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- Date
- 29. 8.2009 21:15:48
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
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Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
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Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010)
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Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012)
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- Content
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- Date
- 5. 7.2018 19:00:29
- Footnote
- Rez. in. Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2005, H.4, S.106-108 (A. Leßmöllmann): "Bereits im Titel steckt Stoff für ein paar grüblerische Nachmittage: »Maschinen, die denken«, provokant mit dem englischen Relativpronomen »who« formuliert, das doch für Belebtes, sogar Vernunftbegabtes reserviert ist. Denken Maschinen denn? Ja, sagt Pamela McCorduck in ihrer Nacherzählung der Geschichte der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI). Fußball spielende Roboter, Schach spielende Computerprogramme, »Such-Bots«, die auf kluge Weise Datenbanken durchstöbern - das sind alles Denker. Allerdings nutzen sie ihre künstlichen Hirne auf eigene Art. Maschinendenken kann ganz anders ablaufen als Menschendenken und trotzdem Denken sein, so das Credo der Autorin. Um das zu zeigen, entfacht sie ein DenkmaschinenFeuerwerk: Sie hat klug beobachtet, kennt die KI-Szene (zumindest in den USA) und nimmt uns mit auf eine unterhaltsame Reise durch die Geschichte der KI-Tüftelei. Eine Reise, die für sie mit der alten Frage verknüpft ist, wie wir Wissen sammeln, mit Maschinen spielen, denkende Maschinen zu unseren Gefährten machen: Bereits der hinkende Schmied und Zeussohn Hephaistos hatte intelligente Blasebälge, die ihm aufs Wort gehorchten. McCorduck berichtet vom Enthusiasmus der Pioniere wie des Kybernetikers Norbert Wiener (1894-1964) und des Mathematikers John von Neumann (1903-1957), auf den die Idee eines gespeicherten Computerprogramms zurückgeht; beide sahen sich durchaus in der Tradition eines Rabbi Löw (1520-1609), der im frühneuzeitlichen Prag den Golem erschuf. Sie erzählt von der folgenschweren Dartmouth-Konferenz 1956, bei der Marvin Minsky und andere, auch heute noch aktive Wortführer entschieden: Ein künstliches Hirn kann wie ein menschliches arbeiten, ohne notwendigerweise wie ein solches gebaut zu sein. Künstliches Denken kann also auf algorithmischem Weg funktionieren - indem ein Programm Befehle ausführt, genauer: Symbole verarbeitet. Nebenbei erklärt McCorduck auch dem technisch unwilligen Leser, wie das legendäre »Psychotherapie«-Programm Eliza (das zwar unintelligent, aber überraschend wirkungsvoll plapperte) und all die anderen Maschinchen im Inneren ticken. Auch die Kritiker lässt sie zu Wort kommen, Joseph Weizenbaum beispielsweise, den schon der Erfolg seiner Eliza ängstigte: Offenbar seien Menschen viel zu schnell bereit, in Maschinen Intelligenz - sogar Gefühl! - zu vermuten, und deswegen sollten wir lieber die Finger von der KI lassen, um uns nicht selbst eine Falle zu stellen. Das ist alles wunderbar durchdacht und mit Herzblut berichtet. Allerdings nicht neu: Der größte Teil des Buchs er schien bereits 1981, wurde in den USA ein Bestseller und in viele Sprachen übersetzt, auch ins Deutsche (»Denkmaschinen«).
-
Kashyap, M.M.: Algorithms for analysis and representation of subject contents in a documentary language (1983)
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- Source
- Library herald. 22(1983), S.1-29
-
Chomsky, N.: Aspects of the theory of syntax (1965)
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- Date
- 6. 1.1999 10:29:22
-
Lathrop, L.: Considerations in indexing online documents (1996)
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- Date
- 8. 3.1997 10:22:27
- Source
- Keywords. 4(1996) no.1, S.1+29
-
Desmarais, N.: Data preparation for electronic publications (1998)
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- Date
- 21. 4.2000 12:41:29
- Source
- Advances in librarianship. 22(1998), S.59-75
-
Bookstein, A.: Informetric distributions : I. Unified overview (1990)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 18:55:29
-
Cataloguing: the new and the old (1994)
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- Date
- 17.10.1995 18:22:54
- Source
- Colorado libraries. 20(1994) no.3, S.5-29
