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Abstract

Was bedeutet es, »wir« zu sagen? Warum gelten gerade »wir« als vernünftige Wesen, als Wissende und Handelnde? Was müssten Schimpansen oder Computer zu tun imstande sein, damit sich mit Recht sagen ließe, sie gehören zu »uns«? Ausgehend von diesen den Kern philosophischen Denkens berührenden Fragen, hat Robert B. Brandom vor gut 20 Jahren mit Expressive Vernunft eine Untersuchung über das Wesen der Sprache vorgelegt, die den Rahmen üblicher sprachphilosophischer Ansätze sprengt und zentralen Topoi der Philosophie des Geistes und der Logik neue Konturen verleiht. Mit ihrem Anspruch, »eine einheitliche Sicht auf Sprache und Geist zu entwickeln«, ist sie längst zum Klassiker geworden und liegt nun erstmals als Taschenbuch vor.

Footnote

Rez. in: Frankfurter Rundschau Nr.141 vom 20.6.2000, S.22 (J. Habermas)

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Abstract

This book addresses some of the key questions that scientists have been asking themselves for centuries: what is knowledge? What is information? How do we know that we know something? How do we construct meaning from the perceptions of things? Although no consensus exists on a common definition of the concepts of information and communication, few can reject the hypothesis that information - whether perceived as « object » or as « process » - is a pre-condition for knowledge. Epistemology is the study of how we know things (anglophone meaning) or the study of how scientific knowledge is arrived at and validated (francophone conception). To adopt an epistemological stance is to commit oneself to render an account of what constitutes knowledge or in procedural terms, to render an account of when one can claim to know something. An epistemological theory imposes constraints on the interpretation of human cognitive interaction with the world. It goes without saying that different epistemological theories will have more or less restrictive criteria to distinguish what constitutes knowledge from what is not. If information is a pre-condition for knowledge acquisition, giving an account of how knowledge is acquired should impact our comprehension of information and communication as concepts. While a lot has been written on the definition of these concepts, less research has attempted to establish explicit links between differing theoretical conceptions of these concepts and the underlying epistemological stances. This is what this volume attempts to do. It offers a multidisciplinary exploration of information and communication as perceived in different disciplines and how those perceptions affect theories of knowledge.

Content

Introduction; 1. Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan and Thomas Dousa.- 2. Cybersemiotics: A new foundation for transdisciplinary theory of information, cognition, meaning, communication and consciousness; Soren Brier.- 3. Epistemology and the Study of Social Information within the Perspective of a Unified Theory of Information;Wolfgang Hofkirchner.- 4. Perception and Testimony as Data Providers; Luciano Floridi.- 5. Human communication from the semiotic perspective; Winfried Noth.- 6. Mind the gap: transitions between concepts of information in varied domains; Lyn Robinson and David Bawden.- 7. Information and the disciplines: A conceptual meta-analysis; Jonathan Furner.- 8. Epistemological Challenges for Information Science; Ian Cornelius.- 9. The nature of information science and its core concepts; Birger Hjorland.- 10. Visual information construing: bistability as a revealer of mediating patterns; Sylvie Leleu-Merviel. - 11. Understanding users' informational constructs via a triadic method approach: a case study; Michel Labour. - 12. Documentary languages and the demarcation of information units in textual information: the case of Julius O. Kaisers's Systematic Indexing

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 65(2014) no.6, S.1299-1302 (A.P. Carlin), KO 42(2915) no.2, S.129-133 (R. Szostak)

RSWK

Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>

Series

Studies in history and philosophy of science ; 34

Subject

Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>

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BK

18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

Classification

18.00 Einzelne Sprachen und Literaturen allgemein

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Abstract

A striking characteristic of modern knowledge society is the rapid spread of certain ideas and concepts back and forth from everyday to scientific discourses, and across many different contexts of meaning. This book opens up a new road to the study of these 'dynamics of knowledge'. Sociologists of knowledge and recently evolutionary theorists have offered explanations that either attribute social attention to particular ideas or shifts of meaning to the predominance of certain groups. Maasen and Weingart, however, offer a radical new explanation that explains knowledge dynamics by reference to the interaction between metaphors and discourses. The study focuses on three major case studies: - The spread of Darwin's phrase 'struggle for existence'; - the reception of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in the sciences and humanities; - the diffusion of the concept of 'chaos' from scientific to everyday discourses. In its innovative theoretical approach (called 'metaphor analysis') and rich empirical analysis the book will be of interest for social and cognitive scientists alike

Series

Routledge studies in social and political thought ; 26