Search (1079 results, page 54 of 54)

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Abstract

The study assessed the ability of children to categorise concepts that will be used to organise an information retrieval interface. The work was done of Project SEED (Science for Early Educational Development), a project to develop hands-on science programmes for elementary schools. Aims to tailor an interface to the particular skills of children in organising science knowledge. The results are promising for the design of IR interfaces based on children's abilities to manipulate information.

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Abstract

Issues concerning the formulation and application of a model of how humans value information are examined. Formulation of a value function is based on research from modelling, value assessment, human information seeking behavior, and human decision making. The proposed function is incorporated into a computer-based fiction retrieval system and evaluated using data from nine searches. Evaluation is based on the ability of an individual's value function to discriminate among novels selected, rejected, and not considered. The results are discussed in terms of both formulation and utilization of a value function as well as the implications for extending the proposed formulation to other information seeking environments

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Abstract

Subclass DT of the Library of Congress classification assigns comparatively brief spans of class numbers to many of the countries of East Africa and West Africa. Many of these spans leave very little space for classes which will be assigned in the future to cover the future historical developments of these countries. An analysis of twenty-nine revisions and relocations of these classifications which the LC personnel approved during 1980-82 shows that most of these changes have failed to address these notational problems. This study identifies two portions of Subclass DT which pose special problems and proposes several possible solutions to these problems.

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Abstract

The bibliographic phase of the Pennsylvania Newspaper Project (PaNP) is described in terms of organization and procedures. During the first year of the PaNP, cataloging at five sites distributed geographically throughout Pennsylvania was implemented. Overall project direction is provided at the State Library of Pennsylvania and CONSER authentication for Pennsylvania newspaper cataloging is performed at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt). The article emphasizes activities at the University of Pittsburgh and documents procedures and recommendations by the staff at Pitt. Unique complexities of cataloging newspapers and recording holdings information are examined. An innovative system of profiling has been developed to allow for the inclusion, into OCLC, of the holdings of small repositories and private individuals.

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Abstract

Although the Name Authority Cooperative Project (NACO) is now almost ten years old, little has been written about it from the perspective of NACO participants. This article provides a narrative case study of the effects of NACO on one academic research library, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The decision to accept NACO membership, NACO training at the Library of Congress, post-training implementation at the University of Illinois and effects on work flow, productivity and morale are portrayed in this description. It is hoped that the information contained here can provide more insight into the pros and cons of NACO membership that could be generalized to any library.

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Abstract

Cataloging departments must weigh the goal of high quality cataloging against the need to make materials available to the patron in a timely, cost effective fashion. Many cataloging departments still review and revise subject headings assigned by OCLC member libraries to achieve quality cataloging for their libraries. This study evaluates this procedure and compares the number of subject heading revisions made to OCLC cooperative cataloging copy input by research, academic and public libraries. Percentages of revisions did not differ greatly among the three types of libraries and were lower than expected. A reassessment of the library's procedures was recommended and several issues that all libraries should consider were enumerated.

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Abstract

The availability and content of on-line bibliographic records for curriculum materials are evaluated in this study. Records were selected from the OCLC OnLine Union Catalog, the predominant on-line bibliographic network providing cataloging to all types of libraries including school libraries and others supporting curriculum material collections. Based on a sample of shelflist cards for curriculum materials from the Instructional Materials Laboratory collection of the University Libraries at California State University, Northridge, a quantitative assessment is made of the content of the matching OCLC records. Study results suggest that the availability and content of OCLC catalog records for curriculum materials may satisfy the bibliographic information and access requirements of curriculum materials collection librarians.

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Abstract

Over the last decade, networks such as the Western Library Network (WLN have faced an ever-growing number of challenges to their viability. These include rising telecommunications costs and increasing local processing power. WLN has responded to these challenges in several ways. WLN will continue to offer a high quality, centrally maintained database, with special emphasis on providing an accurate linked authority file. To further promote this goal, a Cataloging/Inputting Service and Sample Review program for original cataloging input by members have been implemented. Service area restrictions have been removed to encourage use of WLN throughout the West and beyond. Finally, WLN has developed Lasercat, a CD-ROM based catalog containing over one half the WLN database.

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Abstract

NISO draft standard Z39.50 (sometimes called the "Linked Systems Protocol") provides a standard for linking computers to permit the searching and retrieval of machine-readable bibliographic and authority records. The concept, context, status, and potential of the Linked Systems Protocol are reviewed in relation to the historical development of bibliographies and library catalogs. The functions of a fully developed bibliographic Linked Systems Protocol are summarized and shown to have extensive implications for scholarship, bibliographic access, and the notion of a national database. Effective international use of such a protocol would require the solution of several traditional problems.

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Abstract

CONSER's development is traced through four phases marked by revolutionary events and evolutionary processes. The first phase was the startup of operations, an already well-documented phase of CONSER. During Phase 2, the focus was on contributions made by allied projects and on adjusting to the advent of RLIN and AACR2. Phase 3 began when CONSER participants gained the ability to "authenticate" CONSER records for distribution by LC and to update LC records that had formerly been "locked" to all but LC staff. A planning retreat in November 1986 set the stage for the emerging Phase 4, a period of renewal aided by new organizational and membership structures and five goals supported by a strategic plan.

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Abstract

An essential part of information retrieval knowledge is the knowledge of data base contents and structures. Currently, the variety of data bases is so wide that it is difficult to know the contents and structure of a particular data base and how they differ from those of other data bases. Because of the lack of commonly acknowledged guidelines for data base descriptions, each on-line service designs and produces printed manuals, on-line help texts and other user documentation in its own manner. For the presentation of exact information and knowledge on a data base, common, structured principles for data base descriptions are needed. Requirements and some solutions for such description principles are presented.

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Footnote

Rez. in: College & research libraries 52(1991) S.382-383 (P. Wilson)

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Abstract

Have you heard about the irritable husband who, seeking to improve his marriage, was told by a doctor to take a calming 10-mile walk each evening, and call back after a month? "Things are fine, I'm very relaxed," the man reported the next month, "but I'm 300 miles from home." Assumptions, suppositions, and theories are necessary to do science or to "do" life but, as this story points out, they can be misleading when made unthinkingly (as they often are). In I Think, Therefore I Laugh John Paulos makes use of a great variety of jokes and stories in providing a profound and witty account of some of the most basic riddles of modern analytic philosophy. The Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein once remarked that "a good and serious philosophical work could be written that would consist entirely of jokes"- one understands the philosophical point only if one gets the joke. Paulos contends that humor and philosophy resonate at an even deeper level (both evince a strong penchant for debunking, for example), and proves his contention through parables, puzzles, and paradoxes dealing with topics ranging from scientific induction to the distinction between intentional and causal explanations. He engages Groucho Marx and Bertrand Russell in a spirited dialogue that flows from their mutual concern with self-reference and their tendency toward skepticism and anarchist feelings. And, he links Wittgenstein himself with Lewis Carroll, both having been preoccupied with nonsense, logical confusion, and language puzzles. To enjoy I Think, Therefore I Laugh requires no advanced knowledge of philosophy, but a hearty appreciation for wit and humor is a must. This informal but brilliant book is not only a lucid introduction to some of philosophy's most perplexing problems, but a thoroughly amusing and entertaining show as well. The dialogue between Groucho Marx and Bertrand Russell is itself worth the price of admission

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Abstract

This article reports on a comparison of the postcoordinate retrieval effectiveness of two indexing languages: LCSH and PRECIS. The effect of augmenting each with title words was also studies. The database for the study was over 15.000 UK MARC records. Users returned 5.326 relevant judgements for citations retrieved for 61 SDI profiles, representing a wide variety of subjects. Results are reported in terms of precision and relative recall. Pure/applied sciences data and social science data were analyzed separately. Cochran's significance tests for ratios were used to interpret the findings. Recall emerged as the more important measure discriminating the behavior of the two languages. Addition of title words was found to improve recall of both indexing languages significantly. A direct relationship was observed between recall and exhaustivity. For the social sciences searches, recalls from PRECIS alone and from PRECIS with title words were significantly higher than those from LCSH alone and from LCSH with title words, respectively. Corresponding comparisons for the pure/applied sciences searches revealed no significant differences

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Abstract

Offers a personal look back at the origins and early use of associative search techniques, and also a look forward at more theoretical approaches to the document retrieval problems. The purpose is to contrast the following 2 different ways of improving system performance: appending associative search techniques to more or less standard (conventional) document retrieval systems; and designing document retrieval systems based on more fundamental and appropriate principles namely probabilistic design principles. Very recent work on probabilistic approaches to the document retrieval problem has provided a new (and rare) unification of 2 previously competing models. In light of this, argues that if we had to choose the best way to improve performance of a document retrieval system, it would be wiser to implement, test, and evaluate this new unified model, rather than to continue to use associative techniques which are coupled to conventionally designed retrieval systems

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Abstract

The availability of two full text data bases in the clinical medical journal literature, MEDIS from Mead Data Central and CCML from BRS Information Technologies, provided an opportunity to compare the efficacy of the full text to the traditional, indexed system, MEDLINE for retrieval effectiveness. 100 searches were solicited from an academic health sciences library and the request were searched on all 3 data bases. The results were compared and preliminary analysis suggests that the full text data bases retrieve a greater number of relevant citations and MEDLINE achieves higher precision.

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Abstract

Improving access to music materials is an area of concern to people working with those materials. The increase in publications, coupled with the use of computer technology has created a need for efficient bibliographic control, and improved indexing, using a controlled vocabulary wich is both logical and easily manipulated. The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) are unsatisfactory and there is a need for standard vocabulary of music and music literature. The Music Thesaurus Project Working Group concludes that any thesaurus for music should be constructed according to accept standards; be capable of accomodating different indexing grammars; should support both pre- and post-coordinate use; and be compatible with LCSH. The establishment of a major thesaurus project requires grat resources, both human and financial, and should not be plannend without the cooperation of relevant organisations.

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Abstract

The implementation of our online integrated catalog ACORN at Vanderbilt University Library has been a complex and time-consuming task. The authority control component represents an important portion of the effort. The authority file consists of approximately one-half million name, subject, series, and uniform title headings, the majority of which were supplied to us by a vendor, Blackwell North America (BNA). Authority work has been integrated into our cataloging routine successfully, new headings are being added to our database daily, and extant headings are being validated online. This paper will cover a description of how Vanderbilt selected the Northwestern Online Total Integrated System (NOTIS); the ongoing editing of the authority file following the BNA processing; the interrelationship of Vanderbilt University Library's three processing units, General Technical Services (GTS), Medical Library, and Law Library apropos of the authority function; and some of the policies and procedures drawn up by the Authority Control Coordinator with the assistance of the other librarians in Monograph and Serial Services.

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Abstract

This book provides a coherent account of the theory of classification. It discusses the contributions made by theoreticians like E.C. Richardson, J.B. Brown, W. Hulme, W.C. Berwick Sayers, H.E. Bliss and S.R. Ranganathan. However, the theory put forward by S.R. Ranganathan predominates the whole book because his contribution is far more than anybody else's. Five major schemes - DDC, UDC, LCC, CC, and BC - have also been discussed. Library classification is a specialized area of study. In recent years, library classification has become a vast and complicated field of study using highly technical terminology. A special attempt has been made to provide descriptions as simple and direct as could be possible. To illustrate the theory of classification, large number of examples have been given from all major schemes so that an average student ould also grasp the concepts easily. This book has been especially written to meet the requirements of students, preparing for their library science, documentation, information science diplomas and degrees.