Search (75 results, page 2 of 4)

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Abstract

Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Post-modernity and information: complementary concepts?

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Reproduces the opening session of the Madrid Conference on 'Foundations of Information Science' organized by the university Carlos III of Madrid and the University of Saragossa, in July 94. This conference was an attempt to rescue information as a central scientific tool and put it into a new context so as to serve as a basis for a fundamental disciplinary development. The novelty of the conference was that, instead of attempting a precise 'atomic' definition, information was understood as related to a widespread network of processes potentially involving the integration of subatomic molecular, cellular, computational, human and social occurences, demanding both a unifying and a multiperspective approach

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Foundations of information science

Theme

Information

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Abstract

The increasing emphasis on the importance of corporate intelligence in promoting competitiveness has generated demand for a new interdisciplinary service based on providing data and information geared to the needs of decision makers. The mission of corporate intelligence is to create products such as verbal and audiovisual presentations, bulletins / newsletters, and summary reports, relevant to the immediate specific needs of the organisation. This new service transforms isolated data into high value added information products, opening up new opportunities for interdisciplinary specialists in business information units

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information and business intelligence: basic elements for success

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science as a scientific discipline

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Abstract

Reports results of an automated search of the term 'information technology' and 20 related terms in the ERIC database, 1982-1991, which revealed data related to: scientific production relating to information technology; core journals; types of documents; types of authors and their output; sponsoring institutions; publishing output by country; desciptors; and related terms. The following bibliometric laws are applied: Bradford's law; Lotka's law; and Spearman's and Pearson's laws. Provides an insight into the role of bibliometrics as a scientific discipline for the study of the development of new technologies and their impact on information activity

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Comparative bibliometrics in the field of information technology: ten years of the ERIC database

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Date

30. 1.1999 19:22:45

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Abstract

Knowledge organisation is an interdisciplinary subject drawing from the fields of psychology, linguistics, economy, sociology, information science and computing. Examines the need for controlling the transfer of knowledge, discussing knowledge acquisition and representation, the role of the information scientist and the practical work of information professionals

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Abstract

Reviews ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used for lawyers, based on typical procedures derived from the philosophy of law. Develops information tools by modelling legal problems into applications through AI. Illustrates this with ARPO-2, a prototype expert system in the field of legal information retrieval

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Expert systems and information retrieval: examples of application

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Abstract

Individuals need access to both formal and informal information to be able to exercise their rights as citizens: this principle is written into the Brazilian constitution. The mission of all types of library is to disseminate information but this role is little known by potential users or understood by librarians. The profession needs to prioritise educating the user to search for new ideas, rather than focusing on building collections and installing new technology with the sole purpose of achieving technical perfection

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: The librarian, information and citizenship

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Abstract

Information science is currently dominated by 2 paradigms: one emphasises information retrieval as a technological process, based on natural sciences; the other derives from the social sciences, focusing on the information process as a communication act. The first is based on the structure of atoms, the second as people as collective actors. In Brazil the social science approach predominates, chiefly through the influence of 3 currents of thought: American liberalism; German social democracy and French post-structuralism. The ideas of the chief exponents of these theories have been developed by Brazilian researchers, introducing elements from political economy, quantum physics, linguistics, social science and epistemology. This interdisciplinarity is the key to unity in information science

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Analyzes the terms used for the technical oeprations of information retrieval in Spanish legislation in university level library and information studies. Considers 'documentary analysis' and 'cataloguing' to be unsuitable for representing the standards proposed by the Council of Universities and the most recent professional literature. Discusses the library and information studies curriculum of the University of Salamanca

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Abstract

Analyses the concept of a user friendly interface together with the key position it occupies in information retrieval systems: the control of intercation with the human operator, and the optimisation of the relationship between them. Proposes a definition of friendliness to ensure the proper evaluation of an interface. Traces a schematic history of the human-machine interface develoment and considers its cognitive backgrounds and development techniques. Discusses 3 innovative prototypes in the field of bibliographic information: Icarus; The BookHouse; and Okapi. Considers the future development of interaction between bibliographic information systems and users

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Abstract

The development of indexing languages to exploit the potential of new information and communication technology is based on the use of controlled vocabulary acting as a bridge between the languages of the author, user and indexer. Such conceptual models eliminate ambiguity and permit generic searching, in contrast to free text approaches. The most efficient type of controlled language is the thesaurus, which is comprehensible to end users, accepts modifications and is structured generically. The Latin American Library and Information Thesaurus now being developed highlights the need for a standardised language for professionals in LAtin America, where use of the common language, Spanish, differs between countries

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Benefits of the use of controlled languages in information analysis and retrieval

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Abstract

Documentation science has scientific status in that there is an identifiable scientific community and it uses research for problem-solving. It is characterised by both unity in diversity (i.e. documentation science integrates previous sciences such as library science, archive studies) and diversity in unity (i.e. it involves a whole range of non-documentation based disciplines). Documentation science seeks to generate new knowledge about documentary information, for the purpose of satisfying determined information needs. On this basis it can be understood as a conjunction of disciplines and sciences concerned with the study of that part of the documentation process focusing on information retrieval and dissemination

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The concept of information science: unity in diversity or diversity in unity

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Abstract

For higher education, new technology opens up the possibility of online access to international information networks comprising the totality of human knowledge. Developing countries however risk becoming marginalized because they have no culture of cooperation. The Colombian Institute for the Development of Higher Education, ICFES, has been instrumental in developing the National Science and Technology Information Network, linked in 1993 to the National Higher Education System. The next step is to create a common communications infrastructure for all national systems, based on Internet protocols, so that all information units can link into the resources of the virtual library

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: New paradigms for information access and use: the virtual library

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Abstract

Discusses what documentalists need to know of the psychological models of cognitive activity currently defining humans as processors of information. Considers the kinds of knowledge used by humans; the influence of the individuals' previous experience; the different stages of thought involving in the construction of the consolidated products known as science; thought strategies; and the influence of motivation on thinking processes

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Identifies those skills required by a library and information science graduate. Describes a method for teaching UDC based on an analytic-synthetic approach to classification structure and function. This method reduces the practical time needed for learning UDC

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: A methodology for teaching UDC to undergraduate students in library and information science

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Abstract

Explains knowledge organization from an interdisciplinary perspective considering the capacity of humans to order, classify and organise. Considers classification by selective and relational criteria as positive for information retrieval. Discusses the descriptive and reductionist concepts of document classification. Proposes a concept based on the observation of the analytical and synthetic intellectual process of indexing and classifying and a unique definition for all types of information centres and documentary languages

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Abstract

Discusses the foundations for constructing a framework for knowledge representation and organization with particular reference to archives. Considers reciprocal cooperation and improvement of the documentary techniques used in different information centres. Describes archival practice, methods and principles; information processing and retrieval; the documentary chain model; documentary languages; classification schemes; and indexing languages

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Abstract

Considers leading scientific paradigms that have influenced the work of information scientists, particularly in the field of knowledge representation and organization. Discusses the underlying models, methodologies and applications, considering the possibility of integration into an expanded cognitive paradigm. Emphasises the importance of a working interface between theory and practice and an adherence to scientific methodology

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Scientific paradigms in information retrieval