Search (4504 results, page 225 of 226)

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Part I-Foundations of Access to Visual Information Intellectual Access to Images (Hsin-liang Chen and Edie M. Rasmussen) - Image Retrieval as Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Visual Model Matching (P. Bryan Heidorn) - Computer Vision Tools for Finding Images and Video Sequences (D. A. Forsyth) Part II-Implementation and Evaluation Securing Digital Image Assets in Museums and Libraries: A Risk Management Approach (Teresa Grose Beamsley) - Getting the Picture: Observations from the Library of Congress on Providing Access to Pictorial Images (Caroline R. Arms) - Recent Developments in Cultural Heritage Image Databases: Directions for User-Centered Design (Christie Stephenson) - Evaluation of Image Retrieval Systems: Role of User Feedback (Samantha K. Hastings) Part III-Experimental Approaches Information Retrieval Beyond the Text Document (Yong Rui, Michael Ortega, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra) - Precise and Efficient Retrieval of Captioned Images: The MARIE Project (Neil C. Rowe) - Exploiting Multimodal Context in Image Retrieval (Rohini K. Srihari and Zhongfei Zhang)

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.1, S.58-60 (S.J. Miller): "Metadata: A Cataloger's Primer is a welcome addition to the field of introductory books about metadata intended for librarians and students. The book consists of a collection of papers co-published simultaneously as Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, Volume 40, Numbers 3/4 2005. In the Introduction, the book's editor, Richard P Smiraglia, states that "The purpose of this volume is to provide a learning resource about metadata for catalog librarians and students ... The point of the volume, overall, is that in library and information science there is an ongoing convergence of cataloging and metadata, such that the community will benefit from instructional material that demonstrates this convergence" (p. 1). The collection is divided into two major sections. Part I, "Intellectual Foundations," includes papers with an introductory and theoretical focus, while Part II, "How to Create, Apply, and Use Metadata," contains material with a relatively more practical, instructive focus. In "Understanding Metadata and Metadata Schemes," Jane Greenberg defines metadata and its functions and provides a useful framework for analyzing and comparing diverse metadata schemes based on their objectives and principles, domains, and architectural layout. In her paper "Metadata and Bibliographic Control: Soul-mates or Two Solitudes?" Lynne Howarth directly addresses the central theme of this collection by examining the historical development of, and growing convergence between, the two fields, and concludes that they are more soulmates than solitudes. In "Metadata, Metaphor, and Metonymy," D. Grant Campbell outlines the development of metadata among different stakeholder communities and employs structuralist literary theory to illuminate a perspective on metadata and information representation as special uses of human language in the form of metaphor and metonymy. Part I continues with three papers that present the results of original applied research. Leatrice Ferraioli explores the ways in which individual workers use their own personal metadata for organizing documents in the workplace in "An Exploratory Study of Metadata Creation in a Health Care Agency." In her paper "The Defining Element-A Discussion of the Creator Element within Metadata Schemas," Jennifer Cwiok analyses divergent uses of the "Creator" or equivalent elements in seven different metadata schemes and compares those with the AACR2 approach to representing authorship and intellectual responsibility. The relevance of the bibliographic concept of "the work" to metadata creation for museum artifacts is the focus of "Content Metadata-An Analysis of Etruscan Artifacts in a Museum of Archeology" by Richard P Smiraglia.

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Editor

Schuler, D. u. P. Day

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Inhalt: Introduction: New Directions in Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink and Charles Cole.- Emerging Evolutionary Approach to Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink and James Currier.- Information Behavior in Pre-Literate Societies, Andrew D. Madden, Jared Bryson and Joe Palimi.- Towards a Social Framework for Information Seeking, Eszter Hargittai and Amanda Hinnant.- Mapping Textually-Mediated Information Practice in Clinical Midwifery Care, Pamela McKenzie.- Information Grounds: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Findings on Information Flow in Social Settings, Karen E. Fisher and Charles M. Naumer.-Information Sharing, Sanna Talja and Preben Hansen.- Multitasking and Coordinating Framework for Human Information Behavior, Amanda Spink, Minsoo Park and Charles Cole.- A Nonlinear Perspective on Information Seeking, Allen Foster.- A Cognitive Framework for Human Information Behavior: The Place of Metaphor in Human Information Organizing Behavior, Charles Cole and John Leide.- The Digital Information Consumer, David Nicholas, Paul Huntingron, Peter Williams and Tom Dubrowolski.- Integrating Framework and Further Research.

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Benavides, C., Aláiz, H., Alfonso, J., Alonso, Á.: An ontology for control engineering; Ferreira de Oliveira, M.F., Schiessl, M.: Estimate of the distance between areas of an organization using the concept of interlinguistic distance; Lara, M.G.L. de.: Ciencias del lenguaje, terminología y ciencia de la información: relaciones interdisciplinarias y transdisciplinariedad; Moreiro González, J.A.: Evolución paralela de los lenguajes documentales y la terminología; Triska, R.: Artificial intelligence, classification theory and the uncertainty reduction process; Casari Boccato, V.R., Spotti Lopes Fujita, M.: Aproximación cualitativa-cognitiva como método de evaluación de lenguajes documentales: una técnica de protocolo verbal; De Brito Neves, D.A., De Albuquerque, M.E.B.C.: Biblioteca digital un convergencia multidisciplinar; Miranda, A., Simeão, E.: Aspectos interdisciplinarios y tecnológicos de la autoría colectiva e individual; San Segundo, R.: Incidencia de aspectos culturales y siciales en la organización del conocimento transdisciplinar; Barber, E., et al.: Los catálogos en línea de acceso público disponibles en entorno web de las bibliotecas universitarias y especializadas en Argentina y Brasil: diagnóstico de situación; Forsman, M.: Diffusion of a new concept: the case of social capital; Pajor, E.: Una aplicación de topic map que puede ser un modelo posible; Moreiro González, J.A., Franco Álvarez, G., Garcia Martul, D.: Un vocabulario controlado para una hemerotecá: posibilidades y características de los topicsets; Cavalcanti de Miranda, M.L.: Organización y representación del conocimiento: fundamentos teóricos y metológicos para la recuperación de la información en entornos virtuales; Moacir Francelin, M.: Espacios de significación y representación del conocimiento: un análisis sobre teorias y métodos de organización de conceptos en ciencia de la información; Spiteri, L.: The structure and form of folksonomy tags: the road to the public library catalogue;

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Source

D-Lib magazine. 9(2003) no.11, x S

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D-Lib magazine. 12(2006) no.4, x S

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D-Lib magazine. 7(2001) no.1, xx S

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D-Lib magazine. 7(2001) no.4, xx S

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2004) H.1, S.61-62 (D. Lewandowski): "Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes haben sich in den letzten Jahren durch ihre zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen zum Verhalten von Suchmaschinen-Nutzern einen guten Namen gemacht. Das nun erschienene Buch bietet eine Zusammenfassung der verstreut publizierten Aufsätze und stellt deren Ergebnisse in den Kontext eines umfassenderen Forschungsansatzes. Spink und Jansen verwenden zur Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens query logs von Suchmaschinen. In diesen werden vom Server Informationen protokolliert, die die Anfragen an diesen Server betreffen. Daten, die aus diesen Dateien gewonnen werden können, sind unter anderem die gestellten Suchanfragen, die Adresse des Rechners, von dem aus die Anfrage gestellt wurde, sowie die aus den Trefferlisten ausgewählten Dokumente. Der klare Vorteil der Analyse von Logfiles liegt in der Möglichkeit, große Datenmengen ohne hohen personellen Aufwand erheben zu können. Die Daten einer Vielzahl anonymer Nutzer können analysiert werden; ohne dass dabei die Datenerhebung das Nutzerverhalten beeinflusst. Dies ist bei Suchmaschinen von besonderer Bedeutung, weil sie im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen professionellen Information-Retrieval-Systemen nicht nur im beruflichen Kontext, sondern auch (und vor allem) privat genutzt werden. Das Bild des Nutzungsverhaltens wird in Umfragen und Laboruntersuchungen verfälscht, weil Nutzer ihr Anfrageverhalten falsch einschätzen oder aber die Themen ihrer Anfragen nicht nennen möchten. Hier ist vor allem an Suchanfragen, die auf medizinische oder pornographische Inhalte gerichtet sind, zu denken. Die Analyse von Logfiles ist allerdings auch mit Problemen behaftet: So sind nicht alle gewünschten Daten überhaupt in den Logfiles enthalten (es fehlen alle Informationen über den einzelnen Nutzer), es werden keine qualitativen Informationen wie etwa der Grund einer Suche erfasst und die Logfiles sind aufgrund technischer Gegebenheiten teils unvollständig. Die Autoren schließen aus den genannten Vor- und Nachteilen, dass sich Logfiles gut für die Auswertung des Nutzerverhaltens eignen, bei der Auswertung jedoch die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen, welche andere Methoden verwenden, berücksichtigt werden sollten.

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Abstract

Founded in 1800 as a resource for lawmakers, the Library of Congress is one of the greatest libraries in existence, with more than 110 million items in holding, including books in 450 different languages, national documents and art works. Conaway (The Smithsonian) investigates the Library's history from the vantage point of the 13 Librarians of Congress, to illustrate how their experiences and contributions have reflected political and intellectual developments in the U.S. Several Librarians of Congress stayed on for decades, dedicating their lives to the institution. The first, John J. Beckley, appointed in 1802 by President Thomas Jefferson, was confronted with an enormous challenge when the original collection was engulfed in flames during the British's burning of the Capitol by the British in 1812. Aimsworth Rand Spofford, appointed by Abraham Lincoln, succeeded in securing copyright deposit at the Library, thus ensuring its place as the national repository. Appointed by William McKinley, Herbert Putnam made the cataloging system available to U.S. libraries, while Archibald MacLeish, appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, established the Library as an important cultural center through his acquisitions and literature programs. The current Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, appointed by Ronald Reagan, has made a good portion of the collection available electronically. This is an engrossing and comprehensive read, as much a history of the people who made the Library of Congress what it is today--a library to the world--as it is a rich chronicle of the magnificent institution.

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D

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Content

EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION H. Peter Ohly. Knowledge Organization Pro and Retrospective. Judith Simon. Knowledge and Trust in Epistemology and Social Software/Knowledge Technologies. - D. Grant Campbell. Derrida, Logocentrism, and the Concept of Warrant on the Semantic Web. - Jian Qin. Controlled Semantics Versus Social Semantics: An Epistemological Analysis. - Hope A. Olson. Wind and Rain and Dark of Night: Classification in Scientific Discourse Communities. - Thomas M. Dousa. Empirical Observation, Rational Structures, and Pragmatist Aims: Epistemology and Method in Julius Otto Kaiser's Theory of Systematic Indexing. - Richard P. Smiraglia. Noesis: Perception and Every Day Classification. Birger Hjorland. Deliberate Bias in Knowledge Organization? Joseph T. Tennis and Elin K. Jacob. Toward a Theory of Structure in Information Organization Frameworks. - Jack Andersen. Knowledge Organization as a Cultural Form: From Knowledge Organization to Knowledge Design. - Hur-Li Lee. Origins of the Main Classes in the First Chinese Bibliographie Classification. NON-TEXTUAL MATERIALS Abby Goodrum, Ellen Hibbard, Deborah Fels and Kathryn Woodcock. The Creation of Keysigns American Sign Language Metadata. - Ulrika Kjellman. Visual Knowledge Organization: Towards an International Standard or a Local Institutional Practice?

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Vert, S.: Extensions of Web browsers useful to knowledge workers. Chen, L.-C.: Next generation search engine for the result clustering technology. Biskri, I., L. Rompré: Using association rules for query reformulation. Habernal, I., M. Konopík u. O. Rohlík: Question answering. Grau, B.: Finding answers to questions, in text collections or Web, in open domain or specialty domains. Berri, J., R. Benlamri: Context-aware mobile search engine. Bouidghaghen, O., L. Tamine: Spatio-temporal based personalization for mobile search. Chaudiron, S., M. Ihadjadene: Studying Web search engines from a user perspective: key concepts and main approaches. Karaman, F.: Artificial intelligence enabled search engines (AIESE) and the implications. Lewandowski, D.: A framework for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of search engines.

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CATEGORIES IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION L. Hajibayova and E. K. Jacob. A Theoretical Framework for Operationalizing Basic Level Categories in Knowledge Organization Research - A. Y. Asundi. Epistemological Basis of some Common Categories - A Study of Space and Time As Common Concepts - A. Y. Asundi. Domain Specific Categories and Relations and their Potential Applications: A Case Study of Two Arrays of Agriculture Schedule of Colon Classification RELATIONSHIPS IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION K. S. Raghavan and A. Neelameghan. Indic Cultures and Concepts: Implications for Knowledge Organization - Eduardo Ismael Murguia and Rodrigo de Sales. CNPq.s Knowledge Area Table as a Knowledge and Power Apparatus - Maja Zumer, Marcia Lei Zeng and Joan S. Mitchell. FRBRizing KOS Relationships: Applying the FRBR Model to Versions of the DDC - D. Grant Campbell. Farradane.s Relational Indexing and its Relationship to Hyperlinking in Alzheimer.s Information - Elizabeth Milonas. Classifying Web Term Relationships: An Examination of the Search Result Pages of Two Major Search Engines - Rosa San Sengundo and Daniel Martinez Avila. New Conceptual Structures for the Digital Environment: From KOS to the Semantic Interconnection - A. Neelameghan and K.S. Raghavan. Concept of .Time., Semantic Relationships and Cultural Frames

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The View From Above Browsing for a particular piece on information on the Web can often feel like being stuck in an unfamiliar part of town walking around at street level looking for a particular store. You know the store is around there somewhere, but your viewpoint at ground level is constrained. What you really want is to get above the streets, hovering half a mile or so up in the air, to see the whole neighbourhood. This kind of birds-eye view function has been memorably described by David D. Clark, Senior Research Scientist at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science and the Chairman of the Invisible Worlds Protocol Advisory Board, as the missing "up button" on the browser [3] . ET-Map is a nice example of a prototype for Clark's "up-button" view of an information space. The goal of information maps, like ET-Map, is to provide the browser with a sense of the lie of the information landscape, what is where, the location of clusters and hotspots, what is related to what. Ideally, this 'big-picture' all-in-one visual summary needs to fit on a single standard computer screen. ET-Map is one of my favourite examples, but there are many other interesting information maps being developed by other researchers and companies (see inset at the bottom of this page). How does ET-Map work? Here is a sequence of screenshots of a typical browsing session with ET-Map, which ends with access to Web pages on jazz musician Miles Davis. You can also tryout ET-Map for yourself, using a fully working demo on the AI Lab's website [4] . We begin with the top-level map showing forty odd broad entertainment 'subject regions' represented by regularly shaped tiles. Each tile is a visual summary of a group of Web pages with similar content. These tiles are shaded different colours to differentiate them, while labels identify the subject of the tile and the number in brackets telling you how many individual Web page links it contains. ET-Map uses two important, but common-sense, spatial concepts in its organisation and representation of the Web. Firstly, the 'subject regions' size is directly related to the number of Web pages in that category. For example, the 'MUSIC' subject area contains over 11,000 pages and so has a much larger area than the neighbouring area of 'LIVE' which only has 4,300 odd pages. This is intuitively meaningful, as the largest tiles are visually more prominent on the map and are likely to be more significant as they contain the most links. In addition, a second spatial concept, that of neighbourhood proximity, is applied so 'subject regions' closely related in term of content are plotted close to each other on the map. For example, 'FILM' and 'YEAR'S OSCARS', at the bottom left, are neighbours in both semantic and spatial space. This make senses as many things in the real-world are ordered in this way, with things that are alike being spatially close together (e.g. layout of goods in a store, or books in a library). Importantly, ET-Map is also a multi-layer map, with sub-maps showing greater informational resolution through a finer degree of categorization. So for any subject region that contains more than two hundred Web pages, a second-level map, with more detailed categories is generated. This subdivision of information space is repeated down the hierarchy as far as necessary. In the example, the user selected the 'MUSIC' subject region which, not surprisingly, contained many thousands of pages. A second-level map with numerous different music categories is then presented to the user. Delving deeper, the user wants to learn more about jazz music, so clicking on the 'JAZZ' tile leads to a third-level map, a fine-grained map of jazz related Web pages. Finally, selecting the 'MILES DAVIS' subject region leads to more a conventional looking ranking of pages from which the user selects one to download.

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15. Integration of Knowledge in Multicultural Domain-Oriented and General.(Part II) Richard P. SMIRAGLIA: Crossing Cultural Boundaries: Perspectives an the Popularity of Works; A. NEELAMEGHAN and Hemalata IYER: Some Patterns of Information Presentation, Organization and Indexing for communication Across Cultures and Faiths; Maria Odaisa ESPINHEIRO DE OLIVEIRA: Knowledge Representation from Amazonian Narratives; Evelyn Goyanes Dill ORRICO: Metaphorical Representations of the Thematic Identity of Social Groups in the Assistance of Information Retrieval 16. Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Information Retrieval (Part III) F. MARTÍNEZ, M.T. MARTIN, V. M. RIVAS, M.C. DÍAZ and L.A. URENA: Using Neural Networks for Multiword Recognition in IR; E. PEIS, E. HERRERA-VIEDMA, J.C. HERRERA: On the Evaluation of XML Documents Using Fuzzy Linguistic Techniques; V.P. GUERRERO, C. LÓPEZ-PUJALTE, C. FABA, M.J. REYES, F. ZAPICO and F. de MOYA-ANEGÓN: Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Information Retrieval; I. BLANCO, M.J. MARTÍN-BAUTISTA, D. SÁNCHEZ, A. VILA: Fuzzy Logic for Measuring Information Retrieval Effectiviness

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Enthält die Beiträge: Zumer, M.: Dedication [to Zlata Dimec]; P. Le Boeuf: FRBR: Hype or Cure-All? Introduction; O.M.A. Madison: The origins of the IFLA study an functional requirements for bibliographic records; G.E. Patton: Extending FRBR to authorities; T. Delsey: Modeling subject access: extending the FRBR and FRANAR conceptual models; S. Gradmann: rdfs:frbr - Towards an implementation model for library catalogs using semantic web technology; G. Johsson: Cataloguing of hand press materials and the concept of expression in FRBR; K. Kilner: The AustLit Gateway and scholarly bibliography: a specialist implementation of the FRBR; P. Le Boeuf: Musical works in the FRBR model or "Quasi la Stessa Cosa": variations an a theme by Umberto Eco; K. Albertsen, C. van Nuys: Paradigma: FRBR and digital documents; D. Miller, P Le Boeuf: "Such stuff as dreams are made on": How does FRBR fit performing arts?; Y. Nicolas: Folklore requirements for bibliographic records: oral traditions and FRBR; B.B. Tillett: FRBR and cataloging for the future; Z. Dimec, M. Zumer, G.J.A. Riesthuis: Slovenian cataloguing practice and Functional Requirements for Bibliography Records: a comparative analysis; M. Zumer: Implementation of FRBR: European research initiative; T.B. Hicley, E.T. O'Neill: FRBRizing OCLC's WorldCat; R. Sturman: Implementing the FRBR conceptual approach in the ISIS software environment: IFPA (ISIS FRBR prototype application); J. Radebaugh, C. Keith: FRBR display tool; D.R. Miller: XOBIS - an experimental schema for unifying bibliographic and authority records

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Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: Rez. in: nfd 55(2004) H.4, S.252 (D. Lewandowski):"Die Zahl der Bücher zum Thema Information Retrieval ist nicht gering, auch in deutscher Sprache liegen einige Titel vor. Trotzdem soll ein neues (englischsprachiges) Buch zu diesem Thema hier besprochen werden. Dieses zeichnet sich durch eine Kürze (nur etwa 230 Seiten Text) und seine gute Verständlichkeit aus und richtet sich damit bevorzugt an Studenten in den ersten Semestern. Heting Chu unterrichtet seit 1994 an Palmer School of Library and Information Science der Long Island University New York. Dass die Autorin viel Erfahrung in der Vermittlung des Stoffs in ihren Information-Retrieval-Veranstaltungen sammeln konnte, merkt man dem Buch deutlich an. Es ist einer klaren und verständlichen Sprache geschrieben und führt in die Grundlagen der Wissensrepräsentation und des Information Retrieval ein. Das Lehrbuch behandelt diese Themen als Gesamtkomplex und geht damit über den Themenbereich ähnlicher Bücher hinaus, die sich in der Regel auf das Retrieval beschränken. Das Buch ist in zwölf Kapitel gegliedert, wobei das erste Kapitel eine Übersicht über die zu behandelnden Themen gibt und den Leser auf einfache Weise in die Grundbegriffe und die Geschichte des IRR einführt. Neben einer kurzen chronologischen Darstellung der Entwicklung der IRR-Systeme werden auch vier Pioniere des Gebiets gewürdigt: Mortimer Taube, Hans Peter Luhn, Calvin N. Mooers und Gerard Salton. Dies verleiht dem von Studenten doch manchmal als trocken empfundenen Stoff eine menschliche Dimension. Das zweite und dritte Kapitel widmen sich der Wissensrepräsentation, wobei zuerst die grundlegenden Ansätze wie Indexierung, Klassifikation und Abstracting besprochen werden. Darauf folgt die Behandlung von Wissensrepräsentation mittels Metadaten, wobei v.a. neuere Ansätze wie Dublin Core und RDF behandelt werden. Weitere Unterkapitel widmen sich der Repräsentation von Volltexten und von Multimedia-Informationen. Die Stellung der Sprache im IRR wird in einem eigenen Kapitel behandelt. Dabei werden in knapper Form verschiedene Formen des kontrollierten Vokabulars und die wesentlichen Unterscheidungsmerkmale zur natürlichen Sprache erläutert. Die Eignung der beiden Repräsentationsmöglichkeiten für unterschiedliche IRR-Zwecke wird unter verschiedenen Aspekten diskutiert.