to come? Issues and questions such as these are reflected in this monograph, a collection of essays written by some of the most pre-eminent contributors to the discipline. These peer reviewed perspectives capture insights into advances in, and facets of, information science, a profession in transition. With an introduction from Jack Meadows the key papers are: Meeting the challenge, by Brian Vickery; The developing foundations of information science, by David Bawden; The last 50 years of knowledge organization, by Stella G Dextre Clarke; On the history of evaluation in IR, by Stephen Robertson; The information user, by Tom Wilson A; The sociological turn in information science, by Blaise Cronin; From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics, by Peter Willett; Health informatics, by Peter A Bath; Social informatics and sociotechnical research, by Elisabeth Davenport; The evolution of visual information retrieval, by Peter Enser; Information policies, by Elizabeth Orna; Disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling, by Barry Mahon; Electronic scholarly publishing and open access, by Charles Oppenheim; Social software: fun and games, or business tools? by Wendy A Warr; and, Bibliometrics to webometrics, by Mike Thelwall. This monograph previously appeared as a special issue of the "Journal of Information Science", published by Sage. Reproduced here as a monograph, this important collection of perspectives on a skill set in transition from a prestigious line-up of authors will now be available to information studies students worldwide and to all those working in the information science field.

Content

Inhalt: Fifty years of UK research in information science - Jack Meadows / Smoother pebbles and the shoulders of giants: the developing foundations of information science - David Bawden / The last 50 years of knowledge organization: a journey through my personal archives - Stella G. Dextre Clarke / On the history of evaluation in IR - Stephen Robertson / The information user: past, present and future - Tom Wilson / The sociological turn in information science - Blaise Cronin / From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics: 50 years of chemical information science - Peter Willett / Health informatics: current issues and challenges - Peter A. Bath / Social informatics and sociotechnical research - a view from the UK - Elisabeth Davenport / The evolution of visual information retrieval - Peter Enser / Information policies: yesterday, today, tomorrow - Elizabeth Orna / The disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling: a European perspective - Barry Mahon / Electronic scholarly publishing and Open Access - Charles Oppenheim / Social software: fun and games, or business tools ? - Wendy A. Warr / Bibliometrics to webometrics - Mike Thelwall / How I learned to love the Brits - Eugene Garfield

Date

22. 2.2013 11:35:35

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Abstract

Text mining applications have experienced tremendous advances because of web 2.0 and social networking applications. Recent advances in hardware and software technology have lead to a number of unique scenarios where text mining algorithms are learned. Mining Text Data introduces an important niche in the text analytics field, and is an edited volume contributed by leading international researchers and practitioners focused on social networks & data mining. This book contains a wide swath in topics across social networks & data mining. Each chapter contains a comprehensive survey including the key research content on the topic, and the future directions of research in the field. There is a special focus on Text Embedded with Heterogeneous and Multimedia Data which makes the mining process much more challenging. A number of methods have been designed such as transfer learning and cross-lingual mining for such cases. Mining Text Data simplifies the content, so that advanced-level students, practitioners and researchers in computer science can benefit from this book. Academic and corporate libraries, as well as ACM, IEEE, and Management Science focused on information security, electronic commerce, databases, data mining, machine learning, and statistics are the primary buyers for this reference book.

Content

Inhalt: An Introduction to Text Mining.- Information Extraction from Text.- A Survey of Text Summarization Techniques.- A Survey of Text Clustering Algorithms.- Dimensionality Reduction and Topic Modeling.- A Survey of Text Classification Algorithms.- Transfer Learning for Text Mining.- Probabilistic Models for Text Mining.- Mining Text Streams.- Translingual Mining from Text Data.- Text Mining in Multimedia.- Text Analytics in Social Media.- A Survey of Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis.- Biomedical Text Mining: A Survey of Recent Progress.- Index.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.8, S.889-890 (J. Warner): "This work is a collection of papers, reflective and theoretical, rather than primarily empirical, from scholars in information systems and economies, with discursive rather than formal modes of argument and presentation. The discipline of information systems (IS) is understood to have developed as codified knowledge about appropriate procedures for the development of customized information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The editors recognize that, with the displacement of customized applications by purchased packages, IS lost its main utility as a prescription for professional practice in the 1990s. The need for the scholarly community to establish its continuing value and to survive might be orte motivation for the increasing resort to theory. A difference in perspective between IS and economies is acknowledged: economiet take an outside-in approach to the results of innovation while IS focuses an the process of innovation. Recognition does not extend to synthesis, and a dynamic by which the process of Innovation both generates and is compelled by the resulting sociotechnical environment is not isolated. The literature of information science is not cited-other writers have noted the analogies between the subjects and disjunctions between the disciplines of IS and information science (Ellis, Allen, & Wilson, 1999)-but interdisciplinary dialogue is advocated. For information science readers, the interest of the work lies in the analogies between topics treated and the emerging theoretical reflection an them. Theory seems to have emerged primarily as a response to empirical difficulties, particularly contradictions between expectations and reality, and can reproduce the divides which motivated it. Empirical generalizations are not distinguished from the motivating forces which created the phenomena covered by those generalizations. For instance, the social constructivist perspective which argues that impact of technology is a matter of interpretation by human actors according to their social conditions, and which acknowledges the interpretive flexibility of a technology in use, is introduced, but technology is not fully recognized as a radical human construction, "organs of the human brain, created by the human hand" (Marx, 1973, p. 706; Warner, 2004), and the notion of impact is retained. The productivity paradox, understood as the weak correlation between investment in ICT and commercial success, forms a recurrent concern. A simple response might that the commercial value of a technology lies in the way it is used. More sophisticatedly the paradox could be regarded as an artifact of the apparent rigor and closeness, particularly temporal closeness, of studies and could be reinterpreted as a productivity effect, corresponding to a transition cost. The conclusion does not recall the distinction between invention, innovation, and diffusion, promised in the preface, and invention tends to be treated as if it were exogenous. The most interesting insights emerge from accounts of cited papers, particularly Ciborra's view of technology as being assimilated to the social by the device of hospitality and Orlikowski's reflections an technology.
Could a dynamic be constructed, in dialectical response to the theorizing presented, which draws an classic sources in political economy and which links micro-processes and macro-results? For Marx, the "basic logie of the capitalist mode of production ... [was] expansion, growth, enlarged reproduction, through a substitution of living by dead labour" (Marx, 1981, p. 13). With ICTs, we are dealing primarily with semiotic rather than physical labor, but a similar substitution of machine for direct human labor can be detected. The individual actors engaged in innovation encounter considerable risks, but collectively produce advances in social productivity: The much greater costs that are always involved in an enterprise based an new inventions, compared with later establishments that rise up an its ruins, ex suis ossibus. The extent of this is so great that the pioneering entrepreneurs generally go bankrupt, and it is only their successors who flourish.. . . Thus it is generally only the most worthless and wretched kind of money-capitalists that draw the greatest profit from all new developments of the universal labour of the human spirit and their social application by combined labour. (Marx, 1981, p. 199). Acknowledging the risks of innovation reveals the resistance of small entities to innovation as more rational for their survival than the scholarly prescriptions of the value of innovation for competitive advantage. The comparative advantage derivable from innovation can itself be understood from the relation of machinery to the direct human labor it supplants: As machinery comes into general use in a particular branch of production, the social value of the machinery product sinks down to its individual value, and the following law asserts itself: surplus-value does not arise from the labour-power that has been replaced by the machinery, but from the labour-power actually employed in working with the machinery. (Marx, 1976, p. 530) The more sophisticated theoretical and historical framework can both explain and dissolve the productivity paradox. The risks of Innovation limit rewards to pioneers, but, over time, their activities raise the productivity of labor: Consider, for instance, the contrast between the amount of direct human labor and the costs of that labor involved in Che copying of documents by hand, with a subsequent oral collation, in a mid-19th century legal practice (Melville, 1997) with modern technologies for copying files. In conclusion, the interest of the collection to information science lies in the further revelation of analogous concerns in another discipline, in the internal realization of the theoretical poverty of that discipline, and even, at points, that the control over processes of innovation offered by standard approaches was illusory, and in the emergence, not yet in fully articulated form, of a more sophisticated perspective."

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, MTSR 2016, held in Göttingen, Germany, in November 2016. The 26 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: Digital Libraries, Information Retrieval, Linked and Social Data, Metadata and Semantics for Open Repositories, Research Information Systems and Data Infrastructures, Metadata and Semantics for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Metadata and Semantics for Cultural Collections and Applications, European and National Projects.

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Abstract

The Internet has been integral to the globalization of a range of goods and production, from intellectual property and scientific research to political discourse and cultural symbols. Yet the ease with which it allows information to flow at a global level presents enormous regulatory challenges. Understanding if, when, and how the law should regulate online, international flows of information requires a firm grasp of past, present, and future patterns of information flow, and their political, economic, social, and cultural consequences.In The Global Flow of Information, specialists from law, economics, public policy, international studies, and other disciplines probe the issues that lie at the intersection of globalization, law, and technology, and pay particular attention to the wider contextual question of Internet regulation in a globalized world. While individual essays examine everything from the pharmaceutical industry to television to "information warfare" against suspected enemies of the state, all contributors address the fundamental question of whether or not the flow of information across national borders can be controlled, and what role the law should play in regulating global information flows.

Content

Inhalt: Perspectives on the global flow of information / Ramesh Subramanian and Eddan Katz -- Mcdonalds, Wienerwald, and the corner deli / Victoria Reyes and Miguel Angel Centeno -- Internet TV and the global flow of filmed entertainment / Eli Noam -- Piracy, creativity and infrastructure : rethinking access to culture / Lawrence Liang -- Prospects for a global networked cultural heritage : law versus technology? / Stanley N. Katz -- The cultural exception to trade laws / C. Edwin Baker -- Weighing the scales : the Internet's effect on state-society relations / Daniel W. Drezner -- Local nets on a global network : filtering and the internet governance problem / John G. Palfrey, Jr. -- Law as a network standard / Dan L. Burk -- Emerging market pharmaceutical supply : a prescription for sharing the benefits of global information flow / Frederick M. Abbott -- The flow of information in modern warfare / Jeremy M. Kaplan -- Information flow in war and peace / James Der Derian -- Power over the information flow / Dorothy E. Denning -- Information power : the information society from an antihumanist perspective / Jack M. Balkin

Series

Ex machina : law, technology, and society

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Abstract

To reason is to talk. To think is to use tools. To learn is to join a community of practice. This book explores thought and reasoning as inherently social practices, as actions situated in specific environments of demand, opportunity, and accountability. Authors from diverse disciplines psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology - examine how people think and learn in settings as diverse as a factory, a classroom or an airplane cockpit. The tools that people use in these varied settings are both physical technologies and cultural constructions: concepts, structures of reasoning, and forms of discourse. This volume in the NATO Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology is based on an international conference on situated cognition and learning technologies.

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Abstract

Information professionals are increasingly responsible not only for running traditional information and library services but also for providing an online presence for their organisation. This book shows how best practice in delivering online information services should be based an actual user needs and behaviour. A series of case studies provide real life examples of how social science information is being used in the community. The book then draws an these case studies to outline the main issues facing service providers: such as usability, meta-data and management. The book concludes with a look to the future and how both technological and organisational changes will shape online information services.

Content

Key features - Case studies show how - in practical terms - information science issues relate to users' behaviour - The book is written by experts in the field, with each chapter drawing an both case studies and extensive experience in the field - The book can be used as a detailed reference or an overview The Authors The contributors to the book are based at the Institute for Learning and Research Technology, University of Bristol, UK and are responsible for developing and running national online services. The book is edited by Dr Jacobs, an experienced information professional who has worked both in traditional libraries and an national projects and online services. Readership The book is aimed at anyone providing an online service to Chose using social science information, including information officers, librarians and knowledge managers, together with related IT managers and students of LIS at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Contents Section 1 - case studies, describing how information is used in the health, government, academic, trades union, media and other sectors, with particular attention to online information practices. Section 2 - drawing the lessons from the case studies. Section 3 - the major issues facing service providers, including selection, metadata, usability, accessibility, management, and building user skills. Section 4 - the future, covering both technological developments such as the semantic web and portals, and organisational issues such as the changing role of the information professional.

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Abstract

This book features theoretical and practical perspectives from a range of disciplines on the challenges of using digital media in interpretation and representation of cultural heritage. In "Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage", experts offer a critical and theoretical appraisal of the uses of digital media by cultural heritage institutions. Previous discussions of cultural heritage and digital technology have left the subject largely unmapped in terms of critical theory. The essays in this volume offer this long-missing perspective on the challenges of using digital media in the research, preservation, management, interpretation, and representation of cultural heritage. The contributors - scholars and practitioners from a range of relevant disciplines - ground theory in practice, considering how digital technology might be used to transform institutional cultures, methods, and relationships with audiences. The contributors examine the relationship between material and digital objects in collections of art and indigenous artefacts; the implications of digital technology for knowledge creation, documentation, and the concept of authority; and the possibilities for "virtual cultural heritage" - the preservation and interpretation of cultural and natural heritage through real-time, immersive, and interactive techniques. The essays in "Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage" will serve as a resource for professionals, academics, and students in all fields of cultural heritage, including museums, libraries, galleries, archives, and archaeology, as well as those in education and information technology. The range of issues considered and the diverse disciplines and viewpoints represented point to new directions for an emerging field.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Rise and fall of the post-photographic museum : technology and the transformation of art / Peter Walsh -- Materiality of virtual technologies : a new approach to thinking about the impact of multimedia in museums / Andrea Witcomb -- Beyond the cult of the replicant-- museums and historical digital objects : traditional concerns, new discourses / Fiona Cameron -- Te Ahu Hiko : cultural heritage and indigenous objects, people, and environments / Deidre Brown -- Redefining digital art : disrupting borders / Beryl Graham -- Online activity and offlline community : cultural institutions and new media art / Sarah Cook -- Crisis of authority : new lamps for old / Susan Hazan -- Digital cultural communication : audience and remediation / Angelina Russo and Jerry Watkins -- Digital knowledgescapes : cultural, theoretical, practical and usage issues facing museum collection databases in a digital epoch / Fiona Cameron and Helena Robinson -- Art is redeemed, mystery is gone : the documentation of contemporary art / Harald Kraemer -- Cultural information standards-- political territory and rich rewards / Ingrid Mason -- Finding a future for digital cultural heritage resources using contextual information frameworks / Gavan McCarthy -- Engaged dialogism in virtual space : an exploration of research strategies for virtual museums / Suhas Deshpande, Kati Geber, and Corey Timpson -- Localized, personalized, and constructivist : a space for online museum learning / Ross Parry and Nadia Arbach -- Speaking in Rama : panoramic vision in cultural heritage visualization / Sarah Kenderdine -- Dialing up the past / Erik Champion and Bharat Dave -- Morphology of space in virtual heritage / Bernadette Flynn -- Toward tangible virtualities : tangialities / Slavko Milekic -- Ecological cybernetics, virtual reality, and virtual heritage / Maurizio Forte -- Geo-storytelling : a living archive of spatial culture / Scot T. Refsland, Marc Tuters, and Jim Cooley -- Urban heritage representations in hyperdocuments / Rodrigo Paraizo and José Ripper Kós -- Automatic archaeology : bridging the gap between virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and archaeology / Juan Antonio Barceló.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 59(2008) no.8, S.1360-1361 (A. Japzon): "This is the first book since The Wired Museum to address the theoretical discourse on cultural heritage and digital media (Jones-Garmil, 1997). The editors, Fiona Cameron, a Research Fellow in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies at the Centre for Cultural Research at the University of Western Sydney, and Sarah Kenderdine, the Director of Special Projects for the Museum Victoria, bring together 30 authors from the international cultural heritage community to provide a foundation from which to explore and to understand the evolving significance of digital media to cultural heritage. The editors offer the collection of essays as a reference work to be used by professionals, academics, and students working and researching in all fields of cultural heritage including museums, libraries, galleries, archives, and archeology. Further, they recommend the work as a primary or a secondary text for undergraduate and graduate education for these fields. The work succeeds on these counts owing to the range of cultural heritage topics covered and the depth of description on these topics. Additionally, this work would be of value to those individuals working and researching in the fields of human computer interaction and educational technology. The book is divided into three sections: Replicants/Object Morphologies; Knowledge Systems and Management: Shifting Paradigms and Models; and Cultural Heritage and Virtual Systems. Many of the themes in the first section resonate throughout the book providing consistency of language and conceptual understandings, which ultimately offers a shared knowledge base from which to engage in the theoretical discussion on cultural heritage. This review will briefly summarize selected themes and concepts from each of the sections as the work is vast in thought and rich in detail. ...
The major strength of Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage: A Critical Discourse is the balance of theory and practice achieved by its authors through the inclusion of discussion on digital culture exhibits and programs. By describing the work being done at diverse cultural institutions life is given to theoretical discussions. By relating theory to practice, the work becomes accessible to a broader range of readers. Further, these essays provide many examples of how libraries and museums could partner with each other in the realm of digital culture. The field of museum studies is dealing with the same issues as information and library science with regards to data organization, user behavior, object classification, and documentation schemas. Also, the emphasis on the users of digital cultural heritage and how individuals make meaningful connections with art, history, and geography is another asset of the book. Each chapter is well researched resulting in helpful and extensive bibliographies on various aspects of digital culture. Overall, the work is rich in discussion, description and illustrative examples that cover the subject of digital cultural heritage in terms of depth and breadth. The primary weakness of the title is on the focus on museum studies in the discourse on digital cultural heritage. There is much to be shared and discovered across other cultural institutions such as libraries and local historical societies and a more interdisciplinary approach to the essays included would have captured this. The overwhelming emphasis on museums, unfortunately, may cause some researching and studying digital cultural heritage from another perspective to overlook this work; thereby further dividing the efforts and communication of knowledge in this area. This work is highly recommended for collections on museum studies, cultural heritage, art history and documentation, library and information science, and archival science. This work would be most useful to educators and researchers interested in a theoretical understanding of cultural institutions and user interactions in view of the social and political impact of the evolving digital state of cultural heritage rather than in the specific technologies and specific user studies on the digital cultural heritage. Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage is an insightful work that will encourage further discourse and research."

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Content

McIlwaine, I.: Current trends in Knowledge Organization research. - Lopez-Huertas, M.J.: La investigacion espanola en Organizacion del Conocimiento (1992-2001) [Spanish research in knowledge organization (1992-2001). - Bazan, C.B.: La clasificacion de los materiales documentales del Deposito Legal [Documental material classification from legal deposit legislation]. - Bosch, M.: Modelo conceptual de objetos para la representaci6n y rastreabilidad de documentos en el medio digital [Conceptual object model for representation and traceability of digital documents]. - Brufem, L.S., Breda, S.M., Nunes Silva, H., Prates, Y, Fecchio, S.M.: Organizacao do conhecimento: tendencias da producao cientifica [Knowledge organization: tendencies of the scientific production]. - Caro Castro, C., Travieso Rodriguez, C.: Encabezamientos de materia en las bibliotecas espanolas : perspectiva historica y situacion actual [Subject headings in Spanish libraries: past en present]. - Carrizo Sainero, G., Pindado Villaverde, A.M.: Propuesta de normalizacion para el tratamiento bibliografico de documentos no contemplados en la norma ISO 6901987 [How to deal with works out of the scope of ISO 690-1987: a proposal for standarization]. Knecht, A., Frigeni, M., Hernandez, A., Tedde, L.: La transcion a la democracia en Espana: el archivo emerografico del profesor Juan J. Linz (1973-1983) [Spain's democratic transition: Professor Juan J. Linz's newspaper archive (1973-1983)] - Hajdu Barat, A.: Change in the process of cognition by contemporary information technology. - Del Castillo, D., Jimenez Piano, M., L6pez de Prado, R.: EI sistema de clasificacion de la FIAF para documentos no filmicos de eine y television: cuestiones especificas de compatibilidad para la recuperaci6n de informacion en cinematografia [FIAF classification system for non-film cinema and television documents: specific issues abour compatibility for information retrieval in cinematography]. - Villar Flecha, J., Alonso Alvarez, A., Benavides Cuellar, C., Garcia Rodriguez, I., Martinez Ordas, F., Moran Suarez, M.: Elaboracion de un corpus semantico para un clasificador de textos basado en extraccion de la informacion [Semantic corpus elaboration to train an information extraction based text classifier]. - Melly, M., Mara Ferreira, S., Garcia, L., Reis, G.: Ciencas de la informacion y de la computacion: una vision integrada del diseno de sistemas virtuales de busqueda directa de informacion centrados en el usuario [Information Science and Computer Science: an integrated vision for the design of user-centered virtual systems]. - Oliveira, R.M.: A organizacao do conhecimento nas bibliotecas portuguesas [Knowledge organization in Portuguese libraries. - Osuna Alarcon, R.: Catalogos, indices e inventarios en los siglos XVIII y XIX o los antecedentes de una disciplina [Catalogues, indexes and inventories in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, or the forerunners of a discipline]. - San Segundo Manual, R.: Nueva conception de la representaci6n del conocimiento [A new conception of representation of knowledge]. - Sidhom, S., Hassoun, M.: Morpho-syntactic parsing to text mining environment: NP recognition model to knowledge visualization and information. - Aldana Montes, J.F., Moreno Vergara, N., Roldan Garcia, M.M.: La web semantica: punto de encuentro [Semantic Web: a meeting point for DB, Al and IR]. - Pereira Pinheiro da Cruz, R.A., Garcia Penalvo, F.J., Romero, L.A.: Perfiles de usuarios para la adaptatividad de interfaces web [User profiling in web interfaces adaptivity]. - Dimitri, PJ.: Evaluacion de la pertinencia de la base de datos del Instituto National de la Administracion Publica [Pertinence evaluation of the Instituto National de la Administracion Publica's database]. - Eito Brun, R.: Applicacion de tecnicas de recuperaci6n de informacion y organizacion del conocimiento en los repositorios software: tendencias y vision retrospectiva [Information retrieval and knowledge organization in software libraries: bibliographic review and historical trends]. -
Manuel Burgos, J., Galve, J., Garcia, J.: Un modelo bidimensional para la organizacion [A bidimensional model for the organization of programming knowledge]. - Miranda, A., Simeao, E.: EI concepto de masa documental y el ciclo de interaction entre recnologfa y registro del conocimiento [The concept of documentary mass and the interaction cycle between technology and the registration of the knowledge]. - Moros, A., Aplicacion de herramientas tecnologicas para la toma de decisiones en la organizacion del conocimiento, propuesta analftica del Data Warehouse [Application of technological tools for the taking of decisions in the knowledge organization, analytical proposal of the Data Warehouse]. - Munera Torres, M.T.: Investigacion sobre la incidencia de la gestion del conocimiento en las empresas de servicios de Medellin [Research about the incidence of knowledge management in the companies of services of Medellin]. - Perez Alarcon, A.: La gestion de contenidos digitales en el entorno universitario: un primer paso en la gestion del conocimiento [Digital content management in the university area: the first step to knowledge management]. Perez-Montoro Gutidrrez, M.: La propuesta epistemologica clasica en la identificacion organizacional [The classical epistomological approach an the organizational knowledge identification and representation]. - Sanz Casado, E., Martin Moreno, C., Garcia-Zorita, C., Lasturin, M.L.: Aplicacion en la gestion de bibliotecas especializadas de la interdisciplinariedad observada en la actividad cientifica [Application of the interdisciplinary observed in scientific research in specialized library management]. Triska, R.: EI proceso de generation de una base de datos para gestion del conocimiento: caracteristicas y condicionantes [The database generation process for knowledge management: characteristics and conditionals]. - Vianello Osti, M.: Reflexiones acercade la creacion de conocimiento en la World Wide Web [Reflections an the knowledge creation in the World Wide Web]. - Barrueco Cruz, J.M., Krichel, T: Subject description in the Academic Metadata Format. - Bautista, T, De Castro Martin, P, Cottereau, M., Gonz lez Sereno, E., Rfos, Y: EI tat logo de autoridades de la Red de Bibliothecas del CSIC Como herramienta de gestios del conocimiento: hacia una accesibilidad sin restricciones [CSIC Libraries authorities catalog as a knowledge management tool: towards an restricted accessibility]. - Scott Cree, J.: How friendly are UK government websites?. -
Gregory VL., Perrault, A.H., Ramirez Wohlmuth, S.: Looking from the outside in: an evidente-based model for website usability assesment. - Lichtnow, D., Caring, A., Lucas dos Anjos, P, Saldana, R., Loh, S.: Recomendaciones de documentos electronicos en discusiones on-line [Recommendations of electronic documents in online discussions]. - Lopez Yepes, A., Pdrez Agüera, J.R., Sanchez Jimenez, R.: Un modelo para el diseno de sistemas din micos de gestion de informacion multimedia [A model for dynamic multimedia information management systems design] Paganelli, C., Mounier, E.: Extraccion y representacion del conocimiento contenido en un documento tecnico [Extraction and representation of knowledge contained in a technical document]. - Naumis Pena, C.: Los orientadores de informacion para portales [Reader's advisory for websites]. - Perez Lorenzo, B., Morales Garcia, A.M., Garcia Lopez, F., Monje Jimenez, T.: La organizacfon del conocimiento en los portales de Internet: estudio de los principales proveedores de contenides [The organization of the knowledge in the portals of the main suppliers of information]. - Peset Mancebo, F., Ferrer Sapena, A., Lloret Romeno, N., Tolosa Robledo, L., Moreno Nunez, M.T, Diaz Novillo, S.: EI proyecto WinEcs: una vision practica para la implantacion de bibliotecas digitales [WinEcs project: how to implementing digital libraries]. Prieto Castro, E.: Organizacion del conocimiento de los recursos gratuitos de Internet: el caso de documentacion juridica en las bibliotecas universitarias espanolas [Knowledge management of free internet resources: law related information in academic libraries in Spain]. - Saldana, R., Teixeira Goncalez, A., Barrocco Farias, G., Branco, R.K., Lichtnow, D., Loh, S.: Captura automatica y selectiva de informaciones para bibliotecas digitales [Automatic and selective caption of information for digital libraries]. - Tramullas, J.: Clasificaciones y portales tem ticos especializados. Estudio en recursos de informacion digital sobre ciencas sociales [Classifications and specialized subject gateways. A study in social sciences digital information resources]. - Henriques, R., Worcman, K.: A experiencia do Museu da Pessoa: organizacao da memoria socialaem formato digital [The Museum of the Person's experience: social memory organization in digital Format]. Olson, H.A.: Transgressive deconstructions: feminist/postcolonial methodology for research in knowledge organization. - Brito Santana, J., Cruz Rodriguez, J.M.: Sistema informatico de soporte al analisis del discurso [The computer system for support to discourse analysis]. -
Izquierdo Alonso, M.: EI analisis de generocomo metodologia para la organizacion y representacion del conocimiento [Genre analysis for methodology of the knowledge conceptual representation and organization]. - Porras Navalon, M.P, Verdugo Alonso, M.A.: El analisis terminologico de los titulos de los articulos cientificos Como metodologia para estudiar la evolution de las construcciones sociales: el caso de la discapacidad [The terminological analysis of the titles of scientific articles as methodology to study the evolution of social constructions: the case of disability]. - Ayuso Sanchez, M.J., Ayuso Garcia, M.D.: La gestion electronica de los derechos de autor en la era digital: los proyectos de investigacion orientados hacia la ERMS (Electronic Right Managements Systems) [The electronic management of the author's rights in the digital age: from the projects of research towards to the ERMS (Electronic Right Managements Systems)]. - Frias, J.A., Villalba del Monte, R.: Contando el cuento en organizacion del conocimiento: analisis de la presentacion formal de los articulos de investigacion publicados en Espana (1990-2001) [The story of knowledge organization: analysis of the formal presenation of research articles published in Spain (1990-2001)]. - Lopez Alonso, V, Moreno Lopez, L., Martin Sänchez, F.: Desarrollo de un sistema de gestion del conocimiento cientifico para su empleo en unidades de investigacion [Development of a scientific knowledge management system to be used in research units]. - Ramos Simon, L.F.: Alternativas de circulacio de las publicaciones electronicas: propuentespara el aceso libre al conocimiento cientifico [Circulation alternatives to the scholarly electronic publishing: proposals for the free access to scientific knowledge]. - Sanchez Turrion, J.M., Garcia Penalvo, F.J., Hernandez Simon, A.A.: BiblioRef. Herramienta personal para la gestion de citas bibliograficas [BiblioRef. A personal tool for bibliographic management]. - Guimaraes, J.A.C., Fernandez-Molina, J.C.: Los aspectos eticos de la organizacion y representation del cnocimiento en la revista Knowledge Organization [Ethical aspects of knowledge organization and representation in the journal Knowledge Organization]. - Moros, A.: Influencia de los sucesos del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en la representacion y organizacion del conocimiento: aspectos eticos, politicos y sociologicos [Influences of the events of September 11th, 2001, in knowledge represenation and organization: ethical, political and sociological aspect].

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Abstract

This volume contains the proceedings of a special conference held in Florence, August 2009. The theoretical and methodological aspects of rethinking semantic access to information and knowledge are explored. Innovative projects deployed to cope with the challenges of the future are presented and discussed. This book offers a unique opportunity for librarians and other information professionals to get acquainted with the state of the art in subject indexing.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction -- Focusing on user needs :new ways of subject access in Czechia -- Subject analysis and indexing :an "Italian version" of the analytico-synthetic model -- Subject search in Italian OPACs :an opportunity in waiting? -- Semiautomatic merging of two universal thesauri :the case of Estonia -- 20 years SWD :German subject authority data prepared for the future -- Mixed translations of the DDC :design, usability, and implications for knowledge organization in multilingual environments -- Animals belonging to the emperor :enabling viewpoint warrant in classification -- Dewey in Sweden :leaving SAB after 87 years -- Enhancing information services using machine-to-machine terminology services -- Social bookmarking and subject indexing -- Social indexing at the Stockholm Public Library -- The Nuovo Soggettario Thesaurus :structural features and web application projects -- Jzyk Hasel Przedmiotowych Biblioteki Narodowej (National Library of Poland Subject Headings) :from card catalogs to Digital Library :some questions about the future of a Local Subject Heading Systems in the changing world of information retrieval -- FAST headings as tags for WorldCat